七年级英语名词

专题一 名词 知识点拨

名词是用来表示人名,食物名称,时间,地点和抽象概念等的一类词,虽然在汉语中的名词在含以上是相同的,但是他们的语法特点却有着巨大的差别.

? 知识点一：名词的分类

专有 名词 普通 名词 不可数名词 复合 名词 可数名词 个体 名词 集体 名词 物质 名词 抽象 名词 friend 朋友 suitcase 手提箱 superman 超人 audience 观众 crew 全体船员 team 队 wool 羊毛 beef 牛肉 honey 蜂蜜 wealth 财富 courage 勇气 ability 能力 The Bible《圣经》 Mt. Fuji富士山 Snowfall 降雪量 updraft 上升气流

? 知识点二：名词的数

能用来数字计数的名词是可数名词，不能用具体数字的名词是不可数名词。

1. 可数名词的数

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词可与不定式a\\an连用。不可数名

词没有单复数之分，也不能和a\\an连用。

单数变复数的规则变化

规则 1 一般情况在词尾加-s 例词 map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls box-boxes, 2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加class-classes, -es watch-watches, dish-dishes 变-f和-fe为v再加leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, 以-f或-fe结3 尾的词 -es 加-s loaf-loaves, wife-wives belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs family-families, 4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，party-parties, 变y为i加-es 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，story-stories, city-cities 5 或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s 以辅音字母一般加-es 6 加-o结尾的名词 不少外来词加-s 两者皆可 toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, hero-heroes,potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes piano-pianos, photo-photos zero-zeros/zeroes, bamboo-bamboos, 7

以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加radio-radios, -s zoo-zoos 单数变复数的不规则变化

规则 例词 woman-women, foot-feet, 1 改变名词中的元音字母或man-men, 其他形式 goose-geese, mouse-mice 2 单复数相同 sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin, ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents 3 只有复数形式 一些集体名词总是用作复4 数 部分集体名词既可以作单people, police, cattle, staff audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, 5 数（整体）也可以作复数committee, government, population, crew, （成员） team, public, enemy, party customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), 6 复数形式表示特别含义 papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) 加-s 表示7 ―某国以-man或-woman结人‖ 尾的改-men,-women 将主体名词变为复sons-in-law, 数 合成8 名词 后一部分变为复数 将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants

无主体名词时将最grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches lookers-on, passers-by, 为Englishmen, Frenchwomen 单复数同形 Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese story-tellers, boy friends 考点

例:At night the koala bear gets up and eats___________．[广元] A．1eaf

B．1eaves

C． leafs

不可数名词的数

英语中不可数名词的形式比较复杂，在不同的语境下，有些不可数名词表示不同的概念，从而表现出可数与不可数的区别。

（1）常见的不可数名词：不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词.

BBC the West Lake milk light Happiness Progress 专有名词 物质名词 抽象名词

（2）:不可数名词如果一定要表示单数或复数形式时，要借助于可数名词，构成of结构。

a cup of tea 一杯茶

two cups of tea 两杯茶

a piece of bread 一块面包

four pieces of bread 四块面包

(3):可以修饰不可数名词的词和短语：

a little 有一些 little 几乎没有 a bit of 有一点

much 很多 some\\ any 一些

考点

例: ―Would you like some drinks, boys?[ 河北] ―Yes, ____ please.

A.some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D.two bottles of orange

? 知识点三：名词的格

名词的格分为主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格相同，一般就是名词本身。名词

的所有格是表示名词的所属关系的形式，名词所有格的构成有’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式。

（1）’s所有格：‘s所有格形式在英语中是构成名词所有关系时最常用的形式。

‘s所有格的构成

构成 读音 示例 Dick’s hobby迪克的爱好 一般情况下在名词在清辅音后读[s] 词尾加’s Philip’s part-time job菲利浦的兼职工作 在浊辅音或元音后读[z] Mary’s wishes玛丽的心愿 Bob’s backpack鲍勃的背包 在素后读 等音the bus’s mirror公共汽车的镜子，Marx’s advice on how to study English马克思关于如何学习英语的建议 若名词已有以-s或保持原单词的读音不变 -es结尾的复数词these factories’ workers这些工厂的工人们 尾，直接在其后加撇my parents’ hope我父母的希望

