building your vocabulary答案

Unit One

Text A History of the English Language V. Building your vocabulary A. bi (two)

tri (three) tetra (four) penta (five)

hexa (six)

The prefixes above are found in many English words, such as bisect (cut in two), tricolor (of three colors), and tetragon (four-sided figure). The words in Column II have the prefix bi-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, or hexa-. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. coming twice a year 2. a group of four musical notes 3. figure with three angles 4. rule by four persons 5. figure with five sides 6. cut into three parts 7. figure with six sides 8. having five angles 10. rule by six persons

II a. tetrachord 2 b. trisect 6 c. bicycle 9 d. tetrarchy 4 e. triangle 3 f. hexagon 7 g. pentagon 5 h. biannual 1 j. pentangular 8

9. two-wheeled vehicle i. hexarchy 10

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

He washed his hands of the matter.

Wash one’s hands of is an idiom meaning “refuse to take responsibility for” or “refuse to be concerned further about.” This meaning is different from the meaning of wash plus the meaning of hands.

Read the following idioms built on the word hand. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.

by hand hand to mouth in hand

hand in glove lift a hand at hand second hand hand over hand-me-down with a heavy hand 1. He dispensed his hospitality with a (an) open hand.

2. The federal agents worked hand in glove with the local police. 3. Many primitive tribes must lead a hand to mouth existence. 4. This coverlet is an heirloom; my grandmother made it by hand. 5. The situation is well in hand.

6. The judge instructed him to hand over the evidence he had withheld. 7. He would not lift a hand to help me.

8. My dress once belonged to my sister; it is a hand-me-down. 9. It was a great bargain because we bought it second hand. 10. He ruled his country with a heavy hand. 11. I like to keep a dictionary always at hand. Text B The Future of English V. Building your vocabulary

A. multi (many; more than two; many times more than)

mega (large; great; powerful; a million times) omni (all; every)

A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix multi-, mega-, or omni- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. megaphone (large, cone-shaped device for magnifying the voice) 2. megacycle (one million cycles, as in radio) 3. omnipresent (existing everywhere) 4. multiply (cause to increase in number)

5. megalomania (delusions of grandeur and power) 6. omniscient (knowing everything)

7. megaton (force equal to the explosion of a million tons of TNT) 8. multimillionaire (a millionaire many times over) 9. multitude (a crowd of many persons)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “They had a heart-to-heart talk” does not mean that their hearts conversed with each other. It means that they had a candid, frank discussion.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word heart. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. from memory 2. decide that one wants 3. as much as one desires 4. new attitude

II

a. break one?s heart 5 b. change of heart 4 c. have a heart 6 d. set one?s heart on 2 e. by heart 1

f. to one?s heart?s content 3 g. eat one?s heart out 9 i. from the heart 11

8. unwillingly

5. cause great grief or disappointment 6. be kind, sympathetic, or merciful 7. afraid; nervous

9. be overcome with grief; pine away 10. dear to one 11. sincerely Text C The Roles of English IV. Building your vocabulary

A. vorous (feeding on; eating)

parous (bringing forth; giving birth to) ferous (bearing; producing; yielding) aceous (of the nature of ; like)

h. with half a heart 8

j. heart in mouth 7 k. near one?s heart 10

A knowledge of these suffixes and combining forms will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use -vorous, -parous, -ferous, or -aceous to complete each word so that it fits the definition.

1. omni_____ (eating everything) omnivorous 2. multi_____ (producing many children) multiparous 3. carbon_____ (resembling carbon) carbonaceous

4. herbi_____ (plant-eating) hebivorous 5. coni______ (bearing cones) coniferous 6. vivi_____ (bearing living young) viviparous 7. herb_____ (plantlike) herbaceous 8. odori_____ (giving off an odor) odoriferous 9. carni_____ (flesh-eating) carnivorous

10. carboni_______(yielding carbon) carboniferous

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “John put out the fire” does not mean that John pushed the fire outside; it means that he extinguished it.

Read the following idioms, built on the word put. Fill in the blanks with the idioms that best fits each sentence.

put up with put across put upon put on put up put off put down put in put forth 1. He is looking for backers to put up the money for his project. 2. He will have to put up with this situation until conditions change. 3. The rebellion was put down after reinforcements arrived. 4. He used examples to put across his idea. 5. Perhaps you can put off that job until tomorrow. 6. The trees are beginning to put forth their leaves. 7. Her haughty air is merely put on. 8. May I put in a word?

