Unit1 Festivals around the world 教学设计

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Ｉ. Teaching goals

▲ Talk about festivals and celebrations Festivals ; how festivals began; how festivals are celebrated ▲ Talk about the ways to express invitations and thanks ▲ Learn to use Modal verbs ▲ Write a similar story with a different ending II. Functional items Talk about festivals: *Festivals are meant to celebrate important events. *What’s your favorite holiday of the year? *What festivals or celebrations do you enjoy in your city or town? *Do you like spending festivals with your family or with your friends? *What part of a festival do you like best——the music, the things to see, the visit or the food? *Festivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. *They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would 功 bring a year of plenty. 能 *Some festivals are held to honor the dead or satisfy and please the ancestors. *Festivals can be held as an honor to famous people or the gods. *The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. *Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life 句 for a little while. Invitations: 1

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

式 I wonder if you are interested in … I’d like to invite you to … Would you like…? Could/Would you please...? I’d love to, but … I’m looking forward to .... Thanks That’s very kind of you ... Thank you so much/Thanks a lot. It’s a pleasure. Don’t mention it. You are most welcome. 词 汇 1. 四会词汇 beauty , harvest, celebration, starve, origin, religious, ancestor, Mexico, feast, bone, belief, trick, poet, arrival, gain, independence, gather, agricultural, award, rooster, admire, energetic, Easter, clothing, Christian, custom, daily, worldwide, fool, permission , parking, apologize, down, sadness, obvious, wipe, weep, remind, forgive 2. 固定词组 take place, in memory of, dress up, play a trick, look forward to, day and night, as though, have fun with, parking lot, turn up, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath, set off, remind… of… 语 法

Modal verbs: may/ might, can/ could, will/ would, shall/should, must/ can ▲ can and could Jin can speak English well. (ability) 2

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Could you please show me the way to Beihai Park? (request) ▲ may and might May we see the awards for the teams? ( permission; request) If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them. (possibility) ▲ will and would The Spring Festival is the most fun. The whole family will come for dinner. (promise; agreement) Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.(past habit; custom) ▲ shall and should The harvest festival begins on Saturday. We shall be there with our friends.(promise) You should arrive at the airport two hours before he goes.(advice) ▲ must and can’t Wang Feng wins an award every year. He must win next year.(prediction) You must be joking. That can’t be true.(guessing) 1. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. (P1) 2. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.( P1) 3. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who 重 might return either to help or to do harm. (P2) 点

4. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. (P2) 5. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the 3

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

句 子 return of the spirits of dead people.( P2) 6. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. (P2) 7. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colorful clothing of all kinds. (P2) 8. It was the last day of school, but the teacher said that we could not leave early. (permission) (P5) 9. The hunters have been lost for days. They could starve.(possibility) (P5) 10. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. (P7) 11. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. (P7) 12. \ant them to remind me of her.\

III. 教材分析与教材重组

1. 教材分析

本单元以节日为话题，介绍古今中外节日的种类、由来、意义以及人们的活动

和习俗，旨在通过本单元的学习使学生不但了解我国的节日，而且对外国的节日也有所了解，进而拓展社会文化背景、增加跨国文化知识；使学生复习和巩固运用请求和感谢的表达法，掌握情态动词的用法；并尝试根据阅读的文章写一个不同的结局，能表达自己的观点和想法。

1.1 Warming Up 旨在通过表格引导学生讨论并列举出五个我国节日的日期、

庆祝内容和民俗。可以刚刚过去的春节为话题导入对节日的讨论；使他们由自己的经历谈起，扩展到别的节日以及外国的重要节日，激发学生的兴趣，激活他们关于节日的背景知识，为本单元的学习做准备。

1.2 Pre-reading是Reading 的热身活动。主要通过两个问题引导学生思考并讨

论自己最喜欢的节日及欢度方式，进而了解学生对节日的认识，以便为阅读作好铺

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

垫。

1.3 Reading 的五篇小短文分别介绍古代节日、亡灵节、纪念名人的节日、丰

收节、春天的节日等，使学生了解各种节日的由来及其存在的意义。此部分载有Festivals的重要信息，还呈现了大量的词汇和主要的语法---情态动词的用法。处理时应作为重点、整体处理，通过上下文来教词汇、语法，并引导学生分析长句、难句和复杂句。

1.4 Comprehending是考察对阅读内容的进一步理解, 该部分设置了六项练

习。

练习1：表格列出了四种类型的节日，要求学生依据课文内容，填写相应的节

日名称和国家，主要检查学生对课文整体内容的理解情况。

练习2：要求学生根据课文内容回答若干个问题。

练习3：表格填充练习，要学生先在两人小组内讨论，然后按照课文内容列出

不同节日的共同点，以及节日对世界各地人民意义重要的原因。

练习 4：要求学生以两人小组的形式讨论“哪些节日最重要，哪些最有趣”，然后填写表格，填充内容是节日的类型，具体实例和选择这些节日的个人理解，共同合作，完成任务。

1.5 Learning about Language 分词汇学习和语法学习两部分。其中Discovering

useful words and expressions是本单元单词的英文释义练习和用文章中的词汇的适当形式填空；Discovering useful structures 是以文章内容为载体在语境中练习语法，掌握情态动词。由此可以看出本教材已明显地由结构为特征的传统语法训练转变到以交际功能为特征的功能语法训练，充分体现了新教材话题、功能、结构相结合的特点。

