2015年考研英语二真题详细解析

Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

Part A

Text 1

A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortisol，which is it at stress marker,while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.

段首句提出观点：人们在家中受到的压力比工作中更大（more stressed at home than at work），第二句通过具体的实验结果描述对首句进行道理论证（cortisol浓度在家中比在工作中更高）。

从考点设置来说，本段首句+第二句构成观点+例证的结构，可以对首句的观点进行正确选项的设置。

“Further contradicting conventionalwisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, writes one of the researchers”. Sarah Damaske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work, Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for non-parents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.

本段首句提出与传统观点相反的内容：女性在工作中经历的压力更小。第二句进一步强化首句内容：女性更喜欢工作而非在家中，而男人却更加喜欢待在家中。第三句+第四句提出另外一个让人吃惊的事实，没有孩子的夫妻更加喜欢工作环境而非家庭环境。

从考点设置来说，本段倒数第二句存在于上句的并列+句内转折+最后一句的道理论证，属于重要考点，可以设置相应的细节题。

What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are

playingcatch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.

本段首句提出研究的漏洞——人们是否会在家继续工作？工作是家务还是办公室的工作？第二句到第四句给出对立的观点：对男人而言，下班即意味着不用工作了，而对于女性而言，上班或者下班都有工作要处理

（ catch-up-with-household tasks）。最后一句对前四句做出总结，女性在家中的压力明显多过男性（women are more stressed at home）。

从考点设置来说，本段最重要的考点是最后一句的总结内容，对本段第二句到第四句的对比结构给出了明确的确定性的观点，且本身带有比较结构（more stressed），适合设置细节题正确选项。

But its not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they’re supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustainingmoola.

本段首句给出抽象观点：这不仅仅是性别的问题。第二句+第三句指出工作场合下人们的目标很明确——付出劳动获得酬劳（working, making money）。

从考点设置来说，本段首句为抽象观点，不适合考察。第三句带有冒号，对第二句进行进一步的解释说明，可以在二三两句话之间设置细节题考点。重点是第三句话内容。

On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.

本段首句明确与上段二三两句构成转折：人们在家中的目的性就不明确了。第二句到本段结束为对首句内容的进一步解释:家务分工一般很难明确，（Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out），家务繁重且报酬很少（ a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards），你也不能因为他们干得不好而把他们给开除了（You cannot fire your family）。

从考点设置来说，本段首句与上段形成对比，从第二句开始对首句的no such clarity进行进一步解释，重点对本段第二句开始到最后一句的内容中进行考察。可以设置相应的细节题。

So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.

本段首句+第二句对之前内容进行总结。

从考点设置来说，本段不存在新观点，不具备考察的条件。

21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home

[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation

[B]generated more stress than the workplace

[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement

[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace

试题类型：事实信息题

解题思路：通过题干most previous surveys定位到原文首段第一句。本题考察的是大部分之前的调查的观点，而原文首段第一句指出，一个和绝大部分之前调查相反（contrary to）的新研究指出（new study），人们在家中比工作中存在更大的压力。反过来说，原先的大部分研究都是认为在家中不如工作中的压力大，因此选项D（家庭可以提供更大的舒适度）是正确的。

干扰排除：选项A指出家庭不适合放松，而B指出家庭会产生更多的压力，都是和原文首句内容相反的信息，可以直接排除。而选项C在原文首段并没有提到，可以直接排除。

22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?

[A]Working mothers

[B]Childless husbands

[C] Childless wives

[D]Working fathers

试题类型：事实信息题

解题思路：通过题干人名Damaske定位到文章第二段，本题考察的是在家中感觉最快乐的人是谁。通过第二段的语篇分析，本段中最重要内容应该是带有带有并列结构的两个观点。前一个观点是男人比女人在家中更开心。之后的并列内容（another）中句内转折之后指出没有小孩的夫妻（non-parent）比有小孩的夫妻更开心，综合起来，最开心的自然就应该是没有小孩的丈夫在家中是最为开心的，因此选项B是正确的。

干扰排除：通过本段倒数第二句明确没有小孩的夫妻是更快乐的，所以选项A和D可以快速排除，选项B和C要依靠本段第二句的Damaske的引号内的观点来进行排除，C是错误的，妻子在工作中更加的快乐而不是家庭中。

23 The blurring of working women’s roles refers to the fact they

[A]they are both bread winners and housewives

[B]their home is also a place for kicking back

[C]there is often much housework left behind

[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office

试题类型：通过题干中的blurring of working women’s roles定位到原文第三段中的最后一句。题干考察的是工作女性模糊的角色意味着什么。而原文定位点当句的the blurring of working women提示在本句之前已经出现对这种模糊角色的解释性的信息（the是定冠词，其后名词没有定语做解释时，往往意味着之前已经提到相关内容），而本段倒数第二句指出妻子不光要在外工作（work outside home）,还要在家里继续承担家务（playingcatch-up-with-household tasks）。等同于选项A中的bread winner（依靠工作获得收入）and housewives(家庭主妇)。

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