号’ 不以-s结尾的复数与名词复数词尾的读音相children’s time孩子们的时间 名词直接在其后加’s 同 men’s clothes男子服装

(2)’s所有格形式的特殊用法

①两人或多人共有一样东西时，只变化最后一个名词的词尾，如果为各自所有，各个名词的词尾都要变化。

John and Susan’s father 约翰和苏珊的父亲（两个人共同的父亲）

请比较：John's and Susan's fathers.（两个人的不同的父亲）

North Korea’s, Japan’s and America’s problems (朝鲜、日本和美国各自的问题

②表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象、拟人等无生命的名词的所有格也有’s的式

表示时间：two days’ trip 两天的旅行

today’s newspaper 今天的报纸

表示距离：two hours’ walk 两小时的徒步路程

ten minutes’ drive 十分钟的车程

表示国家：China’s weather 中国的天气

South Korea’s problems 韩国

考点

例: 1、_________fathers are both scientists．[ 咸宁]

A．Jim's and Bob B．Jim's and Bob's C．Jim and Bob's D．Jim and Bob 2、_____room is big and bright．They like it very much． [河北]

A．Tom and Sam B．Tom's find Sam C．Tom and Sam's D．Tom's and Sam's

? 知识点四：相关考点

名词的可数与不可数性。

名词单复数在特定情况下的使用。 名词的普通格与所有格作定语的选用。 物质名词、抽象名词具体化。

课外拓展

Is that bag heavy, Penny? Not very Here!

Put it on this chair What's in it? A piece of cheese A loaf of bread A bar of soap A bar of Chocolate A bottle of milk A pound of sugar Half a pound of coffee A quarter of pound of tea And a tin of tobacco Is that tin of tobacco for me? Well, it's certainly not for me!

词汇短语拓展

A glass of water two cups of tea a piece of paper

Five bows of ricce few/a few littel/a little

Many/much a lot of/lots of a number of/the number of Some/any

练习题

I. 写出下列名词的复数形式：

1. house _________ 2. village ___________ 3. map __________ 4. orange _________ 5. bag ___________ 6. exercise ___________ 7. brush __________ 8. family ___________ 9. bus ___________ 10. city __________ 11. box ___________ 12. baby __________ 13. class __________ 14. factory _________ 15. glass __________ 16. dictionary __________ 17. watch _________ 18. woman _________ 19. match __________ 20. man _________ 21. wish __________ 22. German __________ 23. tomato _________ 24. policeman ___________ 25. kilo __________ 26. human _________ 27. potato ___________ 28. Chinese __________ 29. shelf __________ 30. Japanese __________ 31. leaf ___________ 32. American __________33. life ___________ 34. tooth __________ 35. wife ___________ Ⅳ. 选择填空：

1. I want to buy ________.

A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of inks

2. They don’t have to do _______ today.

A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks

3. There are three ______ and seven ______ in the picture.

A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _______.

A. children’s day B. children’s Day C. Children’s Day D. Children’s day

5. ______ room is next to their parents’.

A. Kate’s and Joan’s B. Kate’s and Joan C. Kate and Joan’s D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _______.

A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mother’s of Mary 7. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.

A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. I’d like to have a glass of milk and _______. A.

two

breads

B.

two

pieces

of

breads

C.

two

pieces

of

bread

D. two piece of bread

9. Many ______ are singing over there.

A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _______.

A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White has three _______.

A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens

12. ---Are these ______? --- No, they aren’t. They’re _______.

A. sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many ______ in the fridge.

A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. --- Whose room is this? --- It’s _______.

A. Li Ming B. Li Ming’s C. Li Mings D. Li Mings’ 15. Here are ______ for you, Sue.

A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best ______ for her.

A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.

A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. What’s the Chinese for ― PRC‖?

A. 中国人民解放军 B. 中华人民共和国 C. 联合国 D. 中国共产党 19. ______ room is on the 5th floor.

A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’ C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s 20. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.

A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 21. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.

A. house, glass B. house, glasses C. houses, glass D. houses, glasses 22. I met some ______ in the park and talked with them the other day.

A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 23. There are two ______ in the room.

A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves

24. There are seven ______ in a week.

A. years B. months C. days D. minutes 25. My father is a ______. He works in a hospital.

A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 26. --- Excuse me, are you ______? --- Yes, I’m from ________.

A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America

专题二 代词

代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等

第一讲：人称代词 、物主代词、反身代词

知识点拨

? 知识点一：人称代词的用法

1、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。

第三人称第第第第一人 单数 一二二人 人人第三人称阳阴中称单称称称复数 单性 性 性 数 复复数 数 数 主 格 I (我) you (你) he (他) she (她) it (它) we (我们) you (你们) they (他们,她们,它们)

（1）、主格用来 作句子的主语、表语。

如： I often go 宾 格 me (我) you (你) him (他) her (她) it (她) us (我们) you (你们) them (他们,她们,它们) shopping on Sundays Are they from Brazil? （2）、宾格用来做及物动词或者介词的宾语。

如：Who teaches you English this year? Help me! （3）、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾

格形式,口语中大多用宾格。 如：--Who is it? –It’s I/me.(是我。)

（4）、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含―我‖时,按照―you→he→I‖的顺序表达。如：

如: Both he and I are working at that computer company. –Who will go there?

