裕兴版新概念英语第二册笔记 - 第十课

第十课 Not for jazz

单词讲解 关键句型 课文讲解 练习 复习 补充内容

单词讲解

New words and expressions

★jazz n. 爵士音乐 a kind of music

★musical adj. 音乐的

music student : the student who learned music musical student :有音乐天赋的

★instrument n. 乐器

instrument=musical instrument

★clavichord n. 古钢琴 a kind of instrument

★recently adv. 最近 recently=lately

★damage v. 损坏

★key n. 琴键 key to the door

Do you know the key(答案） to the question? key(关键)structure

★string n. （乐器的）弦 jazz n. 爵士音乐 classical music 古典音乐 folk music 民族音乐 country music 乡村音乐 pop (popular) music 流行音乐 jazz 爵士音乐 play jazz 演奏爵士乐

eg. They tried to play jazz on the piano. 他们试图在钢琴上演奏爵士音乐。 rock and roll 摇滚乐

rap 拉普乐（说唱音乐） musical adj. 音乐的 music [U]

a piece of music 一首音乐 concert ['k?ns?t] [C] 音乐会 musical adj. 音乐的 musician n. 音乐家 a music lesson 一堂音乐课 a music teacher 音乐教师 a music lover 音乐爱好者 a piece of music 一首音乐

face the music 面对失败；面对不愿面对而又不得不面对之事

（说法：1.新演员初上舞台非常紧张，但是音乐响起了，不得不上舞台，必须去面对音乐，面对自己不敢面对的事情；2.新兵入伍后参加军事检阅，军乐响起来了，不得不按照节拍去走，哪怕再紧张也没有用。） a musical instrument 一件乐器 a misical performance 乐器演奏 a musical score [sk?:] 乐谱 musical voice 美妙的声音 instrument 1) 器具，仪器

torture ['t?:t??] instruments 刑具 operation instruments 手术器械 2) 乐器

musical instrument 乐器

-----What kind of musical instrument can you play? 你会演奏哪种乐器呢？ -----I can play the guitar. 我会弹吉他。 -----I can play the piano. 我会弹钢琴。 -----I can play the violin. 我会拉小提琴。

-----I can play the saxophone ['s?ks?,f??n]. 我会吹萨克斯管。 instrument中的----ment是名词后缀

movement 移动 government 政府 judgement 判断 argument 争论，证据 clavichord n. 古钢琴

recently adv. 最近地 ；lately adv. 最近地 常用在现在完成时以及过去时中

eg. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 最近它被一位客人弄坏了。 eg. They have recently bought a new car. 他们最近刚刚买了一辆新车。 eg. Have you seen him recently. 最近你见过他吗? recent adj. 最近的，最新的

eg. In recent years there have been great changes. 在最近几年有很大的变化。 eg. What is the most recent news? 什么是最新的消息?

eg. The photograph seemed quite recent. 这张照片看起来很新是最近照的。 more recent; most recent damage v. 损坏

spoil v. 损坏，惯坏，宠坏 damage v. 部分损坏 destroy v. 毁坏，彻底损坏 spoil 1) 破坏

eg. The rain spoiled our excursion[iks'k?:??n]. 雨破坏了我们的远足计划。 2) 腐烂

eg. The fish has spoiled in the heated room. 鱼在很热的房间里已经腐烂了。 3) 溺爱

eg. Spare the rod and spoil the child. 孩子不打不成器；棍棒出孝子。 damage n. [U] [C] 1) 损失 [U]

a lot of damage 大量损失 damage to sth 对……的损失

damage to the car 对车辆造成的损失 damage to crops 对庄稼造成的损失

damage to one's reputation 对某人名声造成的损失 2) damages 赔偿 [C] v. 损坏 1) 部分损坏 break 打断 cut 剪，砍，割 crush [kr??] 压坏，捣坏 tear 撕

stain [stein] 弄脏

都包含在damage 范围之内 2) 损害

eg. Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟有害于你的健康。 to damage relations between two countries 损害两国之间的关系 to damage one's career[k?'ri?] 损坏某人的职业 damage one's good name 损害某人的好名声 destroy v. 毁坏，粉碎（希望，计划等）

eg. The fire destroyed the whole forest. 大火毁灭了整个森林。 eg. All my hopes were destroyed by his letter of refusal [ri'fju:z?l]. 我所有的希望被他的一封拒绝信毁灭了。 key n. 1) 琴键

eg. She struck the keys too hard. 她过分用力敲击琴键。 or: She hit the keys too hard. 2) 钥匙

the key to the door 这个门的钥匙 the answer to the question 这个问题的答案 the entrance to the hall 这个大厅的入口 the train to London 开往伦敦的火车

to表由此及彼的方向性 adj. 关键的，主要的 key structures 关键句型

eg. Who is the key person in this class？谁是这个班里的关键人物？ Every student. 人人都是。 a key question 一个关键问题 string n. （乐器的）弦

