介词及基本用法

“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密 ——45个基本介词的用法 1、about

【原始含义】

a-b-out “A在B外面” 【引申含义】

[prep] （1）在…到处，在…各处 here and there eg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so. He looked about the room. （2）在…附近 next to a place eg. She lives about the office. （3）关于 in connection with eg: a book about English study

I don’t know what you are talking about.

[adv]

（1）大约 close to

eg: We left there about 10 o’clock. It costs about 500 dollars. （2）到处，各处

eg: The children were rushing about in the garden. （3）在附近

eg : There is no food about.

【常见搭配】

作介词时的搭配:

一.动词+(about+名词)

（1）arrange (about sth) 安排关于某事 （2）argue (about sth) 讨论某事

（3）ask (about sth) 询问关于某事 （4）boast (about sb/sth) 吹嘘...

（5）care (about sb/sth) 关心…,对…感兴趣 （6）chat (about sth) 谈论某事 （7）complain (about sb/sth) 抱怨…

（8）dream (about sb/sth) 梦见某人/某物

（9）go (about sth) 着手做...；从事... （10）hear (about sth) 听说... （11）know (about sth) 了解... （12）learn (about sth) 得知某事

（13）put (about sth) 散布（谣言等） （14）quarrel (about sth) 为...争吵

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（15）see (about sth) 负责处理... （16）talk (about sth) 谈论... （17）think (about sth) 考虑..

（18）warn sb (about sth) 告诫某人关于某事 （19）wonder (about sb/sth) 对.. 好奇 （20）worry (about sb/sth) 对...担心

二、名词+(about+名词)

（1）concern (about sb/sth) 对…的关心/关怀 （2）curiosity (about sb/sth) 对…的好奇 （3）doubt (about sb/sth) 对…的怀疑 （4）ethusiasm (about sth) 对…的热情 （5）information (about sb/sth) 关于…的信息 （6）remark (about sth) 对…的评论 （7）opinion (about sth) 对…的意见 （8）view (about sb/sth) 对...的观点

三、be+adj+(about+名词) （1）be angry (about sth) 为…而生气 （2）be anxious (about sth) 为…忧虑 （3）be careful (about sth) 当心…

（4）be cautious (about sth) 谨防...；对...持谨慎态度 （5）be certain (about sth) 确信关于某事 （6）be curious (about sth) 对…感到好奇 （7）be disappointed (about sth) 对…感到失望 （8）be excited (about sth) 对…感到兴奋 （9）be glad/happy (about sth) 对…感到高兴 （10）be hopeful (about sth) 对…抱有希望 （11）be crazy/mad/wild (about sth) 对…痴狂；酷爱某事 （12）be nervous (about sth)

为…感到不安/因...感到紧张

（13）be optimistic/positive (about sth) 对...是积极乐观的

（14）be particular (about sb/sth) 对... 讲究，挑剔 （15）be sad (about sth) 为…而难过 （16）be serious (about sth) 对…认真 （17）be sorry (about sth) 对...抱歉

作副词时的搭配:

名词+动词+about

（1）sth come about 某事发生

（2）sth get about 某事（尤指消息等）传开

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（3）sb turn about 某人转身

（4）sb wander about 某人徘徊，游荡 （5）sb walk about 某人走来走去 2、above

【原始含义】

a-b-over “A在B上方” 【引申含义】prep.

（1）在…上方 at or to a higher place than sth/sb eg: The sun rose above the horizon.

（2）数目大于…/重量超过…/价格（能力、地位）高于… more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth. eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents. （3）重要性或质量超过、胜过

of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg. I rate her above most other players of her age.

（4）声音超过… louder or clearer than another sound eg: I couldn’t hear her above the noise of the traffic. （5）不至于，不屑于做某事

too good or too honest to do sth eg. She is above suspicion.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(above+名词)

（1）live ( above one’s income) 入不敷出地生活

（2）put A (above B) 把A看得比B更重要 （3）rise (above sth) 克服...,不受....的影响 （4）talk (above one’s head) 高深莫测地谈论

二、be+(above+名词)

（1）be (above oneself ) 兴高采烈= be in one’s high spirit （2）be (above one’s head) 难以理解/超出某人理解能力

3、across 【原始含义】

a-grass “一片草坪”，across指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。 【引申含义】prep.