1.6 Using Language 是英语听说读写的全面运用的练习。 1.6 ① Listening 是课文的延伸，通过听几位学生参加Trinidad Carnival 节日

游行的两段对话，使学生体会参加节日游行的真实情景，既训练听力一通过问题训练了他们的分析能力。

1.6 ② Speaking 分为两步。第一步，通过电话突出交际用语功能的训练；第

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

二步，让学生编对话，可以按自己的想象、经历为内容，训练思维和表达能力。

1.6 ③ Reading 是发生在情人节的一个令人伤心的爱情故事，其中又插入了一

个―七巧节‖的故事。阅读后的讨论不仅帮助学生理解文章主旨大意，更重要的是让学生学会寻求解决问题的方法。

1.6 ④ Writing 的任务是写一个与文章结尾不同的结局。旨在让学生通过思考写

出自己的想法，尝试自己解决问题。

总之，通过本单元的系统学习，让学生了解世界各国的节日及民俗，学习有关

节日的词汇，并能够丰富语言知识，提升用英语表达观点的能力。 2. 教材重组

2.1 可将Warming up，Pre-reading，Reading，Comprehending整合成一节阅读

课。

2.2 将Learning about Language与Workbook中的Using words & expressions

Using structures结合成一节语言学习课。

2.3 可将Workbook中的 Listening task与Workbook 中的Reading task整合在一

起上一堂听读课。

2.4 将Using language 中的Listening and speaking，整合成一节听说课,旨在启发学生讨论、思考关于节日的话题。

2.5. 泛读 可将Using Language中的Reading &Writing上成一节 \读写课\。

3. 课型设计与课时分配 (经分析教材, 本单元可以用五课时教完。)

Period 1 Period 2

Warming up and reading Learning about language

Period 3 Listening and reading Period 4 Period 5

Listening and speaking Reading and writing

IV. 分课时教案

Period 1 Warming up and reading Teaching goals

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

1. To get the students to talk about festivals

2. To learn about how festivals begin and how to celebrate festivals so as to enable them

to learn more about different cultures while learning different language

3. To develop the students’ reading skills : skimming, scanning, summarizing, and

finding out details.

4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in China，thus

promote their culture awareness.

Important points

1. Comprehension of the reading part.

2. Knowledge accumulation of festivals and cultures. 3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.

Teaching aids

A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder

Teaching procedures

1. Lead-in

1) Greetings: T: Good morning, girls and boys. Happy New Year. Ss: Good morning. Happy New Year. 2) Talk about winter vacation:

T: Did you have fun/enjoy yourselves in the winter vacation? What did you do? Who’d like to tell us something about your winter vacation? Let’s share. S1, S2, …

T: well, girls and boys, most of us seem to be happy during the winter vacation, old or young. The whole country was filled with joy and excitement. Can you tell me why? Ss: Because of the Spring Festival. 2. Warming-up

1) Show some pictures about the Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival. Ask them to talk about what they did during the two festivals.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

T: Did you have fun during the Spring Festival/ the Lantern Festival? What do people do? What do people eat? What does it celebrate?

2) Show some more pictures of festivals, ask students to guess what festivals they are. T: Look at the pictures, can you tell us which festival is it about? When does it take place? What do they celebrate? What do people do? Discuss with your partners.

The Dragon-boat Festival, Mid-autumn Day, and the Double Ninth Festival.

3) Well-done. In fact, there are plenty of festivals throughout the world, and different

festivals take place in different cultures. Here you are given a quiz: Festivals Mid-autumn Festival Time of Year/date autumn / fall What it celebrate The beauty of the full moon, harvest , time with family and friends. The end of winter, arrival of spring, Lunar New Year, reunion with family and relatives. The founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. What people do Give/Eat mooncakes and watch the full moon with family and friends. Give money in red paper to children; see dragon dances; eat fish. prawns and dumplings; visit family members. Take time off work; travel to visit family or to see other parts of China or the world; go shopping. Eat Zongzi; watch dragon boat races; throw rice wrapped in reed leaves into water in memory of Qu Yuan; put herbs on doorways for good health Spring Festival January / February National Day October 1 Dragon Boat Festival/Duanwu Festival The fifth day of the fifth month in lunar calendar The memory of the beloved poet Qu Yuan who died in 278 BC.

3. Reading 1) Fast reading

T: Got it. You seem to know many festivals of China. But do you other festivals in different countries and how these festivals began? What do people do to celebrate? Luckily, the passage provides you much information. Read the passage quickly and find

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

out the festivals mentioned here:

Festivals of the Dead; Festivals to Honour People; Harvest Festivals; Spring Festivals 2) Now, let’s get to know more about these festivals, listen to the tape and find out the information accordingly to fill in the form and answer the questions: Kinds of Festivals Festivals of the dead Names of Festivals Obon Day of the dead Halloween Dragon Boat Festival Columbus Day Festival to honour Gandhi harvest/Thanksgiving festivals mid-autumn festivals Spring Festival Easter and related holidays Cherry Blossom Festival Countries Japan Mexico some Western countries China USA India European and other countries China and Japan China some Western countries Japan Festivals to Honour People Harvest Festivals Spring Festivals Paragraph 1:

*When did ancient people celebrate?

? at the end of winter

? When good weather returned ? a good harvest ? animals caught

? When they wanted a year of plenty *What about festivals now?

have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events …

Paragraph 2: Festivals of the dead Festivals Obon Where Japan When In July or August What to do Clean the graves Light incense Light lamps Play music What to eat / The Day of the Dead Mexico In early People offer food, Food in the shape of November flowers and gifts to skulls, and cakes the dead with ―bones‖ on them 9

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Halloween The U.S and October 31 Go to neighbours’ some other Dress up and try to Western frighten people countries / *Are there any similar festivals in China? What to do? What to eat?