–You and me.(你和我)

（5)、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示―时间、天气、温度、距离、情况‖等含义,

此外还可以作―非人称代词‖使用,替代做主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。

如： --What’s the weather like today? —It’s fine. 考点

例1： Though it rained heavily, _______ were still playing on the playground.

A. they B. them C. their D. themselves

例2：Tom and _______ will go to see our teacher, for ________ is ill.

A. I; she B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her

? 知识点二：物主代词的用法

物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。

第第一人 二人 称称单单数 数 my (我的) your (你的) 第三人称单数 第一第二人称阳性 阴性 中性 人称复 复数 数 复数 第三人称形容 词性 his (他的) her (她的) its (它的) our (我们的) your (你们的) their (他们的,她们的,它们的) 名词 mine (我Yours (你的) his (他的) hers (她的) its (她的) ours (我们的) yours theirs(他们的,她们的,它们(你的) 们性 的) 的) （1)、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。

如：Is that your umbrella? They are their books。

(2)、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地做主语、宾语

或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。 如：This is your cup, but where is mine) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small. (3)、―of + 名词性物主代词‖称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。

如：A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。) 考点

例1： Sorry I have forgot _______ telephone number.

A. yours B. him C. you D. his

例2： Our room is big, but________ is bigger than________.

A. their; our B. their; ours C. theirs; ours D. theirs; our

? 知识点三：反身代词的用法

反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。

第第一人 二人 称称单单数 数 myself (我自己) yourself (你自己) 第单三数 人称第一人阳性 阴性 中性 称复数 第二人称复数 第三人称复数 himself (他自己) herself (她自己) itself (它自己) ourselves (我们自己) yourselves (你们自己) themselves (他们/她们/它们自己) (1)、反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。

如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself (2)、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。 如：The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well. 考点

例1： Let Tony do it by______. He is no longer a kid

A. him B. his C. himself D. he

例2：You are twelve now. _____ must look after_____.

A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. You're; yourself

课外拓展

Some students think taking notes by hand is too tiring. So they use digital cameras to take pictures of the 11 that their teachers write on blackboards. Some even use digital recorders to

record 12 teachers say in class. The kids are smart to 13 technology. They might think there are too many notes to take. They might think that teachers write too fast. Anyway, they are trying to find ways to make things 14 .

But do digital cameras or recorders really make taking notes easier?

Not really. Before you 15 the notes from digital cameras, there are a lot of things to do. You have to find a computer to download the photos. You have to 16 a printer to print the photos out on paper.

To listen to the 17 from a digital recorder is even harder. There is usually noise with the sound. You will have to listen to it several times 18 you really make everything clear. Actually, taking notes 19 hand can help you remember and understand what you are learning. In order to 20 time in taking notes, you can choose the most important things or what puzzles you. You don't have to write everything.

Don't be afraid of taking notes by hand. Try to learn a really effective way.

( )11.A. words B. notes C. hands D. problems ( )12. A. that B. which C. what D. how

( )13. A. make use of B. come up with C. get on with D. look down on ( )14. A. harder B. easier C. more D. less ( )15. A. read B. say C. look D. watch ( )16. A. find B. found C. finding D. finds ( )17. A. noise B. sounds C. voices D. photos ( )18. A. before B. after C. while D. when ( )19. A. in B. on C. at D. by ( )20. A. keep B. have C. run D. save

词汇短语拓展

5.get up起床 I always get up at 7:00.

6.keep sth +adj. 保持某物的……. Keep the floor clean keep the room tidy 7.be absent(from)缺席

I was absent from school yesterday. 8.on the/one’s way to 在去……的路上

On the way home (to school),I met an old friend. On the train to在去……的火车上 9.lose one’s way 迷路=be lost I lost my way .=I was lost 10.say to oneself 自言自语 ―I can win‖ I said to myself 11.put sth into 把……放到…… I put some money into my pocket . I put some books into my bag . 12. take out取出

He took out a note book and wrote them down , 13. put on your coat 穿上 take off your shoes 脱掉 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉

练习题

（ ） 1.Only_________know it.

A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you

( ) 2. I saw ________ playing in the street at that time.