（1）穿过from one side to the other side eg: She walked across the road.

（2）在...对面 on the other side of sth. eg: The bar is just across the street. （3）交叉 cross

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eg: He sat with his arms across his chest. （4）在...各处，遍及... everywhere

eg. The opinion is common across the university.

【常见搭配】

动词+(across+名词)

（1）A come (across B) A偶遇B （2）A cut (across B) A走B捷径；A打断B （3）A go (across B) A穿过B （4）A put (across B) A 解释清楚B；A把B送到对岸 （5）A run (across B) A横穿B；A偶然碰到B 4、after 【原始含义】

“A在B之后（强调顺序）” 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）在…之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） later than sth; following sth in time

eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.

（2）在…后面，仅次于（按重要性）next to the following eg. Your name comes after mine in the list. （3）与…对照、对比 in contrast to sth eg. It was cool after the heat outside.

（4）照着…的样子 following the example of sb/sth eg: Read the sentence after me, please. [adv]

后来、以后 later in time, afterwords

eg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown. The prince and princess lived happily ever after.

【常见搭配】 作介词时的搭配

一、名词+动词+(after+名词)

（1）A chase (after B) A追赶/追求B （2）A go (after B) A追逐B. （3）A look (after B) A照顾B.

（4）A model (after B) A 以B为榜样、原型；A效仿B （5）A name (after B) A用B作名字.

（6）A run (after B) A追求/追赶/追逐B. （7）A search (after B) A研究B. （8）A see (after B) A照顾B （9）A seek (after B) A寻找B. （10）A take (after B) A与B相像.

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二、（after+名词） （1）(after a while) 过了一会，不久 （2）(after all) 毕竟；终究 （3）(after one’s own heart) 正合...的心意； 5、against 【原始含义】 a-g-a“相对” 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）碰着、靠着 touching, close to or hitting sb/sth eg: She was leaning against a tree.

（2）反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./sth eg: We should fight against crimes.

（3）预防 in order to prevent sth from happening eg: Save money against a rainy day. 未雨绸缪 （4）违反（违反法律、制度） eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.

（5）不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./sth eg: What he said is against him.

（6）映衬 with sth in the background as a contrast

Eg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky. （7）和…相比 in contrast to sth

eg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost. 【常见搭配】

一、动词+(against+名词) （1） act (against sth) 违反...

（2） argue (against sth) 为...而争辩/据理反对 （3） compete (against sb) 与某人比赛/竞争/对抗 （4） decide (against sth/doing sth) 考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事

（5） declare (against sb/sth) 表态反对... （6） fight (against sth) 反对…；与...做斗争 （7） go (against sth) 违反…

（8） inform (against sb) 告发、检举某人 （9） lean (against sth) 靠着某物/斜靠某物 （10）offend (against sth) 违犯… （11）press (against sth) 压在…上 （12）protect (against sth) 保护免受…的伤害 （13）prepare (against sth) 防备… （14）strike (against sth) 罢工抗议... （15）struggle (against sb/sth) 与...搏斗/反抗 （16）turn (against sth) 背叛… （17）vote (against sth) 投票反对… （18）warn sb (against sth) 提醒某人提防某事

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二、be+adj+(against+名词)

（1）be prejudiced (against sb/sth) 对... 持有偏见 （2）be proof (against sth) 可防止…的 （3）be set (against sth) 坚决反对... 6、around 【原始含义】

a+round“A在一个圆里面（在一定范围内）” 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）在…周围,围绕 surrounding sb/sth eg: There are many bars around the town. （2）在附近，到处 in or to many places eg: I showed him around our campus. [adv]

（1）大约approximately

eg: There are around 1000 people watching the game. （2）在周围

eg : How can you make the wheel go around? （3）在附近、到处

eg: I ran around to find him.

