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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

摘 要

单分散交联聚合物微球因其具有良好的耐热和耐溶剂性能、力学性能、吸附性能以及表面活性,在生物医药、电子信息、分析化学、标准计量及环境保护等许多领域有着广阔的应用前景,对其研究与开发受到越来越多的重视。

本论文首先研究分散聚合法制备单分散交联聚苯乙烯微球,采用种

子溶胀法加工工艺,并选择了合理的分散聚合体系,考察不同分散聚合参数,诸如:初始单体浓度、溶胀剂种类、溶胀时间、交联剂浓度等因素对聚合体系稳定性、微球粒径及其分布的影响和变化规律。

根据TGA分析表明,随着温度的升高所制备聚合物微球材料失重比率迅速增加,这是因为加入交联剂的聚苯乙烯微球的分子结构发生了改变,使原来具有线性结构的分子变成的体形分子结构,大大增大了它的热学性能和力学性能,故具有比非交联聚苯乙烯微球较高的热分解温度。采用活性溶胀聚合法成功制得大粒径单分散由的交联聚苯乙烯微球,实验得出以1,2-二氯乙烷为溶胀剂、DOA为助溶胀剂时,制得窄分布且最大粒径为3.195μm的交联聚苯乙烯微球,实验结果也表明己二酸二辛酯具有较好的溶胀效果。

关键词:聚苯乙烯微球;TGA分析;交联聚苯乙烯微球

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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

ABSTRACT

Monodisperse crosslinked polymer microspheres because of its excellent heat and solvent resistance , mechanical properties, adsorption properties and surface activity, biomedicine, electronic information , analytical chemistry, and environmental protection standard measurement in many areas has broad potential applications for its research and development by more and more attention.

In this thesis research dispersion polymerization monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene microspheres , using the method of seed swelling process and choose a reasonable dispersion polymerization system , effects of different dispersion polymerization parameters, such as : the initial monomer concentration , type of swelling agent , swelling time , the crosslinker concentration on the polymerization system stability , particle size and size distribution of and variation .

In the TGA analysis showed that with increasing temperature the preparation of the polymer microspheres rapid weight loss rate , and this is due to the additional crosslinking polystyrene microspheres molecular structure is changed , the original structure of the molecule with a linear the body becomes the molecular structure , which greatly increases its thermal and mechanical properties, it has a ratio of non-crosslinked polystyrene microspheres high thermal decomposition temperature. Using reactive swelling and polymerization successfully prepared by a large monodisperse crosslinked polystyrene microspheres , the experimental results of 1,2 - dichloroethane as the swelling agent , DOA is to help the swelling agent, to obtain a narrow distribution and a maximum particle size of 3.195μm crosslinked polystyrene microspheres , experimental results show that dioctyl adipate having a good swelling results.

Keywords: polystyrene microspheres ; TGA analysis ; crosslinked polystyrene microspheres

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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

目录

1 绪论 ................................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 引言 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 单分散聚合物微球的制备方法 .......................................................................... 2

1.2.1 无皂乳液聚合 ........................................................................................... 3 1.2.2 多步种子聚合 ........................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 玻璃膜乳化法 ........................................................................................... 5 1.3 分散聚合法 ......................................................................................................... 6

1.3.1 分散聚合概述 ........................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 分散聚合机理研究 ................................................................................... 7 1.4 沉淀聚合法 ....................................................................................................... 10 1.5 蒸馏-沉淀聚合法 ............................................................................................... 11 1.6聚合物微球的应用 ............................................................................................. 14 1.7 立题依据 ........................................................................................................... 15 2 结果与讨论 ................................................................................................................ 17

2.1 引言 ................................................................................................................... 17 2.2 实验部分 ........................................................................................................... 19

2.2.1 原料及试剂 ............................................................................................. 19 2.2.2 种子溶胀所需要的装置 ......................................................................... 20 2.2.3聚苯乙烯种子微球的制备 ...................................................................... 20 2.2.4种子球的选取以及定量的制备 .............................................................. 23 2.2.5 溶胀时间对PS微球粒径及偏差的影响 .............................................. 24 2.2.6 溶胀剂种类对PS微球平均粒径及偏差的影响 .................................. 27 2.2.7 单体浓度对聚苯乙烯微球的平均粒径及偏差的影响 ......................... 29 2.2.8 交联剂的不同浓度对PS微球平均粒径及偏差的影响 ...................... 31

3 结论与展望 .................................................................................................................. 34

3.1结论 .................................................................................................................... 34 3.2展望 .................................................................................................................... 34 致谢 .................................................................................................................................. 36 参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... 37

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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

第1章 绪论

1.1 引言

宇宙中存在着无数个像太阳、地球这样的超大球,它们在不停的运动着;体育用品大多做成球形的,如足球、篮球、排球、铅球等,这类球的尺寸大约为分米级(dm)的;用来煮稀饭的小米粒约为毫米级(mm)的,假如把小米粒再缩小几千倍甚至上万倍,就变成了肉眼难以分辨的微球,尺寸为纳米级(10mm)至微米级(10-3mm)。聚合物微球就是指粒径在纳米级至微米级(一般为10-5-10-2mm),形状为球状或其它几何体的聚合物颗粒或聚合物复合颗粒,其形貌也可以是多种多样的,包括实心、空心、多孔、哑铃型、洋葱型等。

粒子尺寸均匀一致、稳定无团聚的聚合物微球被称之为单分散聚合物微球。单分散微米级聚合物微球,因其具有比表面积大、吸附性强,以及表面反应能力等特异性能,作为功能高分子材料,在标准计量、情报信息、分析化学、生物医学、胶体科学及色谱分离等许多科学技术领域有着广泛的用途,尤其是已深入到某些高尖端领域中(如液晶显示、药物及催化剂载体等),因而对这类材料的研究越来越受到重视。

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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

1.2 单分散聚合物微球的制备方法

表1-1聚合物微球的制备方法比较

比较项目

无皂乳 液聚合

单体存在场所

单体液滴,乳胶粒,水相

多步种 子聚合 单体液

玻璃膜 乳化法 颗粒,介

介质,颗粒 分散聚合

沉淀聚合

介质,颗粒

滴,颗粒,质,(少介质

量)

(少量) ,(少量)

反应介质

水或混合溶溶剂

稳定剂 乳化剂 聚合反应前状态 粒径范围(微米) 粒径分散性

分布窄

单分散

分布窄

单分散

单分散

0.5—1.0

1--100

3--100

1--20

1--10

不需要 不需要 多相

需要 需要 二相

水 需要 需要 二相

混合溶剂或有机溶剂 需要 不需要 均相

混合溶剂或有机溶剂 不需要 不需要 均相

制备聚合物微球的传统方法是乳液聚合法和悬浮聚合法,前者只能制备小于0.5μm的颗粒,而后者制成的聚合物颗粒粒径在100μm-1000μm之间且难以控制为单分散性。1955年Vanderhoff和Brodford等人在失重条件下,采用乳液聚合法成功合成了粒径在2μm-30μm的单分散聚苯乙烯微球,为高分子科学的发展开辟了新的研究领域,但是该方法成本太高,无法进行工业化普及生产。此后Vanderhoff采用连续种子聚合,Ugelstad采用两步溶胀法分别合成了1μm-10μm的聚合物微球,但是步骤冗长,操作不便。无皂或低皂乳液聚合能够制备粒径接近1微米的单分散聚合物微球,但对许多应用来说,粒径仍然太小。70年代以来,国外学者为获得粒径在

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河南理工大学万方科技学院毕业论文

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