A. them B. they C. their D. theirs ( ) 3.Jim will give _________ a short talk tomorrow.

A. we B. us C. our D. ours ( ) 4.The pen is hers. Pass it to_________, please.

A. her B. she C. hers D. herse （ ）5.The bird built_______ nest in the tree.

A. it's B. her's C. hers D. its ( ) 6. Have you seen______pen, a black one?

A. these B. my C. you D. hers ( ) 7. They aren't our books. Are they____?

A. your B. his C. her D. their （ ）8.We ______ at the party last Sunday.

A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves C. enjoy myself

D. enjoyed ourself

第二讲：指示代词、不定代词

知识点拨

? 知识点一：指示代词用法

指示代词： 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

单数 复数 含义 this(这个) these(这指较近的人和物 些) that(那个) those(那指较远的人和物 些) such (这样的人/物) 指上文提过的人和物 same (同样的人/物) 指和上文提过的相同的人和物 it (这人/这物) 指不太清楚是谁或者是什么时 指示代词既可以单独使用做句子的主语、宾语或表语,也可以作定语修饰名词。如：This is my friend, Amy. (作主语)

I have no doubt about that.（作宾语） What I want to stress is this. (作表语) This house is for rent. (作定语)

考点

---look! Do you know____man under the tree?

---Sorry. It’s too far to see ____ clearly. A. this; him B. that；his B. this; her D that; hi

? 知识点二：不定代词用法

不定代词：不指名指代某个人，某个事情，某些人，某些事情的代词叫不定代词。

? some和 any 的用法：

不定代词 用法 一般用于肯定句中,意思是―几个‖、―一些‖、―某个‖作定语时可修饰可some 数名词或不可数名词 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，―一any 些‖ 用于肯定句中，意思是―任何的‖ Come here with any friend. They didn’t have any friends here. Would sugar? you like 句法功能 例句 I have some work to do today. 定语，宾语，主语 some coffee with ? no和none的用法： 不定代词 用法 句法功能 例句 There is no time left. Please hurry 是―没有‖,修饰可no 数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。 none意思是―没有只能独立使用,在None of them is/are in the classroom. 一个人(或事物)‖,句子中可作主语、I have many books, 表示复数或单数 ? all和both的用法：

不定代词 用法 all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或all 修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。 both指两个人或both 物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。 ? every和each用法：

不定代词 every 用法 不可单独使用 句法功能 仅作形容词 例句 Every one of the Would you like this one or that one? –Both. all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等 句法功能 例句 I know all of the four school. British students in their 宾语和表语, but none is interesting. up.They had no reading books to lend. no是形容词,意思只能作定语 none

着重全体 用于三者或三者以上的每一个人或物 可单独使用 着重个别 each 用于两者或两者以上的每一个人或物 ? either和neither的用法：

不定代词 用法 意思是―两个中间either 的任何一个‖ 主语、宾语和定语neither是either的neither 否定形式,意思是―两个都不‖ ? other、the other和another的用法：

不定代词 用法 意思是―另一‖、―另other 一些‖,加单数或复数名词 the other ―另一个‖ 主语，宾语,定语 在句子中做定语 句法功能 等,都用作单数 句法功能 作形容词、代名词 students in his class studies very hard. hey are very busy. Each of them has something to do. 例句 I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. --Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. 例句 Where are his other books? This is one of your socks. Where is the other one? 主语,宾语 others指―剩余的others 人/物‖(指大部分) Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking. the others指―其余the others 的人/物‖,(指全部) 宾语，定语 主语,宾语 Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them. another 另外的,再一,又一 Do you really want another one? ? many和much的用法：

不定代词 用法 意思是―很多‖,与many 可数名词复数连在句中可作主语、用 宾语和定语等 意思是―很多‖,与much 不可数名词连用 ? few、little、a few、a little的用法：

不定代词 用法 修饰可数名词，用于否few 定句 修饰可数名词，用于肯a few 定句 修饰不可数名词，用于little 否定句 He is very poor and he has little money 定语 句法功能 例句 In that polar region there people. You can get a few sweets from him. live few They haven’t got much work to do. I don’t have many friends here. 句法功能 例句 修饰不可数名词，用于a little 肯定句 ? 复合不定代词的用法

Don’t worry. There is still a little time left. somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。

不定代词 somebody, something, someone 主语，宾语 anything, anybody,anyone ? 修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。 ? one与ones的用法

不定代词 用法 用来代替上文的一个或one 多个人或事物,前面可主语，宾语 以加冠词、形容词、指ones 示代词、which等 句法功能 例句 Which jacket would you like, this one or that one? I don’t like the green ones 一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中 一般用于肯定句中 用法 句法功能 例句 Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door. Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday? ? so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。 例： I don’t think so.