【常见搭配】 作介词时

一、动词+(around+名词) （1）center (around sth) 以...为中心,集中于... （2）look (around sth) 环顾...；游览...； （3）wrap (around sth) 缠绕住．．．；环绕...； 二、around +名词

（1）(around the corner) ...靠近、临近、快来了； （2）(around the clock) 日夜不停地；夜以继日地

作副词时

名词+动词+around

（1）sb gaze around 某人向四周看，环视 （2）sth get around

某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传 （3）sb/sth turn around 某人或某物转身

7、at

【原始含义】

“在场所，时间上的一点”

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【引申含义】prep.

（1）小地点,或小时间点

used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning).

She went to school (at 8 o’clock) (in the morning).

（2）在几岁时 the age (at which sb does sth) eg: She was married (at 23).

（3）向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth eg: Don’t point at me.

knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy （4）从相隔…远的地方 the distance away from sth eg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)? You’d better keep him (at a distance). （5）处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is in eg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch).

The country is (at war).

Bill was (at his best) in college. (at one’s best: 某人的辉煌时期) （6）在某方面 in terms of… eg: I am not good (at football).

（7）表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 to show the cause of sth

eg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her). I was delighted (at the result)+. 【常见搭配】

一、动词+(at+名词)

（1）aim (at sth) 以…为目标；瞄准…；针对…； （2）arrive (at sth) 到达某地或某种程度 （3）blush (at sth) 对...感到脸红； （4）come (at sb/sth) 攻击某人；发现某事 （5）fire (at sth) 向...开火 （6）gaze (at sb/sth) 凝视, 注视...

（7）get (at sth ) 到达, 接近...；着手...；暗指...；意知...; （8）glance (at sb/sth) 一瞥，扫视... （9）glare (at sb/sth) 对...怒目而视 （10）grab/grasp (at sb/sth) 抓住... （11）knock (at sth) 敲… （12）laugh (at sb) 嘲笑某人 （13）look (at sb/sth) 看…

（14）point (at sb/sth) 指向/ 瞄准 / 针对…

（15）run (at sb/sth) 向某人冲去； 达到某种水平 （16）shoot (at sth) 朝…射击 （17）shout (at sb) 朝某人喊叫

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（18）smile (at sb) 向某人微笑

（19）target (at sb/sth) 瞄准…，以…为目标 （20）wonder (at sth) 对…好奇/对…感到吃惊 （21）yell (at sb) 对某人大喊大叫 二、(at+名词)

（1）(at the age) (of some number) 在几岁 （2）(at an altitude) (of some number) 在某个高度 （3）(at the cost/expense)(of sth) 以...为代价 （4）(at the end) (of sth) 在...的结尾 （5）(at the request) (of sb) 应某人的请求 （6）(at the risk) (of sth/doing sth) 冒着....的风险 （7）(at the sight)(of sb/sth) 一看见.... （8）(at a speed)(of some number) 以...的速度 （9）(at the thought)(of sb/sth) 一想到... （10）(at birth) 出生时 （11）(at bottom) 其实，实际上 （12）(at one’s command) 听候．．．的差遣 （13）(at the corner) 在拐角处 （14）(at dawn/daybreak) 在黎明, 在拂晓 （15）(at a discount) 减价、折扣 （16）(at first) 最初，开始时 （17）(at hand) 在手边，即将发生 （18）(at home) 在家/国内 （19）(at large) 自由，逍遥法外 （20）(at length) 详细地 （21）(at last) 最后，终于 （22）(at least) 至少，起码 （23）(at leisure) 有空，闲暇时 （24）(at the moment) 现在，眼下... （25）(at any price) 不惜任何代价，无论如何 （26）(at one time) 过去，曾经，一度 （27）(at the same time) 同时 （28）(at work) 在工作 三、be+adj+(at+名词)