The Qing Ming Festival

Paragraph 3: Festivals to Honour People Festivals The Dragon Boat Festival Country China The USA India People honoured Qu Yuan, the famous ancient poet Christopher Columbus Mahatma Gandhi Columbus Day National Festival Any other festivals which are meant to honour people in China? Who is honoured?

Tree-planting Day -------Sun Zhongshan

Paragraph 4: Harvest Festivals

1) Why are autumn festivals happy events?

Because people are grateful and happy and a season of agricultural work is over. 2) What do people do to celebrate it?

In European countries, it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit; get together to have meals, win awards for their farm produce; admire the moon, enjoy mooncakes.

Paragraph 5: Spring Festivals Festivals The Lunar Chinese New Year Carnivals The Cherry Blossom Festival Country China Christian countries Japan What to do Eat dumplings, fish and meat Give lucky money Dragon dances Parades, dancing , loud music , colourful clothing Enjoy the cherry tree flowers Paragraph 6: What are the purposes of festivals?

Festivals: To have fun with each other / To let us enjoy life / To be proud of our customs / To forget our daily life for a little while / To honour the dead / To honour famous people / To celebrate harvest/To welcome a new year and look forward to the future / To ask people to pay attention to something

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

4) Well-done. Since you have got to know the information related to these festivals, I’d

like you to have a quiz to check whether you have fully understood the text. Use the information from the reading passage to answer the following questions. Suggested answers to exercise 2:

(1). Festivals of the Dead are for honouring or satisfying dead ancestors or others, who some people believe might return to help or harm living people.

(2). Autumn festivals are happy events because people are thankful that food it ready for winter and the hard farm work is finished.

(3). At spring festivals, people usually have dances, carnivals and other activities to celebrate the end of winter and the coming of spring.

(4). It is important to have festivals and celebrations so we can enjoy life/ be proud of our customs / for get our work for a little while.

(5). The Chinese, Japanese and Mexican festivals of the dead all have customs to honour the dead. The Chinese and Japanese go to clean their ancestors’ graves, and the Mexicans offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. However, there are some differences. The Mexicans eat special food that looks like bones, something the Chinese and Japanese do not do.. 4. Pair work

Based on the reading passage, what do most festivals seem to have in common? Why do you think these things might be important to people everywhere? Talk with your partner and fill in the chart below. Three common things 1 2 3 Reasons why they are important to people everywhere Three common things might be from the following: food, music, entertainment, being with family and friends, dance, lights or fires, remembering events or people Reasons why they are important to people everywhere will vary. 5. Group work

Discuss in pairs which festivals you think are the most important and which are the most fun. Then fill in the chart with your ideas.

Most important Most fun

Type of festival

Example of festival Reasons for your

choice

Answers will vary. 6. Homework

1) Find out useful words and expressions, beautiful sentences and finish the

exercises in Learning about Language accordingly.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

2) Write an introduction of the festival your group have created. 7. Language points:

1) Festival are meant to celebrate important times of years. 节日就是庆祝每年中重要时刻的活动。

(1). mean doing sth.

mean doing sth. 的意思是―意味着（必须要做某事或导致种结果）‖, 其主语通常是指事物的词。 (2). mean to do sth.

mean to do sth. 的意思是―打算或企图做某事‖，其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词，

其过完成式表示―本来打算做某事‖。

(3). mean sb. to do sth.

mean sb. to do sth. 的意思是―打算让某人做某事‖，也可以用于被动结构。 (4). mean 后接名词、副词或从句 mean 后接名词或副词，意为―表示；打算；存心‖等意思；后接that 从句，意为―表

示……‖。

(5). be meant for

该短语的意思是―打算给予；打算作……用‖。

In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.

A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting

2). Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate and what people do at that time. 讨论它们（中国节日）什么时间进行，庆祝的是什么事件，并说出人们那时做什么。 take place 发生；举行① The performance didn’t take place after all.演出终于没有进行。

② Was there anybody passing by when the accident took place?事故发生时，有人路过那里吗？

Great changes ___ in China in the last two decades.

A. have taken place B. took place C. have been taken place D. are happening 3. Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. 世界各地从古时就有各种各样的节日庆典。 ① That kind of question is very difficult to answer. = Questions of that kind are difficult to answer. 那类问题是很难解答的。 ② We sell all kinds of shoes.

= We sell shoes of all kinds. 我们卖各式各样的鞋。

③ You can see different kinds of animals in the zoo.

= You can see animals of different kinds in the zoo. 你在动物园可以看见不同种类的动

4....or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. ......取悦祖先, 使他们得到满足,以为(祖先们)有可能回来帮助他们,也有可能带来危害。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

1) satisfy vt. 满足,使…满意; satisfy sb.

satisfied a. 感到满意的; be satisfied with satisfying a. 令人愉快的

satisfaction n. 满意; to one’s satisfaction satisfactorily ad. 满意地 satisfactory a. 令人满意的

2) hurt, injure, harm, damage, wound的区别与用法

hurt 普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害,也可精神上, 感情上的伤害。 如:The girl hurt herself badly in the accident. 那位女孩在那次事故中伤得很重。 injure比hurt正式, hurt多指伤痛, 而 injure则指损害健康, 成就, 容貌等, 强调功能的损失。

如:He injured his hand while playing basketball. 他在打篮球时手受了伤。

damage主要指对于物的损害,强调对于价值、用途、外观等所造成的损失, 这种损失 或因自然灾害所致, 或因人为造成。如： Several cars were damaged in the accident. 好几辆汽车在事故中损坏了。

wound 指枪伤, 刀伤, 刺伤等皮肉之伤, 是出血的, 严重的伤, 特指战场上受伤, 它可以指 肉体上的伤害, 也可指人们精神上的创伤。如: The bullet wounded his left leg. 子弹打伤了他的左腿。

do harm to sb.=do sb. harm=harm sb.伤害某人 do more harm than good 弊大于利 ①Smoking will do you harm.