? a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的用法

不定代词 a lot of 用法 句法功能 例句 既可以修饰不可数名词五个―名词+A lot of people think 也可以修饰可数名词的介词‖短语都that time is money. lots of 复数形式,可以相应地表示―大量,换为much和many 许多‖,(或)；既可以修饰不可数名词―足够、大plenty of 也可以修饰可数名词的量‖, 复数形式。 只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a number of / large numbers of a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。 ? none、no one、nobody的用法

不定代词 用法 句法功能 做定语 I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time. I have a number of letters today. I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping. to write 例句 No one knows how no one 都表示―没有人‖,仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作 主语， 宾语 表语 he managed to get the ticket. Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. None of my friends came to see me that nobody 主语时谓语用单数形式 none 表示―没有一个人/物‖,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数 考点 例：

1. ——I prefer speaking to listening in English learning. ——Oh, really! I think you should be good at of them. A. both B. neither C. some D. all 2. Is there in today's newspaper? A. special something B. special anything C. something special D. anything special

day. 课外拓展

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中， 选择最佳选项。

Mr. and Mrs. Brown lived in a small house near London with their child. Sometimes Mr. Brown came 34 from his work very late when his wife and the child were asleep. Then he usually 35 the front door of his house with his key and came in very 36 . He didn’t want to trouble them. But one night when he was coming home late, he lost his 37 . So he reached his home, he 38 the bell, but nothing happened. He rang it again. Again nothing happened— 39 moved inside the house. Mr. Brown knocked at the bedroom windows, he spoke to his wife, he shouted, 40 she didn’t wake up. At last he stopped and 41 for a few seconds. He had a good 42 . Then he began to speak like a small child, ―Mother!‖ he said, ― I want to go to the toilet!‖ He spoke quite quietly but at once 43 woke up. Then he spoke to her, and she opened the door for him. ( ) 34. A. up B. back ( ) 35.A. opened ( ) 37. A. bike ( ) 38. A. rang ( ) 40. A. and

C. to

B. closed C. made B. car C. key B. knocked B. but

C. opened C. or C. nobody

( ) 36. A. quickly B. quietly C. quiet

( ) 39. A. somebody B. anybody

( ) 41. A. sang B. cried C. thought

( ) 42. A. idea B. plan C. hope

C. the child

( ) 43. A. Mr. Brown B. Mrs. Brown

词汇短语拓展

14. be afraid of sth 害怕 I am afraid of dog . be afraid (that)+宾从 恐怕…… I am afraid that it will rain tomorrow . I’m afraid that I can’t do it . 15.buy sth for sb 为某人买某物 I bought a present for you .

buy sth from sb 从某人那买某物 She bought a tie from Tony . 16.hundreds of 数以百计 thousands of 数以千计. 17．Be in fashion 时髦 Jeans are always in fashion. Be out of fashion 过时Skirts are out of fashion this year .

练习题

( ) 1. There is not ______ meat in my bowl. There is _______ chicken in it.

A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some

( ) 2. Could you do______for me, please?

A. everything B. nothing C. something D. anything

( ) 3. The bottle is empty. There is______ in it.

A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

( ) 4. —Did you find ______ in the room? —No, we found ______ there.

A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody

( ) 5. —Are these two books interesting? —Yes, ________ of them are interesting.

A. both B. all C. either D. neither

( ) 6. He couldn't make himself understood because _______ of us knew what he said.

A. none B. no C. nobody D. not

( ) 7. _____ of them is good at singing.

A. Both B. All C. No one D. Neither ( ) 8. She can speak _______ English now.

A. a little B. a few C. many D. few

( ) 9. Hurry up! There is________ time left.

A. few B. a few C. little D. a little

( ) 10.Harry Potter is so interesting a book that lots of teenagers like to read ________. A. it B. this C. that D. one ( )11. —Your watch is quite nice. Where did you buy ________?

—In Shanghai. Do you want to have ________ like this? A. it; one B. it; it C. one; it D. one; one ( )12.Most young people find ________ exciting to watch a football match. A. it B. this C. that D. one

第三讲：疑问代词、关系代词、相互代词

知识点拨

? 知识点一：疑问代词的用法

? 概念：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。 ? 用法

疑问代词 用法 只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或who 和whom Who(m) did you invite to your birthday 例句 动词的宾语,whomparty? 只能作谓语动词的宾语 既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾What does she want to be when she grows what、which、whose up? 语,也可以与名词What colour are their hats? 构成疑问短语 which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问 考点

—_______ is that man over there? —He is Dick’s uncle. A. Where B. What C. Who D. Which

People there live a very sad life. →Which people live a sad life? ? 知识点二：关系代词

? 概念

关系代词：用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

? 知识点三：相互代词

? 概念

表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one another是相互代词,译成―互相‖,可以通用。 ? 用法

相互代词 用法 句法功能 例句 We must help each each other 表示两者之间 宾语 other when we are in trouble. They one another 表示许多人之间 宾语 sat there without talking to one another / each other. 考点

people usually put small presents in ____ stocking on Christmas Eve.