9. She feels put upon because they took advantage of her kindness. Unit Two

Text A What women want now V. Building your vocabulary

A. The suffixes -ory, -ary, -arium, and -orium all mean “a place for.”

The words in Column II have the prefix -ory, -ary, -arium, or -orium. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I

II

1. place for sunbathing

a. auditorium 4 b. granary 9

2. place for observation, often astronomical 3. place where aquatic animals are displayed 4. place for listening

5. place where books are kept 6. place for work, usually scientific

c. laboratory 6

e. aquarium 3 f. conservatory 8

d. planetarium 10

7. place where criminal are confined 9. place where grain is stored

g. solarium 1 h. observatory 2

i. penitentiary 7

8. room enclosed in glass, for preserving growing plants

10. place where models of the solar system are displayed j. library 5

I am on to his tricks.

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

On to is an idiom meaning “aware of.” This meaning is different from the meaning of on plus the meaning of to. The idioms in Column II are built on the word on or off. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. not continuously 2. prompt 3. put off! take off! remove! 4. continuously; at great length 5. go away! depart! 6. and more like the preceding 7. in error; mistaken 8. watch departure

V. Building your vocabulary A. micro (small)

macro (large) magna, magni (great)

II

a. and so on 6 b. on and off 1

c. on and on 4

d. on time 2 e. see off 8

f. off with 3 g. off with you 5

h. off the mark 7

Text B Secret Wealth vs. “for Richer, for Poorer”

A knowledge of these pre fixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix micro-, macro-, magna-, or magni- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. microscopic (minute; not visible to the naked eye) 2. magnificent (splendid; imposingly beautiful) 3. microbe (very tiny living thing; germ) 4. macrocosm (the wide world; the universe)

5. macroscopic (visible without the aid of a microscope) 6. magnanimous (having a great soul; generous)

7. micrometer (instrument for measuring minute distances) 8. magnitude (importance; influence; greatness of size)

9. macrophysics (branch of physics dealing with masses that can be seen)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

They made do with what they had.

Make do is an idiom meaning “manage” or “get along.” This meaning is different from the meaning of make plus the meaning of do. The idioms in Column II are built on the word up. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. prepared to fight

II a. made up 6 b. put up with 7 c. up in arms 1 d. up for 8 e. up on 3 f. up to 4 g. up and doing 5 h. up against 2

2. facing; confronted with 3. well informed about 4. occupied with 5. busy; active 6. improvised; invented 7. tolerate 8. under consideration for IV. Building your vocabulary

A. mania (madness for)

phobia (dread of; hatred for) algia (pain)

Text C Feminine and Masculine Communication Cultures

itis (inflammation)

A knowledge of these suffixes and combining forms will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use -mania, -phobia, -algia, or -itis to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. photophobia (aversion to light) 2. neuritis (inflammation of a nerve)

3. monomania (excessive interest in one thing) 4. appendicitis (inflammation of the appendix) 5. egomania (abnormally excessive love of the self) 6. laryngitis (disease characterized by hoarseness) 7. nostalgia (homesickness)

8. phobophobia (fear of one?s own fears) 9. neuralgia (pain in a nerve)

10. claustrophobia (fear of being closed in)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. An open city is not merely a city whose gates are not closed; it is a city that is not defended from invasion in time of war. Read the following idioms built on the word open. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.

open up open to open mind open season open letter open air open-and-shut open-door open house 1. This is an open-and-shut case.

2. The candidate wrote an open letter to his opponent. 3. Many plants grow better in the open air than they do indoors. 4. It takes roads to open up new territories for settlers. 5. My decision is not final; I am open to suggestions. 6. A person with an open mind welcomes new ideas. 7. This is open season for deer hunting. 8. We always keep open house for our friends.