Smoking will do more harm to you than good.

②If we solve the problem in this way, it may do more harm than good

5 .For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.

in memory or 纪念。如：

They set up a monument in memory of the soldiers who died in World War II.

6. They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth.

lead…to领往；使得出(结论) lead to通向；引起，导致 ①请把客人领到会客室去。

Please lead the guests to the reception-room. ②你是如何得出这个结论的? What led you to this conclusion? ③条条道路通罗马。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

All roads lead to Rome. The path leads to the village. ④食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。

Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems

7. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. award. n. 奖, 奖品

v. 判给, 授予 award sb. sth. 奖赏某人某物 辨析: award 和reward： award后接双宾语

award sb. a metal 授予某人奖章

reward 奖赏, 给…报酬, 不能接双宾语; reward sb. for sth. 因 …奖赏某人； reward sb. with sth. 用某物酬劳某人

8. The most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring.

最富有生气而有最重要的节日就是告别冬天迎来春天的日子。

look forward to (doing) sth. 意为期待着(做)某事, 其中的to是介词, 而不是动词不定式符号。

Children are looking forward to Spring Festival. 孩子们渴盼着过年。

He’s looking forward to hearing from his pen pal. 他期待着笔友来信。

9. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow. 整个国度处处都是樱花盛开,看上去就像罩上了一层粉红的雪。

as though和as if没有什么区别。as if用得普遍些, 却可引导方式状语从句和表语从句, 其从句谓语常用虚拟语气。 (1) 引导方式状语从句

She acted as though nothing had happened． 她装得好像什么事也没发生过似的。

当从句主语和主句主语一致,从句谓语中又含有动词to be时, 可以把主语和to be一起省去。

He looked about as though (he was) in search of something． 他四处张望, 好像寻找什么。 (2) 引导表语从句

It looks as if it’s going to rain． 看样子天要下雨了。

as though和as if从句用虚拟语气,还是用陈述语气。完全根据具体情况而定。如果从句表示的意思与事实完全相反,或者纯粹是一种假设, 通常用虚拟语气。 The child talks as if she were an adult. 那孩子说话的样子好像她是个大人。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Period 2 Learning about Language

1. Teaching aims

1. To discover and learn to use some useful words and expressions. 2. Get the students to study the use of modal verbs. 2. Difficult points

1. How to use the proper words and expressions in different situations.

2. How to use proper modal verbs according to the concrete and authentic

situations.

3. Important points

1. Key words and expressions: as though, belief, celebration, Christians,

custom , have fun with, origin, religious, admire, feast, harvest, trick, starve, gather, gain, look forward to

2. The meaning and correct use of each pair of modal verbs: can and could, may

and might, will and would, shall and should, must and can’t

Discovering useful words and expressions

1. Suggested answers to exercise 1: religion religious culture cultural produce production educate education celebrate celebration predict prediction danger dangerous nation national humour humourous season seasonal courage courageous origin original 2. Complete the passage below with the words and expressions in the box.

Answer key : celebration , religious, Christians , origin, custom, as though, have fun with , belief 3. Answer key:

look forward to; starving; custom; Gather; admire; Belief; harvests, harvests; feast; tricks; gain, gain

Discovering useful structures

1. Lead-in

T: Look at the picture, the man is carrying a pile of books. So he can carry heavy books.

He wants to enter the room, but he couldn’t open the door by himself. So he is making a request to ask for help from the woman by saying ―Could you open the door, please?‖

(The teacher writes the three sentences on the blackboard. 1.So he can carry heavy books. 2. He couldn’t open the door by himself. 3. Could you open the door, please?)

T: Look at the three modal verbs in each sentence and try to get their meanings.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

S: The modal verbs ―can‖ and ―couldn’t‖ mean one’s ability to do something. They are

similar to ―be able to do something‖.

S: ―could‖ in the third sentence means making a request..

T: Well-done! These are the basic meanings of ―can‖ and ―could‖ , which are quite

familiar to you. Of course, there’re other meanings of them. So today we’ll focus on the five pairs of modal verbs.

2. Explanation of the use of modal verbs 1. can and could

4 表示能力（ability），指有能力做某事，意为“能够”。例如：

注意：表示现在，将来“能够”可用be able to 替换。表示过去“能够”并成功了只能用was/ were able to, 不能用could。例如

My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses. We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.

I talked with her for a long time, and at last I was able to make her believe me.(不能用could)

5 表示请求（request）或允许（permission）。意为“可否”、“可以”。 Could

比can 更有礼貌，在此不是can的过去式。 Can you wait a moment please? Liz, can you do me a favor?

Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station? I wonder if you could help me. (request) ---- Could I use your phone? ----Yes, of course. You can.

Do you think I could borrow your bike. (permission) 6 表示可能性（possibility）

a. can 表示泛指的“可能”， 并非说话者主观认为的可能性，即并非说话者的主观猜测。

Accident can happen to any drunken driver

b.表示说话者主观猜测，只能用与否定句或疑问句中。例如：

It can’t be my father. He is now in England. ----Can it rain tomorrow? ----No, it can’t.

2. may and might

1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于对现在，过去或将来的推测，暗示不确定。

might 不是may的过去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含较多的怀疑。 He may be very busy now. (可能性较大) He might be very busy now. (可能性较小) 2） 表示许可（permission），表示允许别人做某事， 也可征求对方的许可。

He may go now.

We may keep the book for two weeks. 3) 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

May you succeed!