A. each other B. each others C. each other's D. each others'

知识点四：相关考点 课外拓展

Several years ago I studied in a university in the biggest city in our country. It’s beautiful but it’s hot in __1__. So I usually returned to my hometown when my __2__ began. It is not big, but it’s cool and quiet. I could __3__ in the daytime and have a good sleep at night. One day I had some __4__ to solve. But I didn’t take the dictionaries home. My father told me Charlie, one of my __5__, had a good library. I went to his house at once. We didn’t see each other after I __6__ middle school. At first he didn’t recognize me. He __7__ me up and down. And then he called out, ―Oh, dear! It’s you, Fred!‖

Of course we were __8__ to meet each other again and talked a lot about our schoolmates and __9__. Later on he showed me around his library. It wasn’t big but there were a lot of nice books in it. And the dictionaries I __10__ were in them too. At last I said, ―__11__ you lend some dictionaries to me, please?‖

―I’m sorry I don’t lend any books to __12__,‖ said the young man. ―Are you afraid I’ll __13__ them?‖

―No, I’m not. I’m afraid you won’t __14__ them to me. Look! All the books are not __15__, but borrowed!‖ 1. A. spring 3. A. study 4. A. words

B. summer C. autumn D. winter

C. rest

D. run

D. classmates

D. pulled

2. A. birthday B. Saturday C. Sunday D. holiday

B. play

B. sentences C. problems D. stories

C. aunts C. looked C. saw

D. met

5. A. brothers B. sisters 6. A. finished B. heard 7. A. lifted 8. A. angry 9. A. doctors 11. A. Need

B. carried B. happy

C. worried D. sad

D. looked at D. Can

B. teachers C. workers D. drivers

C. wrote C. May

10. A. looked for B. read

B. Must

12. A. other 13. A. lose 14. A. pay 15. A. made

B. the other C. others B. sell B. return B. picked

C. throw

D. another D. know D. look after D. bought

C. use C. won

词汇短语拓展

till (until )

I can arrive till(until)3:00 this afternoom. Not ……until

I didn’t finish my homework until 10:00 in the evening . 19.a lot of water（不可数）oranges （可数） many apples （可数）much meat （不可数） plenty of time（不可数）/tomatoes（可数） 20.not ……at all 根本不 I don’t know her at all .

I don’t want to talk with him at all .

21.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner /a meal /a swim/ a bath /a lesson/a holiday/a good time .

练习题

1. -___ pencils are these? -They are theirs.

A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These 2. ___ house is being repaired?

A. hat B. Where C. Who D. Whose

3. Please find out ____ he is looking after at home. A. who B. which C. whom D. when 4. ____ do you think you should help?

A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom 5.He told me ___ he was sent for. A. whom B. that C. both D. where

第四讲：It做代词的特殊用法、代词总复习

知识点拨

? It的用法

用法 代替人或者物 时间、天气、温度、距离、情it 况 还可以作―非人称代词‖使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 考点

形式主语 句法功能 主语，宾语 例句 I like it. —What’s 主语，宾语 weather the like today?—It’s fine. It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space. 课外拓展

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中， 选择最佳选项。

Florence Nightingale was born in 1820 in Italy. Her family was very 34 . She wanted to 35 other people，so she became a 36 . She studied and worked very hard. When the war(战争) 37 in 1854, she went to the front(前线) with 38 other nurses.

She found that things were much 38 than she thought. She used her own money to 39 food, beds, books and some other necessary things. The sick soldiers（战士） 40 her very much. She became a very 41 nurse. She worked as a nurse for the rest of her life and 42 a lot of sick people. She died in 1910. She was a kind lady. People will never 43 her. ( ) 34. A. poor ( ) 35. A. help ( ) 37. A. started ( ) 39. A. buy ( ) 40. A. knew ( ) 42. A. heard

B. rich

C. happy

C. visit C. nurse C. easier

B. hurt

( ) 36. A. teacher ( ) 38. A. better

B. doctor B. worse

B. ended B. make B. hated B. got

C. closed C. sell C. loved

C. unfriendly C. helped

( ) 41. A. beautiful B. famous

( ) 43. A. remember B. forget

C. miss

词汇短语拓展

22.be ready for sth 准备好 I’m ready for dinner . be ready to do sth 准备好做某事 She is ready to go out . 23.Iet sb do sth 让某人做某事 Let’s go to school at once . Let her go out . 24.have been to 到过 I have never been to shanghai 25.all the time 一直

26.take/bring sb to +地点 带某人去（来）某地 take /bring sth to sb 带走来某物给某人 27.have a try试一试 try to do sth 试图做某事 try one’s best to do sth 尽全力做某事

练习题

专题三 数词

知识点拨

? 知识点一：数词的概念

表示数目和顺序的词叫数词。数词可分为基数词和序数词两种.