（1）be angry (at sb/sth) 对...生气 （2）be competent (at sth) 在...方面有能力 （3）be delighted (at sth) 对...感到非常高兴 （4）be disappointed (at sb/sth) 对...感到失望 （5）be dissatisfied (at sb/sth) 对...不满意

（6）be expert (at sth/doing sth) 专长，擅长于，精通 （7）be skilled (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面有技能，熟练 （8）be gifted (at sth/doing sth) 在...有天赋 （9）be good (at sth/doing sth) 擅长... （10）be hopeless (at sth/doing sth)

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对...感到绝望；对...一筹莫展

（11）be mad (at sb/sth) 对..愤怒 （12）be surprised (at sb/sth) 对...感到吃惊 （13）be terrfied (at sth/doing sth) 被... 惊吓

（14）be weak (at sth/doing sth) 在...方面欠缺，差 8、before 【原始含义】

be+fore“在…之前“（时间、空间、顺序）” 【引申含义】prep.

（1）时间上 earlier in time

eg: Please come back (before 10:00pm). （2）空间上earlier in position

eg: Don’t put the cart (before the horse). （3）顺序上earlier in order or arrangement eg: Health should come (before wealth).

（4）当（某人）面 in the presence of sb

eg : She charged him of murder (before the jury).

【常见搭配】：

一、动词+(before+名词) （1）A come (before B) A在B之上，比B更重要 （2）complain (before sb) 在某人面前控诉 （3）go (before sb) 出现在某人面前 （4）put/set A (before B) 把A看的比B重要 （5）stand (before sb/sth) 站立在…前面 二、（before +名词） （1）(before day) 破晓之前 （2）(before long) 不久以后 （3）(before one's eyes) 当着某人的面 （4）(before time) 提前 （5）(before the wind) 顺风 （6）(before the world) 在众人面前

9、behind 【原始含义】

be + hide “在…之后” 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）空间上，在…后面 at the back of sb/sth eg: A dog is running (behind us).

A dog is running (after us).（2）是产生…的原因 responsible for stating or developing sth eg: There must be someone (behind it). What’s (behind that happy smile)?

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（3）时间上，在之后 sth is in the past

eg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time). (4）能力上，在之后 making less progress than sb./sth eg: He’s (behind the rest of others) (in reading). （5）支持，赞成 giving approval of sth

eg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make). [adv]

在后面，在远处

eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind).

作介词时：

一、动词+(behind+名词)

（1）fall/ lag (behind sb/sth) 落在…后面 （2）go (behind sth) 进一步斟酌… They will go behind the decision. 二、（behind +名词） （1）(behind bars) 在狱中 （2）(behind sb’s back) 在背后 （3）(behind the schedule/time) 晚点、推迟 （4）(behind the times) 过时、落伍

作副词时：

（1）sb stay/ remain behind

某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下

（2）sb wait behind 某人（在别人走后）留下 （3）leave sth/sb behind忘带，留下某物；超越某人 10、beside 【原始含义】

be+side “在…边上” 【引申含义】prep.

（1）在...旁边 next to…; by the side of… eg: a town (beside the sea)

She sat (beside the teacher). （2）与...相比 compared with

eg: My work is so poor (beside yours).

【常见搭配】 （beside+名词）

（1）(beside oneself) 高兴的不得了

（2）(beside the point) 离题，不中肯；与…无关 11、besides 【原始含义】

beside+s“除…外，还有…”in addition to sb/sth [prep]

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eg: There were two other students (in the classroom) (besides Tom).

【常见搭配】

besides+名词/动名词

eg: We have a lot (in common) (besides music).

(Besides working) (as a doctor), he also writes a lot of stories. 12、between 【原始含义】

be-two-in“在两者之间” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间

in the middle of two things in terms of space, time, order, class etc. eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree. His age is (between sixty and seventy). （2）表示两者之间的某种关系

to show a connection or relationship

eg: He has to decide (between life and death).