9. The policy of equal opportunity for all nations to trade with a given nation is called an open-door policy.

Unit Three

Text A When it comes to salt, no rights or wrongs V. Building your vocabulary

A. hyper (over; above; more than normal)

hypo (under; beneath; below; less than)

A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix hyper- or hypo- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. hyperbole (an exaggeration)

2. hypogeal (of things below the earth?s surface) 3. hyperborean (of a far northren region) 4. hypercritical (overly critical)

5. hypocritical (pretending to be what one is not) 6. hypertonic (able to hear very high tones) 7. hypotonic (having abnormally low tone) 8. hypodermic (injected under the skin)

9. hypersensitive (excessively sensitive)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He lost his head” does not mean that he misplaced his head. It means that he lost his self-control and became excited or flustered.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word head. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. not understandable 2. far superior to 3. understand 4. make one vain 5. remain calm 6. get a notion 7. be proud 8. keep oneself alive 9. insane; raving 10. be ashamed 11. by a small margin Your next computer V. Building your vocabulary

A. The prefixes mid- and med- come from the Latin word medius. They add the maning ??middle?? or ??middle

part of?? to the root words with which they are combined. The words in Column II have the prefix mid- or med-. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

2. of only fair quality; commonplace

II

1. middle of a hundred-year period a. midstream 5

b. midcontinent 8

3. pertaining to the Middle Ages c. midcentury 1 4. middle state or degree d. midriff 9 5. in the center of a river e. mediocre 2 6. middle of the night f. midway 7 7. halfway g. medieval 3 8. interior of a large land mass h. midnight 6 9. middle part of the body i. medium 4

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He took up with a

bad crowd” does not mean that he helped a bad crowd lift something. It means that he became involved with a bad crowd.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word take. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. to be, act, or look like

2. become offended at

II a. take back 3 b. take for 5 c. take on 9 e. take after 1

II

a. turn one?s head 4 b. keep one?s head 5 c. make head or tail of 3 d. over one?s head 1 e. take it into one?s head 6 f. by a head 11 g. hang one?s head 10 h. out of one?s head 9 i. hold one?s head high 7 j. head and shoulders above 2 k. keep one?s head above water 8

3. retract; regain possession of 5. regard as; consider as

4. dismantle; remove from a higher place d. take it lying down 7

6. cheat; trick; deceive 7. submit without protest 8. leave the ground 9. begin to do; undertake 11. assume control

Text C Global warming IV. Building your vocabulary

A. circum (around)

trans (over; across; through)

f. take one?s time 10 g. take down 4 i. take amiss 2 k. take off 8

h. take in 6

10. be slow; delay j. take over 11

The prefixed above are found in many English words, such as circumstances (facts that surround an act) and transcontinental (across the continent).

The words in Column II have the prefix circum- or trans-. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I 1. can be seen through

II

a. transport 7

2. distance around something 3. draw a line around 4. round about way of saying 5. make over 6. across the Alps 7. carry across or over 8. sail around

b. circumference 2 c. transparent 1 d. transalpine 6 e. transform 5 f. circumlocution 4 g. circumnavigate 8 h. circumscribe 3

B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms

have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.

The idioms in Column II have all come into accepted usage from the American West. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. assert one?s right or title to 2. become successful suddenly 3. intercept; cause to stop or turn 5. be killed while fighting

II a. round up 6 b. strike it rich 2

c. ride herd on 7

e. head off 3 f. pan out 9

g. take the bull by the horns 4

i. lay claim to 1

4. face and deal boldly with a danger or difficulty d. beat to the draw 8 6. drive together; assemble 7. keep guard over; control 9. succeed; turn out well

Unit Four

Text A The open window V. Building your vocabulary

A. The suffixes –et, -let, and –en are diminutives; they add the meaning of “little” or “small” to the words with

which they are combined. A packet is a small package; a coverlet is a small cover; a kitten is a small cat.

8. do something sooner than someone else h. die with one?s boots on 5

The words in Column II have the diminutive suffixes. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I 2. insect with a small horn or stinger

II a. mitten 4 b. rivulet 8 d. maiden 3 e. booklet 6 f. duckling 9 g. hornet 2 h. facet 5 i. eaglet 7

1. small tower 3. girl or young unmarried woman 4. small glove 5. one of a number of small surfaces

6. small volume 7. young eagle 8. little stream 9. young duck

c. turret 1

B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms

have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.

The idioms in Column II are some of the many which originated on farms or in rural areas. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. to be master

II

a. put the cart before the horse 8 b. rule the roost 1

2. precipitating heavily

3. tend to one?s own affairs c. come home to roost 9 e. plow a lonely furrow 7 f. raining pitchforks 2

4. a difficult task or situation d. have all one?s eggs in one basket 6 5. not having chosen a side 6. have all one?s interests

concentrated on one thing

7. proceed on a course alone g. on the fence 5 8. do things backward h. hard row to hoe 4 9. have repercussion; boomerang Text B Pride and prejudice V. Building your vocabulary

A. The Latin word luminare and lustrare both mean ??to light; to shine; to illustrate.?? They are roots for many

English words, appearing as lumin and lustr.