1)细绳（比 cord 细，比thread粗） a piece of string 一条绳子 a ball of string 一卷绳子 2) （附在衣服等之上的）带子 apron['eipr?n] strings 围裙带 3) 弦乐器 the strings弦乐器 violin 小提琴

mandolin [,m?nd?'l?n, 'm?ndl?n] n.曼陀林(一种琵琶类乐器) cello ['t?el??] 大提琴 harp 竖琴

viola [v?'??l?] 中提琴 guitar [ɡi'tɑ:] 吉他

contrabass ['k?ntr?'beis] 低音弦乐器 都是弦乐器 clavichord 古钢琴 piano 钢琴 organ ['?:ɡ?n] 风琴

harpsichord ['hɑ:ps?,k?:d] 大键琴 都称为instrument

woodwind ['w?dw?nd]木管乐器 brass 铜管乐器

percussion [p?'k???n] 打击乐器

4) 一串…..，一系列…… a string of necklace 一串项链 a string of pearls 一串珍珠 a string of visitors 一系列的来访者 a string of wins 一系列的胜利

tied to one's wife's apron strings （深受）妻子影响及控制 harp on one's string 旧调重弹，老事重提 have a person on a string （口）任意支配某人 shock v.使…..不悦或生气，震惊 shocking adj.令人震惊的 shocked adj.感到震惊的

be surprised 对……感到惊讶（中性） be shocked 震惊（贬） be astonished 目瞪口呆，傻了 be surprised at/by sth 对…..感到吃惊 be shocked at/by sth 对……感到震怒/震惊 be astonished at/by sth 对…..感到目瞪口呆 surprise n. 以surprise为例

eg. Mary's birthday is coming. I'll give her a surprise. 玛丽的生日就要到了，我要给她一个惊奇。 a surprise party 一个意外聚会 to one's surprise 令某人吃惊的是 allow [?'lau] v. 允许，让（非正式用语）

permit [p?'mit] v.允许，让（法律条文规定，正式用语） permit ['p?mit] n. 通行证 1) allow doing…..允许做

eg. We don't allow smoking. 我们不允许吸烟。 2) allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

eg. My mean boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.

我那个吝啬的老板不允许我使用电话。

allow yourself to make mistakes 不要对自己太严格，要允许自己犯错误。 3) 授与人…..

eg. He allows his son too much money. 他给儿子太多的钱。 allowance [?'lau?ns] n. 津贴；补助；零用钱(Am.)

eg. make an allowance of 5% for cash payment 付现金打9.5折 make allowances for 考虑到 touch v. 触摸 touch-me-not 凤仙花 forget-me-not 勿忘我 eg. Don't touch me. 别碰我。

eg. Don't touch that dish. It's very hot. 不要碰那只碟子，它很烫。 vi.摸起来 （可以跟形容词） 类似的词有： sound 听起来 taste 尝起来 look 看起来

The desk touches smooth. 这桌子摸起来很光滑。 The fish smells good. 这鱼闻起来很好。

The story sounds interesting. 这故事听起来令人感兴趣。 touched/moved/excited 感动的（主语多是人） touching/moving/exciting 令人感动的（主语多是物） touch stone 试金石 a near touch 千钧一发 in touch 保持联系 out of touch 失去联系

关键句型

Key Structures -----被动语态

1. 构成：由系动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。

一般现在时： eg. People make history. 人民创造历史。

eg. History is made by the people. 注意：过去分词的不规则变化 一般过去式：

eg. They completed the building last year. eg. When was the building completed?

eg. They won’t allow you to take so much luggage with you. Eg. You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you. 现在进行时：

eg. They are building a new railway . eg. A new railway is being built. 过去进行时：

eg. They were widening the roads. eg. The roads were being widened. 现在完成时：

Eg. They have redesigned the aircraft. Eg. The aircraft has been redesigned. 过去完成时：

Eg. The factory had reduced production costs. Eg. Prouduction costs had been greatly reduced. 2. 被动语态与主动语态的区分

主动：施动者+谓语+受动者

被动：受动者+be+v.过去分词+（by+施动者）

一般而言，被动语态施动者无需说出，因为这种句式强调的是受动者。 Eg. Prisoners of war built this bridge in 1942. Eg. The bridge was built in 1942 (by prisoners of war). Exercise

1. We have an old musical instrument. We call it a clavichord.

We have an old musical instrument.It is called a clavichord. 2. Someone made the machine in Germany in 1681.

The machine was made （by someone）in Germany in 1681. 3. a student-complsed song

4. Everybody respected them at that time.

They were redpected by everybody at that time.

课文讲解 Text

have 有，拥有 eg. I have many friends.