May you have a nice trip! 3. will and would 1）表示意愿

表示愿意做或主动提出做，如意志，愿望或决心等，例如： That bag looks heavy, I’ll help you with it.( offering to do sth)

--- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if you’ve finished with it? --- Of course.. I’ll give it to you this afternoon.(agreement)

Thanks for lending me the money, I’ll pay you back on Friday. (promise) 2） 表示习惯(habit, custom)

This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything. We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories. 3）表示请求（request）， 用于第二人称， would 比will 更委婉。 例如：

will you come this way, please? Would you open the window? 4. shall and should 1）shall 的用法

a. shall 在疑问句中用于第一，第三人称，表示征求对方的意见。

Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month? Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow?

b. shall 用于第二，第三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或

威胁。

You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）

He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(允诺) He shall be punished.(威胁)

2) should 的用法

a. should 表示劝告、建议、命令。

You should go to class right away.

b. should 表示期待，用于表达合理推断（prediction，意为“应该” ），或明显的结果（意为“可能”）且所期待的事几乎是事实。 It is three o’clock, the football game should begin now.

Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.

5. must 与 can’t

must 用来表示“命令”、“推测”等含义。 1）表示规定、指令

表示规定、指令时主要指客观上的法律、条文规定，常常翻译为“应该、必须”之类意思。mustn’t 表示禁止

You must have a passport if you want to go abroad. Drivers mustn’t drive after drinking. 2) 表示主观的命令、禁止

表示主观的命令、禁止时，主要指说话者主观的命令或强烈的劝告。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

You can go out with your friend but you must come back before 11 at night. ----Must I hand in the exercise today? ----No, you needn’t. 3）表示猜测，语气非常肯定，近乎确定的意味，一般用于肯定句，意为肯定……。其否定为can’t，意为不可能…...

You must be ill. I can see it from your face.

He can’t be at home. I saw him in the classroom just now. 3 Summing up

From the demonstration of the modal verbs above, we can find most of them can be used to express certainty, but the degree of them is different. He might be in the classroom. (quite not sure) He may be in the classroom. He could be in the classroom. He should be in the classroom.

He must be in the classroom. (quite sure) 4 Exercises:

Suggested answers to Exercise 1:

1. Most ancient festival would celebrate the end of cold winter…

2. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. 3. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find…

4. … or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. 5. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean grave… 6. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go… 7. … the children might play a trick on them.

8. Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.

9. Harvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events.

10. In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls… 11. Some people might win awards fro their farm produce …

12. At the Spring Festival in China, people … may give children lucky money in red

paper.

13. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets… 14. The country … looks as though it might be covered with pink snow. Suggested answers to Exercise 2: 1. ability, ability, permission, possibility, request 2. permission or request, possibility 3. promise or prediction, past habit, request 4. promise, advice, prediction 5. advice or necessity, guessing, guessing Suggested answers to Exercise 3 Sample dialogue 1: A: Hi, Thomas! Would you like to come to a party on Sunday? 18

Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

B: Yes, I’d love to! Where and when will it be?

A: It will be at my home at three o’clock in the afternoon. B: Thanks! I’ll be there! Should I bring anything?

A: Hmm… Could you bring something to drink? I’ll have plenty to eat. B: Sure! I’d be happy to.

5 Homework

1. Finish exercises on workbook P42. 2. Finish exercises on workbook P43.

3. Choose one of the following situations to create a short dialogue using modal verbs.

Situation A: In a library. Ask the librarian if he can help to find a book relating to

some specific topics, whether they can be renewed or not, and how to do if the books are lost. (―Could you please find…?‖ ―May I …?‖ ―You mustn’t…‖)

Situation B: A doctor gives a patient some advice. (―You should…‖)

Situation C: In a park by a lake. Discuss that one should not destroy the

environment. (―You should…‖, ―You shouldn’t…‖, ―You mustn’t…‖)

Situation D: Requesting an appointment. (―Will you…?‖ ―Shall I …?‖)

Period 3 Listening task and Reading task

(Workbook P41, P45) (Workbook P44)

Teaching goals

1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening contexts.

2. To learn about how the festival Easter began and how to celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language 3. To develop the students’ reading skills, through the reading context Winter Carnival in Quebec, such as skimming, scanning, summarizing, and finding out details. 4. To arouse the students’ interest in festivals, cultures, especially those in the western world.

Important points

1. Information grasping of the listening part. 2. Comprehension of the reading part.

3. Useful words and expressions concerning festivals.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Teaching aid

A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder

Teaching procedures

I. listening (Workbook P41)

T: Hello, boys and girls. Today we are going to see a different festival. In this festival there are colorful eggs. And people dress up and make up. Do you know what festival it is? Ss: No.

T: Well, it is Easter. Do you know something about Easter? Ss: …

T: Held every year at the vernal equinox (春分in late March or early April), Easter is the most important feast in the Christian calendar. It celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ. We would hear a piece of listening material to get more information about Easter. After that let’s write down the main topic of their conversation: (After listening)

(Checking) Suggested answer:

The main topic of the conversation is about the meaning of Easter and some to its traditional customs.

Listen again and take notes to fill in the following chart: EASTER In which season? Who celebrates? The reason for the festival? On which day of the week? What things represent Easter? spring Christians around the world Story about Jesus coming back to life Sunday Hot cross buns, eggs, bunnies, lilies II. Listening task ( Workbook P 45)

Listen to another material for the first time and write the festival name for each picture on P45.

1. Mother’s Day 2. Valentine’s Day

3. Well Dressing Festival 4. Easter

5. Cherry Blossom Festival

Listen again and answer the questions: (Suggested answers)：

1． Going out to enjoy the beautiful cherry blossoms. 2． Flowers, nuts, seeds and other things.