The words in Column II have the root lumin or lustr. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. shining 3. famous person

2. artist who draws pictures for books

II

a. Illustrious 5 b. illuminate 7

c. lustrous 1

i. hoe one?s own row 3

4. causing or bringing light d. Illustrator 2 5. very distinguished e. luminary 3 6. light f. luminiferous 4 7. make light ; light up g. illumination 6 8. picture made for a book 9. something that gives light

h. Illuminant 9 i. illustration 8

B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.

The idioms in Column II are some that originated in nautical usage. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I II

1. with stand or endure successfully 2. uncertain; bewildered 3. reveal one?s true self 4. begin vigorously 5. keep away from

a. at sea 2

b. get one?s sea legs 7

c. steer clear of 5 d. sail against the wind 9 e. sail into 4

6. become entangled with f. show one?s colors 3 g. walk the plank 8 h. fall afoul of 6 i. ride out 1

7. become accustomed to something 8. be forced to resign a position 9. work under difficulties

Text C A Clean, well-lighted place IV. Building your vocabulary

A. dict (speak)

clued (close) tend (stretch)

These Latin roots are combined with many different word parts in English words. Combine each word part on the left with dict, clude, and tend to make nine words that fit the definitions below. pre

in clude dict tend e, ex

1. keep or leave out exclude 2. have in mind as purpose intend 3. stretch out; reach extend 4. contain; comprise include 5. official proclamation; decree edict 6. foretell predict

7. shut out or hinder, especially in advance prelude 8. make believe; claim falsely pretend 9. charge with a crime; accuse indict

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He flew into a rage”

does not mean that he traveled through the air. It means that he had a violent outburst of anger.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word fly. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

II

1. financially unsound; not trustworthy 2. shoot or throw (at) 3. defy or oppose openly 4. attack suddenly; spring at

a. fly in the face of 3

b. fly-by-night 1 d. on the fly 5 c. fly at 4 e. let fly 2

5. while in motion; in a hurry

Unit Five

Text A The new science of happiness V. Building your vocabulary

A. The roots lev and grav come from the Latin words levis and gravis.

levis (light; slight; trivial)

gravis (heavy; weighty; serious; important; severe; grievous)

Use the root lev or grav to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. grave (requiring serious thought; of a threatening nature) 2. alleviate (lighten; make less hard to bear) 3. levitate (rise in the air because of lightness) 4. levity (trifling gaiety; unseemly frivolity) 5. gravimetry (the measurement of weight) 6. gravity (solemnity; enormity) 7. aggravate (make more burdensome)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

He didn?t make it to work on time.

Make it is an idiom meaning “arrive successfully.” This meaning is different from the meaning of make plus the meaning of it.

Read the following idioms built on the word make. Write the idiom that best fits each sentence.

make a meal of make up make or break make much of

make off with

make for make out

make do make-believe

1. People exaggerate when they make much of small things. 2. Children love to play make-believe games. 3. He can make a meal of crackers and cheese.

4. He has a chance to show whether or not he has talent; this job will make or break him. 5. The watchman was asleep and let the thieves make off with some valuable equipment. 6. It is difficult to make out his handwriting. 7. We must make do with what we have. 8. Many instruments make up an orchestra. 9. A tired swimmer should make for land. Text B The values Americans live by (I) V. Building your vocabulary

A. homo (same)

hetero (different)

A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words.Use the prefix home- or hetero- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. homocentric (sharing a common center)

2. heterodox (departing from usual beliefs or established doctrines) 3. heterogeneous (assorted)

4. heterochromatic (having contrasting colors) 5. homochromatic (having the same color) 6. heteromorphic (having various forms)

7. homogenize (make uniform by breaking down and reblending)

8. homographs (words that are spelled alike)

9. homonyms (words that sound alike but have different spellings)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

She threw cold water on the project.

Throw cold water on is an idiom meaning “discourage” or “kill enthusiasm for.”