There is a great difference (between the two articles). You should learn between lines（字里行间）. （3）合用、共享

shared by two or more people or things

eg: This is a secret (between you and me). （仅在我们俩之间）. We drank a bottle of wine (between us).

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(between+名词)

（1）draw a clear dividing line ( between sth) 明显区分… （2）make a difference (between sb/sth) 区别对待… （3）read (between lines) 读出字里行间的言外之意 （4）stand (between sth/sb) 阻碍…

二、名词+(between+名词)

（1）balance (between A and B) A 和B的均衡

We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit). （2）connection (between sth/sb) 某人或某物之间的联系

13、beyond 【原始含义】

be+yond “（在彼处）“在…之外”

【引申含义】：prep. （1）在…较远的一边

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on the further side of sth

eg: The village is beyond the mountain. （2）时间上晚于…

later than a particular time

eg: It won’t go on (beyond midnight). （3）超出某人的能力范围，非…所及 far too advanced for sb

eg: The bag is (beyond my reach). （4） 表示…是不可能的

to say that sth is impossible

eg: The bicycle is (beyond repair).

【常见搭配】

一、(beyond+名词)

（1）(beyond one’s ability/strength/power) 超越某人的能力 （2）(beyond belief) 难以置信 （3）(beyond comparison) 无法比喻 （4）(beyond cure) 无可救药 （5）(beyond control) 无法控制 （6）(beyond doubt/suspicion) 不容置疑 （7）(beyond one’s wildest dreams) 做梦也想不到 （8）(beyond one’s endurance) 无法忍受 （9）(beyond expression) 无法表达 （10）(beyond imagination) 超出想象 （11）(beyond measure) 无法估量 （12）(beyond praise) 赞美不完，称赞不绝 （13）(beyond price) 极其珍贵，无价的 （14）(beyond one’s reach) 在某人够不着的地方 （15）(beyond reason) 不合理 （16）(beyond recognition) 难以认出 （17）(beyond repair) 无法修复 （18）(beyond the seas) 到海外 （19）(beyond understanding) 难以理解 （20）(beyond words) 无法形容 She is very beautiful. She is elegant.

Her beauty is beyond words. （21）(beyond sb) 为某人所不能理解

二、动词+(beyond+名词) （1）go (beyond sth) 超出..., 超过... （3）see (beyond sth) 预料...；预见...

14、by

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【原始含义】 “在旁边” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）在…旁边 at the side of

eg: We prefer a table (by the window). （2）不迟于，在…之前 before

eg: We have studied several prepositions (by now). I shall have finished the work (by the time you return). （3）表示方式 in which way sth is done eg: I go to school (by bus). （4）通过…;根据… according to sth

eg: He can tell the direction (by the stars). Don’t judge a person (by his looks). （5）按…计算 the degree or amount of sth eg: Eggs are usually sold （by dozen）.

The temperature has risen （by 5 degrees）. （6）由于… as a result of … eg: They met (by chance). I did it (by mistake). （7）被… used

eg: He was shocked (by what he had seen). （8）表示触及或抓住人物的部分

used to show the part of sb that another person catches eg: I seized her (by the hair).

（9）表示逐步推进; the rate sth happens eg: He is making progress (day by day). （10）以…的名义 in the name of

eg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will never betray my country). adv.

（1）经过 past

eg: Time goes by quickly.

He hurried by (without speaking to me). （2）短暂拜访

eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you).

【常见搭配】 作介词时： 一、by+名词

（1） (by accident/chance) 偶然地 （2） (by coincidence) 巧合地

（3） (by all means) 想尽一切办法、一定要 （4） (by means)(of sb/sth) 借助于…

（5） (by no means) 绝不，一点儿也不

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（6） (by appearance) 从外表 （7） (by comparison) 相比之下 （8） (by contrast) 对比之下

（9） (by definition) 根据定义，实质上 （10）(by hand) 人工地

（11）(by heart) 靠记忆，背诵 （12）(by mistake) 错误地 （13）(by nature) 天性上，本质上 （14）(by turns) 轮流地 （15）(by the way) 顺便说一下