3． Because their clean, white beauty is a reminder of new life.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

4． To show love to someone special. People might give flowers on Father’s Day,

Teacher’s Day or other special days for the same reason. III. Reading task (Workbook P44)

Picture of a snowman: Hey, I’m a snowman. I guess you know it. But have you ever thought of having a carnival in winter. I bet you’ll like it. Now, come with me.

T: So, let’s go together with the snowman to see the winter carnival in Quebec. (on page 44)

First of all, do you know anything about Quebec? (Geography) Quebec is the largest province of eastern Canada; it is three times the size of France and seven times the size of Great Britain. (Language) The official language of Quebec is French; it is the sole Canadian province whose population is mainly French Canadian, and where English is not an official language at the provincial level.(Climate )Quebec's climate is generally temperate, with variations among the regions. Tourism is important throughout the

province during the summer season, and in the winter the Laurentian Mts. attract skiers. And what about the winter carnival in Quebec? Now read the context. Remember there are questions for you.

Q1. Why do you think that dogs are used to pull sleds in cold climates?

Q2. Which activity at the Quebec Carnival do you think would be the most fun?

Why?

Q3. Which activity at the Carnival do you think would be the most dangerous?

Why?

Q4. If you could go to the Quebec Carnival, what would you do and see? Why? Q5. If you had to draw a poster for the Carnival, what things would you put on the

poster?

Q6. What would you wear if you went to the Carnival? Name three things. (after reading) (checking) A1.

Dogs are used in cold climates because they can run on top of the snow, which horses cannot/ because they have very thick fur which keeps them warm. They are also very strong/ do not eat grass and grain as horses and cattle do/ can be fed on meat/ do not eat too much. A2 .

(Students give their own answers). A3.

Probably the canoe race through the ice would be the most dangerous. A4 .

(Students give their own answers). A5 .

(Students give their own answers).

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

A6 .

I would wear a thick / warm coat / jacket / hat / gloves / mittens / boots / underwear / scarf / socks.

Compare what you know about Harbin with Quebec City Harbin Quebec Similarity Ice sculptures Ice sculptures Difference Snowboarding competitions, canoe races, dog-sled races Snow sculptures, skiing, skating and other activities just for fun, but not part of the festival

Homework

Try to find some information dealing with Carnival in different parts of the world.

Period 4 Using language Listening and speaking

Teaching goals

1. To train the students’ listening ability through the listening context.

2. To learn about the Carnival in Trinidad and how people celebrate it so as to enable them to learn more about different cultures while learning different language. 3. To develop the students’ speaking skills, with the help of the sample dialogue. Important points

1. Information grasping of the listening part.

2. Mastery of the words and phrases concerning festivals in daily expression Teaching aid

A computer, a projector, courseware, a tape-recorder

Teaching procedures

I. listening (p6)

T: Hello, boys and girls. Can you have a guess? What are they doing in the pictures? Ss: They are having carnivals.

T: Have you ever seen a real carnival? Ss: No/yes.

T: Let’s enjoy a real carnival in the video. (after the video)

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

T: What would people do in a carnival? Ss: They would dance.

They would go on a parade.

T: Very good. Do you know there is a big and famous carnival in Trinidad every February? Li Mei and Wu Ping are visiting Trinidad and they are getting ready to go to the carnival parade. Listen to the tape and find out what the plans for the parade are. Then answer the question. Part 1:

1. What is wrong with Li Mei’s clothing and shoes?

Li Mei’s clothing is too thick and her shoes are not comfortable enough to walk in for a long time.

2. What advice does Carla give Li Mei?

Carla suggests that Li Mei change her shoes to something more comfortable, wear some lighter and cooler clothing and also take a hat. Part 2:

3. Why is it important for them to have water?

It is important to have water because it is very hot/the temperature is thirty-five degrees/they will be doing a lot of walking and dancing all day/until midnight. 4. Why is it difficult for them to hear each other?

They can’t hear each other because the music is very loud. 5. Why do they plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o’clock?

They plan to meet at the parking lot at 8 o’clock because they might get separated in the crowd.

II. Speaking (p6)

T: Now, Suppose you are Li Mei or Wu Ping.

You have just visited Carla in Trinidad and seen the Carnival. Make a phone call to invite your friends to a Chinese festival. In pairs make a conversation of at least five turns each. Be ready to present your conversation to the class. The expressions on Page 6 below might help you.

T: (Give a sample dialogue to students first).

T: So, now it’s your show time. Get your dialogues ready and present it to the whole class. SA… SB …

Homework

Preview the reading context A Sad Love Story on page 7 and do the relevant exercises thereafter.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Period 5 Using language---reading and writing

Teaching aims:

To introduce a cross-cultural view of lover’s festivals – Qiqiaojie and Valentine’s Day. Train the students’ reading ability.

Enable the students to engage imaginatively in the story and to use their own ideas of changing the ending.

Improve the students’ writing ability. Reading

Teaching procedures 1. Lead-in

T: In the last period, we have learnt many kinds of festivals. Some are set in memory of the dead, some are set in honor of some great people and some are set in celebration of harvest. Do you know the festivals set for lovers?

S: Yes. Qiqiaojie in China and Valentine’s Day in western countries.