The idioms in Column II are built on the word throw. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I. I 1. engage in with vigor 2. give up; abandon; jilt 3. fail to make use of 4. add free of charge 5. rely on for support 6. revert to ancestral type 7. obstruct by interference 8. assemble carelessly 9. remove all restrictions IV. Building your vocabulary

A. The prefix syn- comes from the Greek word syn, meaning “with.” It is used with many English words to

lend them the meanings “with; together”; “at the same time”; “by means of.” Syn changes to syl before l

sym before m, p, and b sys sometimes before t

Use the correct form of the prefix syn- to complete the words in Column II, and find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I

II

systematic 8 synonyms 9

1. letters pronounced together 2. regulate clocks and other mechanisms to make them agree 3. made of a chemical mixture; not natural 4. conference for discussion on one particular subject

5. place where people come together to worship 6. condition that is indicative of a disease 7. long composition for full orchestra 8. orderly; methodical

syllable 1 symphony 7 synthetic 3 symposium 4 symptom 6

synchronize 2 synagogue 5

II

a. throw away 3 b. throw oneself into 1 c. throw oneself upon 5 d. throw open 10 e. throw over 2 f. throw together 9 g. throw back 6 h. throw in 4

i. throw a monkey wrench into 7

Text C The values Americans live by (II)

9. words with the same or similar meanings It is as good as lost.

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

As good as is an idiom meaning “nearly” or “practically.” The idioms in Column II are built on the word good. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. very; entirely

II

a. come to no good 6

2. useless; worthless 3. as a profit 4. able to pay or give 5. large quantity 6. end in failure 7. kind; generous 8. repay for; replace 9. permanently; finally Unit Six

Text A Why we’re superstitious V. Building your vocabulary

b. for good and all 9

c. good and 1 d. make good 8 f. to the good 3 g. good deal 5

e. no good 2

h. good-hearted 7 i. good for 4

A. The Greek word helios and the latin word sol are equivalents of the Anglo-Saxon word sunne, meaning ??sun.?? Appearing as helio and sol, they form the roots for many English words.

The words in Column II have the root helio or sol. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I 1. sunshade

2. sun worship

II a. solar 5 b. heliocentric 8

3. instrument for measuring sunlight 5. of the sun

c. solarize 9 d. heliolatry 2

e. heliograph 3

4. treatment of disease by exposure to sunlight 6. point of a planet?s orbit closest to the sun 7. sunroom; glass-walled room 8. having the sun as a center

9. affect by exposing to sunlight

f. heliotherapy 4

g. perihelion 6

h. parasol 1 i. solarium 7

B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.

The idioms in Column II have all come into accepted usage from fields of sports. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. stop one?s work or efforts in order to rest 2. be evasive with

3. be at a disadvantage 4. operate in a wide area

II

a. have two strikes against one 3

b. a run for one?s money 7 d. rest on one?s oars 1 c. play the game 9 e. strike out 8 f. play the field 4

g. fence with 2 h. pinch-hit 5

5. act as an emergency substitute 6. with any hold or approach 7. powerful competition 8. fail

9. act according to the rules Text B Religion and beliefs V. Building your vocabulary

i. catch a catch can 6

A. The Latin word calor and the Greek word therme both mean ??heat.?? They are roots for many English words. Usually they appear as cal and therm.

The words in Column II have the root cal or therm. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. heat regulator 2. making warm 4. engine run by heat 5. producing heat

II

a. calorimetry 6 b. thermostat 1

c. scald 9 d. calefaction 2 e. thermal 8

3. of the heat produced by atomic fission

6. process of measuring heat 8. of heat; of warmth

f. calorific 5

h. thermomotor 4

7. science of the relation of heat to energy 9. pour boiling water on

g. thermonuclear 3

i. thermodynamics 7

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

His expression gave him away.

Give away is an idiom meaning “betray” or “reveal.” This meaning is different from the meaning of give plus the meaning of away.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word give. Find the idiom in Column II that fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. emit; issue 2. surrender to persuasion

3. hand over; transfer 4. surrender; abandon 5. cause to think 6. exchange on an equal basis 7. cause to be known; make public Text C The Santa within me IV. Building your vocabulary

A. The Latin word tempus and the Greek word chonos both mean ??time.?? They are roots for many English

words, appearing as temp and chron.