二．动词+（by+名词）

（1）come (by sth) (尤指通过努力）获得…; 偶然得到… （2）go (by sth) 顺便走访…

（3）judge sb/sth (by sth)通过…判断，断定某物或某人 （4）live (by sth) 以...为生计；遵守，遵循… （5）pass (by sth) 经过…；不考虑，回避… （6）profit (by sth) 从…中获益

（7）swear (by sb/sth) 极其信赖某人；对某物发誓 （8）take sb (by sth) 抓住某人的某个部位 （9）tell (by sth) 根据…判断，推断

三、be+过去分词+（by+名词）

（1）be characterized (by sth) 以…为特征 （2）be disgusted (by sth) 对…厌恶 （3）be distracted (by sb/sth) 精力被…分散 （4）be replaced (by sb/sth) 被…取代

四、 名词+by+名词 （1）bit by bit 一点一点地，逐渐地 （2）day by day 一天一天地，逐日 （3）inch by inch 一点一点地 （4）little by little 逐渐 （5）one by one 一个接一个 （6）side by side 并肩 （7）step by step 按部就班地 （8）year by year 年年，逐年

作副词时：

名词+动词+by

（1）sb drop by 某人顺便访问 （2）sb get by 某人勉强接受；设法勉强生存

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（3）sb stand by 某人袖手旁观

（4）sb stop by （顺便）过访，串门 15、despite 【原始含义】

“尽管、不顾” = in spite of

eg: The old professor kept on working （despite his poor health）. 【常见搭配】 prep.

（1）despite sth/doing sth 尽管某事，尽管做了某事

eg : He failed （in the exam） （despite all the efforts）.

（Despite applying for hundreds of jobs）, he is still out of work. （2）despite the fact that+句子 尽管事实是…

eg. She kept learning French despite the fact that she found it difficult （3）despite oneself 尽管不愿意

eg. He had to laugh despite himself. 16、down 【原始含义】 “向下”

【引申含义】 [prep]

(1)表示自上而下，向下，往下 from top to bottom eg: In order to catch the bus they run (down the hill). Tears run down her face quietly. (2)沿着河、沿着路 along

eg: He walked down the road. We sailed down the river. [adv]

(1)向下，朝下 to or at a lower place eg: He looked down (at her).

(2)（数量、力量等）减弱，降低

to show that the amount or strength of sth is lower eg: He finally settle down (in Florida).

(3)向南方，在南方 to or in the south of a country eg: They flew down (to Texas). (4)（写）在纸上；（列）在表格上 on paper, on a list Eg: Have you got me down (for the trip)?

【常见搭配】 作副词时：

一、动词+（名词）+down （1）blow sth down 刮倒，吹倒... （2）break sth down 摧毁；克服.... （3）burn sth down 烧毁... （4）close sth down 关闭...

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（5）cut sth down 砍伐...；缩减... （6）hold sth down 阻止，控制.... （7）keep sth/sb down 控制；压迫... （8）knock sb/sth down 撞击，撞倒... （9）mark sth down 记录，写下... （10）narrow sth down 缩小... （11）note sth down 记录，写下... （12）pass sth down 传递... （13）settle sb down 使...平静/安静下来 （14）let sb down 让某人失望 （15）turn sth down 拒绝... （16）write sth down 记下... 二、名词+动词+down

（1）sth break down 某物坏了

（2）sb calm down 某人冷静下来 （3）sth come down 某物掉下来，下跌 （4）sth cool down 某物冷却

（5）sth/sb fall down 某物坍塌；某人失败 （6）sth go down 某物落下，沉下 （7）sb kneel down 某人跪下 （8）sb look down 某人向下看 （9）sb look down (on sb/sth) 某人瞧不起... （10）sth pour down （雨水等）倾泻 （11）sb/sth slow down ...减速 17、during

【原始含义】“在…期间” all through a period of time eg: Not a word did they say (during the meal).