? 知识点二：基数词

（一）基数词

基数词用来表示数目，或者说表示数量的词叫基数词。 （二）、基数词的用法 用法 基数词的复数形式表示大量的数目。 1．基数词的复数形式表示大量的数目。

在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在词尾加-s。 例如：

two hundred students 二百个学生 five thousand years 五千年

2．基数词的复数形式表示大量的 的数目，在这种情况下，表示单位的基数词词尾加-s，要与of短语连用。

3．基数词在句中的作用

基数词的作用相当于名词和形容词，它在句子中可充当主语，宾语，表语和定语。

基数词在句子的成分 例句 主语 宾语 表语 定语 考点

Every year, _____ people go to visit their factory

Three and five is eight. How many oranges do you want? I want eight. Three and five is eight. There are eight boats in the lake. A. a thousand of B thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of

? 知识点三：序数词

(一) 序数词

表示顺序的词，叫序数词。序数词用来表示数词顺序。除特殊情况外，序数词一般都由相应的基数词加后缀-th构成。 请见下表：

第一到第十 第十一到第十九 第二十以上 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 说明：

1．英语中表示第一、第二、第三的序数词属特殊形式，要注意它们的拼写。 2．表示―几十‖的序数词通常是将基数词词尾y变成i再加上后缀-eth。

3．其余的二位数序数词是以相应的整十基数词加个位序数词。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。 4．少数序数词拼法不规则，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。

注意：

1．序数词可缩写为阿拉伯数字加序数词最后两个字母。

例如：

第一：(the) first=1 st 第二：(the) second=2 nd

eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth hundredth thousandth 第三：(the) third=3 rd 第五：(the) fifth=5th

第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st

2．编了号的事物要用基数词表示顺序，但是基数词要后置。

例如：

第一课：Lesson One 第三十二页：Page 32 第305房间：Room 305 第12路公共汽车：Bas No.12 (二) 序数词的用法

序数词和基数词一样，也能起名词或形容词作用，在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。 序数词在句中的成分 主语 宾语 表语 定语 考点

例句 The first is bigger than the second. Give me the first She’s often the first to go to school. We’re going to learn the eighth lesson. 1.We will have the ___ celebration for the return of Hong Kong. (nine) 2.The students from America live on the ____ floor. (nine)

? 知识点四：数词的应用

年、月、日和时间的表达法

年份用基数词表达，分两位一读，年份前用介词1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2000 two thousand

in。 月份的第一个字母要大写，有些月份名称有缩写一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 形式 日期的表达要用序数词，读时前面要加定冠词在6月1日：on June 1 st 读作：on June the first the,介词要使用on （注：年、月、日同时表达时，一般应先写月、日、后写年。 例:在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。） 年代用基数词的复数表示。 20世纪90年代：nineteen nineties 21世纪20年代：twenty twenties 时间表达法：时间可用顺读法或倒读法两种方式表达

6．分数的表达法

5：00 five (o’clock) 6：18 six eighteen eighteen past six 分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于1时，1/3:one third 2/7:two sevenths 分母用复数。 小数的读法：小数点前面的数按照基数词的读0.38 zero point three eight 96.89 ninety-six point eight nine 法，小数点后面的数按照数本身读，小数点读 point。 百分数，在数词后加percent。 15%读作：fifteen percent 60%读作：sixty percent 表示倍数

…几倍大小（长短，数量）=…几倍（或分数）The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon. +the size(length, amount) …比…几倍=…倍数（或分数）+形容词（副词）His house is three times bigger than mine. 比较级+than+被比部分 …是…倍=…倍数（或分数）+as +形容词+as +This factory is four times as big as that one. 被比部分 考点

1.There are ______________(hundred)of people dancing at the square after supper. 2. Two ___ (three) of the boys in my class are in the school football team.

课外拓展

Where is love? How can we meet love ? Once a little girl wanted to 34__ love. She knew it was a long 35_to where love lived, so she got food and drinks ready for the journey and started off. When she passed three streets , she saw an old man 36 in a chair and watching some trees. He looked very 37 . The little girl gave him a bag of cake. He took it and 38 at her . The smile was so beautiful that she wanted to 39 it again, so she gave the old man a Coke. Once again he smiled. The little girl was very happy. They sat there all the afternoon, eating and smiling, but they said nothing.