T: You are familiar with them. Look at the screen. Can you guess who the two lovers are? S: Maybe they’re the weaving girl and the head boy – Niulang and Zhinv. T: You’re right. Do you know something about them? S: …

T: Then do you know something about Valentine’s Day, which are quite popular in China now? S: …

T: (introduce the origin of Valentine’s Day) Today, we are going to learn a love story. 2. While-reading

T: Go through your text quickly and silently. Then finish the true or false exercises. 1. Hu Jin failed to meet Li Fang at 7:00.(T)

2. If it is raining on Qiqiaojie, it means that Zhinv is weeping and the couple will be

able to meet.(F)

3. Because her most lovely daughter got married to a human secretly, the Goddess

got very angry. (T)

4. Li Fang thought he could get married to Hu Jin, just like Niu Lang and Zhi Nu.(T) 5. When Li Fang met Hu Jin, he felt very glad.(The story didn’t tell us.) T: Read the passage again and answer the following questions one by one. 1. Why was the TV story what Li Fang needed?

The TV story was a sad story about lost love---the same situation as Li Fang. 2. Why do people want the weather to be fine on Qiqiao Festival?

People want the weather to be fine so they can meet the one they love. 3. What more do you know about Qiqiao Festival?

(Answers will vary)

S: Li Fang: Made an appointment with Hu Jin—Waited in the coffee shop—Not met her—Heart-broken; along with…; like a fool—Would not hold his breath for her to

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

apologize(wait without much hope); Would drown his sadness in coffee (drink coffee in order to forget the sadness/sorrow)—Gave up and threw…away—Met Hu Jin without gifts—Felt worried

Hu Jin: Made an appointment with Li Fang—Kept her word but waited in the tea shop—Not turned up in the coffee shop—Waited for him all the time—Met Li Fang with gifts

ENDING?? 3. Post-reading

T: The two love stories happened in two different festivals. What are their similarities and differences? How should we treat Chinese traditional festivals and some western festivals? S: …

T: Nowadays, some people pay more attention to the Valentine’s Day than Qiqiaojie, which was once one of the most popular festivals in ancient China. Anyway, each festival in China has its own tale and meaning. So we should hold on to our own festivals and culture, as well as pass them on from generation to generation. We should never allow some western festivals to take the place of Chinese traditional festivals. Writing

T: Li Fang met Hu Jin after he lost heart and threw away the Valentine’s gifts. To his surprise, Hu Jin kept her word and waited for him in the tea shop all the time! What should he do? What would happen to the two lovers? Please write a different ending to the story of Li Fang, beginning with: As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way…

T: Before writing, you’d better read the story again and then think of what Hu Jin will say when she finds out later that the flowers and chocolates are gone. Then think of an ending to the story that will solve Li Fang’s problem. Will he be happy or sad? Homework: Finish “Summing up” on P8.

Language points:

1. But she didn’t turn up.

1) 来, 出席(某活动)

I’m very happy you turned up so early.

2) 把(收音机等)音量开大一些, 其反义短语是turn down.

Turn up the radio a little, I can scarcely hear the program.

相关短语:

turn down 拒绝 turn off 关掉 turn on 打开

turn out 结果是...... turn to sb. for help 向某人求助

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

2. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. keep one’s word 意为―守信用‖,其反义词是break one’s word, 即―失信‖。 He is a man who always keeps his word.

Don’t break your word, otherwise, no one will trust you.

注意：keep one’s word和break one’s word中的名词word不能用复数形式。 相关短语：

in a word/in short/to be short 简言之；总之 have a word with sb. 与某人谈话

have words with sb. 与某人发生口角 in other words 换句话说 e.g. A gentleman should always __ his __.

A. keeps; word B. keep; word C. keeps; word D. keep; words

3. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave... obvious adj. 明显的，清楚的 1) obvious+ to + 表示人的名词或代词

Her disappointment was obvious to her friend. 2) It + be + obvious +that-clause

It was obvious that she was in danger. 辨析：

obvious/apparent/clear

a. obvious 是三者中程度最强的，含有―一目了然‖ 之意。 It is obvious that you are wrong.

b. apparent 指具有某些明显的迹象的，侧重与经历推理才能看出结果。 It was apparent from his face that he was lying.

c. clear 作―明白的，清楚的‖讲。指不模糊含混，易于观察，了解和识别。 He seems clear about his plans.

4. When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she ...

marry 的用法：

1) 她嫁给了一个律师。

She married with a lawyer. (F) She married a doctor. (T)

表示―和......结婚‖，―嫁......‖，―娶......‖时，marry为及物动词，要用marry sb.，而不用marry with sb. 2) 她和一位律师结婚了。

She got married with a lawyer. (F) She got married a lawyer. (F) She was married to a lawyer. (T)

表示婚姻状态, 后接宾语时要用介词to， 而不用with. 3) 他们结婚三年了。

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

They have married for three years. (F) They have got married for three years. (F) They have been married for three years. (T)

They got married three years ago. (T)

It’s three years since they got married. (T)

注意：marry和get married 都表示短暂行为，不能和表示一段时间的短语连用，而have been married则表示婚姻状态，可以与表示婚姻状态持续多久的时间状语连用。

5. As Li Fang set off for home, he thought...

set off: 动身, 出发; 使（地雷、炸弹）爆炸; 使某物更有吸引力 Tom and his father set off for America yesterday. The bomb set off among the crowd.

A woman’ beauty is set off by her clothes and jewelers. 相关短语：

set about doing sth. 着手（做某事） set in 开始 set up 建立，创立 set down 写下，记下

set somebody to do something. 使某人开始工作

set somebody doing something 使某人处于某种动的状态

6. I don’t want them to remind me of her. remind vi. 提醒，使想起 remind sb. of sth.

remind sb. to do sth. remind sb. that

e.g. What you said just now ____ me of that American professor. A. mentioned B. informed C. reminded D. memorized

Background information

St. Valentine's Story

Saint Valentine is said to have lived in Rome during the third century. That was a long time ago. During this time Rome was ruled by an emperor named Claudius. Many people did not like the ruler.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Claudius was having trouble getting men to serve in his army. He felt many men would not volunteer to join because they did not want to leave their wives and families. He thought that if men were not married, they would join the army. So Claudius passed a

new law which did not allow any more marriages. Most people thought this law was cruel. Valentine, who was a minister, did not support the new law.