当\有，拥有\讲时，无被动态和进行时态 have 是一个很活泼的词，有很多的意思 have breakfast have a fever 发烧 have a good time 玩得开心 have a headache 头疼 have a running nose 流鼻涕

have a swollen['sw??l?n] face 脸浮肿 have sth done 由别人做某事

have something to do with 与……有关系 have nothing to do with 与……没有关系 have anything to do with 与……有任何关系 have to do sth 不得不做某事 It is called a clavichord. 变为主动语态为： We call it a clavichord. be made in + 地点 表示产地 be made in + 时间 表示制作于某时 be made of (a material) 用某种材料制作

表示仍能看出原材料

eg. The tea pot is made of silver. 这把茶壶是银制的。

eg. be made from (one or a number of materials) 由某种或某些材料制成 表示已经看不出原材料

eg. Glass is made from sand and lime. 玻璃是由砂子和石灰制成的。 eg. This sweater is made from wool. 这件毛衣是羊毛制成的。 be made by sb 被…..制造

eg. This cake was made by my sister. 这只蛋糕是我姐姐制作的。 be made for 为…..做的

eg. This cake was made for you. 这只蛋糕是为你制作的。

living room 起居室 (room in a private house for general use during the daytime ) sitting room (Br.) = living room Our clavichord is kept in the living room 转变为主动语态:

We keep our clavichord in the living room. belong to 属于（无被动） 类似的词还有: happen 发生 take place 发生 have 有

The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. 转变为主动语态：

My grandfather bought it many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. 主动态为：

Recently a visitor damaged it. too 太，过多（贬）

eg. You think too much. 你想得太多了。 eg. You work too hard. 你工作太勤奋了。 break-broke-broken

break vt.

eg. She broke two strings. 她弄断两根琴弦。

eg. She fell and nearly broke her neck. 她摔倒，差点摔断脖子。 broken adj. 断了的，破了的 eg. The glass is broken. 玻璃碎了。 Eg. The book is broken. 这书太破了。 eg. The strings were broken. 琴弦断了。 Now we are not allowed to touch it. to touch it是主语补足语 主动态为：

Now my my father does not allow us to touch it. to touch it是宾语补足语

It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. 主动态为：

a friend of my father's is repairing it. a friend of my father's （双重所有格） 还可替换成：one of my father's friends eg. Tom lent me one of his books. or: Tom lent me a book of his. eg. He is one of my friends. or: He is a friend of mine. Special Difficulties-----make be made in 表示制造于某地或某时 be made of 表示能看出原材料 be made from 表示看不出原材料 made by sb 表示是谁制造的 made for 为了谁而制造 1) Is your watch made of gold? 2) These knives were made in Sheffield ['?efi:ld] 设菲尔德(英国英格兰北部城市)? 3) This cake was made from suger, flour, butter and egg. 双重所有格替换练习： eg. a friend of my father's or: one of my father's friends 1) He borrowed one of my records. He borrowed a record of mine.

2) She showed me one of John's pictures. She showed me a picture of John's. 3) It was one of her ideas. It was an idea of hers.

4) One of your letters was found on my desk. A letter of yours was found on my desk. 5) Some of their friends came to see me. Some friends of theirs came to see me.

练习 Exercises

1. We are not allowed to touch it. We_____touch it.

A. mustn’t B. mustn’t to C. haven’t to D . don’t have to 分析：

肯定结构中must和have to是一个概念；否定结构中must 和have to就不一样了，mustn't:不准, 不可以； have to的否定：don't have to 不必(have实意动词) You don't have to go to school. 今天你不必去上学 You mustn't go to school. 今天你不许去上学

B.千万不要，后面只能加动词原形 C.不合乎语法

D.合乎语法，但意思上不合乎题意 A.不要做某事，千万不要做某事 合乎语法，含义也正确

2. The visitor damaged it. She ______ it.

A. hurt B. pained C . broke D. destroyed damaged：可以修复 destroy：无法修复 pain：有身体的疼痛 broke：打破, 打断, 打碎 I broke my leg.

A. 伤害，使伤心，一般指精神上的、情感上的或指对身体某一部的伤害 B．使疼痛，使痛苦 D. 毁坏，摧毁建筑物等 C．打碎，损坏。

2. Recently it was damaged.

She damaged it______.

A. late B. lastly C. lately D. finally A.迟，晚 B.最后

D.最后，最终 C.最近

4. You have to pass the professional examinations to be ____to the society. 你不得不通过社会上所承认的职业考试。

A． 允许 B. 许可，允许，准许 C. 承认 D.服从，顺从，提交，递交

复习 Review

1.Key Structure

一般过去式的被动语态： Was/were +v.ed

Eg. This bridge was built in 1942. 2.Main Points: Music音乐

Classical music 古典音乐 Folk music 民族音乐 Pop music 流行音乐 Musical instrument 乐器

Key to the door 这个门的钥匙 Key structure 关键句型

Be surprised at… 对…感到吃惊 Be shocked at… 对…震惊、震怒

Be astonished at… 对…目瞪口呆、震惊

Touch 触摸，摸起来

Touch smooth 摸起来很光滑（后面形容词表感觉）

You think too hard你想太多了

Be broken被弄断了

Be made in产于某地或时

Be made from 由什么材料制成的（出现化学反应） Be made of 只是物理变化可以看的出什么制成的 Be made by sb.被某人制造

A friend of mine

=one of my friends 身重所格的用法

补充内容 量词

a layer of 一层

eg. He wrapped each component on several layers of foam rubber. 每个部件他者都用几层泡橡胶句了起来。 a lot of

eg. A lot of rain fell in Scotland last night. 昨天晚上苏格兰下了许多雨。

【用法】可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。

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