The words in Column II have the root temp or chron. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. speed 2. in order of occurrence 3. period of bad weather 4. measurement of time 5. unpremeditated; 6. lasting a long time

II

b. chronometer 9 c. tempo 1 e. temporary 8 f. chronometry 4 a. tempest 3

8. return; restore

II

a. give and take 6 b. give back 7 c. give off 1 d. give in 8 e. give out 3 f. give over 4 g. give to understand 5 h. give up 2

d. chronological 2

not prepared ahead of time

7. of this world; of, or limited by, time 8. not permanent; for a time 9. device for measuring time

g. extemporaneous 5 h. chronic 6

i. temporal 7

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “Change was in the air” does not mean that the air contained an alteration. It means that change was expected.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word air. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

II

1. act in an affected, superior manner 2. broadcasting or being broadcast 3. feel very happy

a. air castle 6

c. give oneself airs e. take the air 4 f. on the air 2

1

b. up in the air 5

d. walk on air 3

4. go out into the fresh air; go outdoors 5. undecided not settled 6. daydream

Unit Seven

Text A Universities Must Deliver More with Less V. Building your vocabulary

A. epi (over; on; among; outside; beside; besides; on the outside; preceding; front; forward)

iso (equal; similar; alike; identical)

A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with a key to the meaning of many unfamiliar words. The words in Column II have the prefixes epi- and iso-. Find the word in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. having identical measurements equal side

3. spread of disease over a wide area c. epicenter 7 4. what is written on grave or tomb d. isogon 9 5. form of government in which all e. epidemic 3

have equal power

6. a terse, witty, pointed statement f. isotopes 8 7. spot just above the source of an g. epigram 6

earthquake

8. two forms of an element with the h. epitaph 4 same properties

9. figure with all sides equal i. isosceles 2

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. I?ll make him eat his words.

Eat one’s words is an idiom meaning “take back what one has said.”

The following idioms are based on the word word. Fill in the blanks with the idiom that best fits each sentence.

have a word with at a word word for word by word of mouth have words with have no words in a word man of his word of few words 1. Rumors usually spread by word of mouth. 2. He was ready to go at a word from me.

3. I would like to have a word with you if you have time.

II

a. isocracy 5

2. designating a triangle with two b. isometric 1

4. I have no words to express my gratitude.

5. I don?t wish to have words with him; I would like to avoid an argument. 6. My answer, in a word, is that I don?t know. 7. We can trust him; he is a man of his word.

8. She doesn?t say much; she is a woman of few words. 9. That is exactly what he said, word for word.

Text B Barack Obama on Education V. Word Building

A. Some roots that appear in many English words are

incend, incense (burn) ignis (fire) scintilla (spark) pyr (fire) ciner (ashes)

All of these come to English from Latin, with the exception of pyr, which is Greek. The words in Column II are based on the roots listed above. Find the word in Column II that fits each definition in Column I.

I

1. produced by fire or volcanic action 2. sparkle; twinkle 4. burn; reduce to ashes 5. causing or designed to cause fire

7. set fire to 8. pile of wood on which a dead body is burned 9. ashes

He is behind the times.

Behind the times is an idiom meaning “old-fashioned” or “dated”.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word time. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. at intervals 2. sooner than due 3. almost instantly 4. for the present 5. in turn; taking turns 6. exchange a few words 7. at the proper time 8. again and again Text C Back to School IV. Building your vocabulary

A. The Greek word phos and the Latin word lux both mean ??light.?? They are roots for many English words,

II

a. ahead of time 2 b. one at a time 5 c. for the time being 4 d. from time to time 1 e. in good time 3 f. on one?s own time 9 g. pass the time of day 6 h. time after time 8 i. in no time 7

II a. igneous 1 b. ignite 7 d. incinerate 4 e. scintillate 2

3. persistent compulsion to start destructive fires c. cinders 9

6. substance that gives off a sweet odor when burned f. pyre 8

g. pyromania 3 h. incendiary 5

i. incense 6

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

9. during time for which one is not paid

appearing as phos or phot and lux or luc.

The words in clulumn II have the root phos or lux. Write the word that best fits each difinition in column I.

I

II

1. unit of measurement of light a. phosphorus 4 2. brightness ; sanity b. translucent 6 3. artistically suitable for being photographed

c. phot 1

4. chemical that emits light d. photogenic 3 5. picture made by using light e. photophobia 9 6. partially transparent ; letting light through f. photograph 5 7. science of light 9. fear of light

g. lucidity 2

i. luciferous 8

8. providing light h. Photics 7

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says.

It is hard to part company with friends.