Even after Emperor Claudius passed the law, he kept performing marriage ceremonies secretly. One night he was caught and thrown in jail and told he would be put to death. Many young people came to visit Valentine. One was the daughter of the prison guard. On the day of his death Valentine wrote a note to the daughter signed \Valentine\

Some say this started the custom of exchanging love messages on Valentine's Day.

Chinese Valentine’s Day

Raise your head on August 4 and gaze at the stars, you will find something romantic going on in the sky.

Valentine's Day in China, the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, falls on August 4 this year.

That is, on Monday evening, NiuLang and Zhi Nv will meet on a bridge of magpies（鹊桥） across the Milky Way（银河）. Chinese grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on that evening because all the magpies have left to form a bridge in the heavens with their wings.

Romantic legend

The legend has been handed down for nearly 2 millennia. The story has been recorded as far back as the Jin Dynasty (256-420 AD). Poets composed hundreds of verses on the love story and many types of Chinese opera tell the story.

The Chinese people believe that the star Vega（织女星）, east of the Milky Way, is Zhi Nu and, at the constellation of Aquila（天鹰座）, on the western side of the Milky Way, NiuLang waits for his wife.

Zhi Nv was said to be the youngest of seven daughters of the Queen of Heaven. With her sisters, she worked hard to weave beautiful clouds in the sky, while NiuLang was a poor orphan cowherd, driven out of his home by his elder brother and his cruel wife.

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Niu ang lamented over his lonely and poor life with an old cow, his only friend and companion. The magical cow kindly told him of a way to find a beautiful and nice woman as his life companion.

Under the direction of the cow, Niu ang went to the riverside on an evening, where the seven fairies slipped out of their heavenly palace to bathe.

He took one of the beautiful silk dresses the fairies had left on the bank. When the fairies left the water, the youngest couldn't find her clothes and had to see her sisters fly back to heaven without her.

Then Niu Lang came out with the dress and asked the youngest fairy, Zhi Nu, to stay with him.

Several years passed on Earth, which were only a few days in heaven. Niu Lang and Zhi Nu lived happily together and had two children before the Queen of Heaven discovered Zhi Nu's absence.

She was so annoyed she had Zhi Nv brought back to heaven. Seeing his beloved wife flying in the sky, NiuLang was terrified. He caught sight of the cowhide hanging on a wall. The magical cow had told him before dying of old age: \（牛皮） for emergency use.\

Putting the cowhide on, he went after his wife with his two children.

With the help of the cowhide, NiuLang was able to follow Zhi Nv into heaven. He was about to reach his wife when the Queen showed up and pulled off her hairpin to draw a line between the two. The line became the Silver River in heaven or the Milky Way. ZhiNv went back to the heavenly workshop, going on weaving the clouds. But she was so sad, and missed her husband across the Silver River so much that the clouds she weaved seemed sad. Finally, the Queen showed a little mercy, allowing the couple to meet once every year on the Silver River.

Well-known poem

One of the most famous poems about the legend was written by Qin Guan of in the Song Dynasty (960-1279).

Fairy Of The Magpie Bridge 鹊桥仙 （宋 秦观）

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

Among the beautiful clouds, 纤云弄巧 Over the heavenly river, 飞星传恨 Crosses the weaving maiden. 银汉迢迢暗度 A night of rendezvous, 金风玉露一相逢 Across the autumn sky. 便胜却人间无数 Surpasses joy on earth. 柔情似水 Moments of tender love and dream, 佳期如梦

So sad to leave the magpie bridge. 忍顾鹊桥归路 Eternal love between us two, 两情若是久长时 Shall withstand the time apart. 又岂在朝朝暮暮

Compared with love stories in Western legends, the story of NiuLang and Zhi Nu seems not as intense or passionate. Love doesn't kill or break up the barrier between them. They just wait patiently on the riverbank, believing that their love can withstand their time apart.

It is faith and emotional liaison instead of physical attraction and desire that is

emphasized in the story as well as in many other Chinese folktales（民间故事） about love.

In only a few Chinese folk love stories can be found a description of the physical appearances of the hero and heroine.

In the \a classmate. After they have lived together as classmates for years, the hero did not have the slightest clue that his best friend is actually a girl!

Chinese ceremonies

The seventh day of the seventh lunar month is the only Chinese festival devoted to love in the Lunar calendar.

Unlike St. Valentine's Day in Western countries there is not so much emphasis on giving chocolates, flowers and kisses. Instead, Chinese girls prepare fruits, melons and incense（熏香） as offerings to Zhi Nu, the weaving maiden, praying to acquire high skills in needlecraft（裁缝）, as well as hoping to find satisfactory husbands.

In the evening, people sit outdoors to observe the stars. Chinese grannies would say that, if you stand under a grapevine, you can probably overhear what Zhi Nu and Niu Lang are

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Book 3 Unit 1 Festivals around the world

talking about.

Summing up

Write down what you have learned about festivals around the world.

1) How festivals began

2) How people celebrate festivals

From this unit you have also learned

? useful verbs: starve, satisfy, lead, gain, gather, admire, apologize, drown, wipe, weep, forgive

? useful nouns: ancestor, lamp, feast, bone, origin, trick, poet, arrival, independence, custom, award, clothing, fool, sadness

? useful expressions: take place, in memory of , play a trick on, look forward to, day and night, as though, as if, have fun with, keep one’s word, hold one’s breath ? new grammar items: Modal verbs

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