When it got 40 the girl decided to leave. But before she went away, she turned around, ran back to the old man and gave him a hug. The man gave her his biggest smile. When the girl opened the door of her house, her mother was 41 by the look of joy on her face and asked what made her so happy.― I had lunch with love. He has got the most beautiful smile in the world. ‖ At the same time, at the old man’s house, his son was also surprised at his father’s joy and asked why. ― I 42__ a cake with love,‖ he said, ― and she is much 43 than I expected（期望）.‖ ( ) 34. A. give B. like C. find ( ) 35. A. life B .time C. way ( ) 36. A. sitting B .standing C. lying ( ) 37.A.tired B. poor C. hungry ( ) 38.A.laughed B. smiled C. looked ( ) 39.A.feel B .hear C. see ( ) 40.A.cold B. late C. dark ( ) 41.A. moved B. excited C. surprised ( ) 42.A.ate B. bought C. made ( ) 43.A.older B. nicer C. shorter

词汇短语拓展 1、one, first

(1) one by one 一个接一个

Students went out of the classroom one by one as soon as the bell rang. 下课铃一响，学生们一个个从教室里走出来。

(2) at one 一致 Their opinion is at one. 他们的意见一致。 (3) in one 合为一体

It's a book of English phonetics，grammar and usage in one. 这是一本英语语音、语法和习惯用语结合为一体的书。 (4) one another 互相 We should help one another． 我们应该互相帮助。 (5).one to one 一比一

Neither of them won，one to one. 他俩没一个赢，而是一比一 (6) first off 首先；马上；立刻 They come to our office first off． 他们马上就要到我们办公室来。 2、two, second (1) two-way 双向的

He invented a two-way recorder. 他发明了两用收录机。 (2) in two twos 立刻；一转眼 My pen was lost in two twos. 我的钢笔一转眼就不见了。

(3) second to none 最好的；不可比拟的 The jackets are second to none in the shop． 在这个商店里，这些上衣是上等的。 3、three, third

(1) three-bottle man 大酒徒 His grandfather is a three-bottle man. 他外公是个大酒徒。 (2) third dimension 真实感

The film seems to have a third dimension. 这部电影看起来有真实感。 4、four

1) four square 直率的；坦白的 The girl is four square. 这女孩很直率。 (2) on all fours 爬着 The baby goes on all fours. 这婴儿在地上爬行。

(3) four-lettered words 下流话

These books are full of four-lettered words. 这些书里脏话连篇。 (4) in fours 每组四个

Students are standing in a line，in fours. 学生们每组四人排成队。 5、five, fifth

(1) five-star 很出色；第一流的；五星级的 The house is five-star in the village. 这房子在该村是一流水平的。 (2) five and ten 便宜的 The meat is five and ten recently. 最近肉类很便宜。 (3) take the fifth 拒绝回答

I asked him many question, but he took the fifth． 我问了他很多问题，可他拒绝回答。

练习题

1. Every year, _____ people go to visit their factory

A. a thousand of B thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of 2. Tom has just finished writing a _________ article.

A. nine-hundred-words B. nine-hundreds-word C. nine-hundred-word D. nine-hundreds-words 3._______ people lost their homes in Japan’s earthquake.

A. Two thousands B. Thousand C. Thousands of D. Thousand of 4.Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about _____ workers in it.

A. six thousands B. six thousand C. six thousands of D. six thousand of 5. About_______of the students in our class were born in the_

A. two-thirds, 1990s B. two-thirds, 1990 C. two-third, 1990s 6. Nowdays of business letters are written in English. A. two third B. two thirds C. two three C. second three 7. —If a=4, b=5, what’s the answer to the question ― a + 2ab +1 =?‖

— .

-fifth B. Forty-five -three D. One hundred and twenty-one

8. —How often do you exercise? —＿＿＿

A. Two B. Twice C. Second

9. The teacher said that__ of the boys would take part in the talent show. A. three five B. three fives C. thirds fifths D. three fifths 10.Tomorrow is the boy’s ________ birthday.

A. seventh B. seven C. seventeen 11．—Which is the biggest number of the four? — ．

A．One-third B．Two-thirds C．A half D．A quarter 12. —Excuse me, where can I buy a jacket?

—You can go to the Men's Wear Section on the_________ floor. A. two B. twice C. second

13. of the land is covered with trees and grass in Pingjiang, Yueyang. A. Three fives B. Three fifths C. Three fifth 14. September is _____ month of the year.

A. ninth B. nine C. the nine D. the ninth 15—How was your day off yesterday?

—Perfect! It was my grandma’s ________ birthday. We had a big cake. A. eighty B. eightieth C. the eightieth

16.Look at the table .Han Fang wants to buy two pieces of bread ,a bottle of orange juice and an ice cream .How much will she pay? Bread 1.20 Cake 1.50 Water 0.80 Orange juice 1.80

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