Part company is an idiom meaning “go away from” or “take leave of.” The idioms in Column II are built on the word part. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I

1. mostly; generally 2. by or coming from one 3. give up; relinquish 4. side with; support 5. to a certain extent

II

a. for one?s part 7 b. for the most part 1 c. in good part 9 d. in part 5

e. on the part of one 2 f. part and parcel 8 h. play a part in 4 i. take one?s part 6

6. participate; share

7. so far as one is concerned 8. an essential or necessary part 9. good-naturedly; without offense Unit Eight

Text A American Identity: Ideas, Not Ethnicity V. Building your vocabulary

g. part with 3

A. The prefixes super- and sur- both lend the meaning “over”,“above”,“beyond”, to the roots with which they are used. The prefix super- comes from Latin, sur- from French. Often you can find a word with super- and a word with sur- that are synonyms, one having come into English from Latin and the other from French.

Column I contains words that have the prefix super-; Column II contains words that have the prefix sur-. Find the word in Column II that is closest in meaning to each word in Column I.

I

II

1. superable 2. superficial 3. superfluous 4. supervise 5. superscribe 6. supertax 7. superior 8. supervision

a. survey 4 b. surmountable 1 c. surprint 5 d. surpassing 7 e. surveyor 9 f. surveillance 8 g. surplus 3 h. surcharge 6

9. supervisor i. surface 2

B. An idiom is a phrase or expression that has an accepted meaning different from its literal meaning. Idioms have various origins; many have entered current speech from the language peculiar to an occupation, profession, locality, or sport.

The idioms in Column II have all come into accepted usage from hunting. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each definition in Column I.

I

II

1. present at the end of some action a. draw a bead on 4 2. hint or speak indirectly b. smoke out 9 3. run from danger or difficulty 4. take careful aim at 6. pursue until caught

5. pursue; run after

c. keep track of 8

d. track down 6 f. shot through with 7 h. give chase 5 e. in at the kill 1 g. turn tail 3

i. beat around the bush 2

7. filled with something undesirable or dangerous 8. stay informed about

9. drive into the open; force out of hiding

Text B Sustaining Growth, Connecting the Region V. Building your vocabulary

A. The root meter, or metr, meaning “measure”, was originally the Greek word metron. It was incorporated into Latin as metrum, then into French as metre, and finally into English, first as metre and later in its present forms. Some of the English words using this root are:

metric kilometer thermometer metronome meter astrometry barometer geometry speedometer

Fill in the blank with the word from the list above that will complete each of the following sentences. 1. Heat is measured by means of a thermometer.

2. Many piano players use a metronome while practicing.

3. This morning a man from the electric company came to read our meter. 4. We will have stormy weather soon; the barometer is dropping rapidly.

5. Geometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with the measurement of lines, planes, and solids. 6. The system of measurement used in Europe is the metric system. 7. It is against the law to drive a car if its speedometer is not working. 8. A kilometer is a unit of measurement equal to about five-eighths of a mile. 9. Astrometry deals with the measurement of distances between stars.

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “The facts came to light” does not mean that the facts were brought from a dark place to a bright place. It means that the facts were revealed.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word light. Find the idiom in Column II that best fits each meaning in Column I.

I II

a. bring to light 4

b. in the light of 1 d. see the light 2

1. with knowledge of 2. understand 4. reveal; disclose

3. make clearer; give more facts about 5. make or become bright and cheerful

c. light up 5 e. shed light on 3

Text C United States Congress IV. Building your vocabulary

A. omni (all)

ambi (both; around) semi (partly)

A knowledge of these prefixes will provide you with keys to the meanings of many unfamiliar words. Use the prefix omni-, ambi-, or semi- to complete each word so that it fits the definition. 1. ambidextrous (able to use both hands equally well) 2. omnipresent (in all places at once)

3. semiautomatic (partly automatic and partly hand controlled) 4. ambivalent (having conflicting feelings, as love and hate) 5. omniscient (knowing all things) 6. semiconscious (not fully conscious) 7. omnivorous (able to eat everything) 8. semicivilized (partly civlized)

B. An idiom is an accepted phrase or expression that does not mean literally what it says. “He fell among

thieves” does not mean that he came down suddenly among them. It means that eh encountered them by chance.

The idioms in Column II are built on the word fall. Find the idiom in Column II that best fit each meaning in Column I.

I

II

1. drop back; lag; be in arrears 2. become entangled with 3. line up in proper formation 4. be completely unsuccessful 5. turn to for security or help

a. fall back on 5 b. fall behind 1 c. fall flat 4 d. fall afoul of 2 e. fall in 3

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