I haven’t had any meat (during the last several years). I saw Linda (during the meeting). 18、except 【原始含义】

ex-cept“拿出来”，take out, 除…以外 eg: Everyone was here except Tom.

【注 意】besides表示“加”，except表示“减”

【常见搭配】

（1）except for sth 除……之外 ; 除去… （2）except (that+句子) 除了… （3）nothing (except sth) 只有… 19、for

【原始含义】 “特定的某一方面” 因为 为了 过多久

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【引申含义】prep

（1）表示某一特定目的 meant to be given to... eg: I bought a gift for you.

He planned to write some stories for children. You have won honor for our country.

Many people come here for the beautiful scenery every year.

The government provides water and food for the poverty-stricken areas. （2）表示某一特定方向（车、船等）；往，向，朝着... towards... eg: She has left （for London）. The bus is for Shanghai.

Passengers （for Tianjin） change at Beijing. （3）表示某物特定的价值、数量 the price of... eg: I paid 5 dollars (for that book).

He rent the house (to me) (for 3000 yuan per month). （4）在某一特定方面，当做，作为 as eg: I will keep it (for a souvenir).

Most of the museums have been used (for offices). Don’t take others’ kindness (for granted). A take B for granted.

（5）表示特定的原因：因为，由于... Because of ... eg: Bejing is famous (for its long history).

I was grateful (to you) (for what you had done). He was criticized (for the careless attitude).

Forgive me (for keeping you waiting) (for a long time).

（6）表示在某一特定方面或出于某种特定原因的赞成、支持 eg: I vote (for Mr. Li).

Our manager is (for cutting down production cost). （7）表示特定时间或距离 certain length of time or distance

eg: We have learned English (for six years). I haven’t seen you (for ages).

That afternoon we walked (for miles) (along the river). （8）在某一特定方面的影响，对于... in regard to .... eg: She has a good taste (for music). He has a natural gift (for drawing).

Dickens shows great sympathy (for the poor) (in his novels). It’s good (for you) (to do exercise regularly). （9）就...而言，考虑到... considering eg: She is small (for her age).

His maturity seems unsuitable (for a boy of sixteen). It’s quite fine weather (for spring).

【常见搭配】

一、动词+(for+名词)

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in support of ... （1）answer (for sth) 为...负责 （2）appeal (for sb) 出庭为...辩护 （3）argue (for sth) 为...争辩 （4）ask (for sth) 请求要…

（5）charge (for sth/doing sth) 为...要价，收费 （6）compete (for sth) 为...竞争 （7）account (for sth) 解释，说明... （8）allow (for sth) 考虑到...

（9）call (for sb/sth) 去接某人；需要某物 （10）care ( for sb/sth) 喜欢，想要... （11）dig (for sth) 寻求… （12）enter ( for sth) 报名参加...

（13）go (for sb/sth) 进攻某人；喜欢，想要某物 （14）head (for some place) 朝某地前进 （15）leave (for some place) 出发前往某地 （16）hope (for sth) 期待，希望.... （17）long (for sth) 渴望... （18）look (for sth/sb) 寻找...

（19）hunt (for sth) 追寻，猎取 （20）search (for sb/sth) 搜寻...

（21）pay (for sth) 为...付款，为...付出代价 （22）prepare (for sth) 为...准备 （23）send (for sb) 派人去请... （24）sign (for sth) 签收...

（25）stand (for sth/sb) 代表，象征....；容忍 （26）strive/struggle(for sth) 为...而奋斗 （27）study (for sth) 攻读... （28）vote (for sb) 为...投票 （29）wait (for sb/sth) 等待...

（30）have an ear/eye( for sth)对...有鉴赏力

（31）pave the way (for sth) 为...铺平道路，扫除障碍

二、be+ 形容词+(for+ 名词) （1）be ambitious (for sth) 对...雄心壮志的 （2）be anxious (for sb/sth) 对...焦虑的，急切的 （3）be appropriate/suitable/fit (for sb/sth) 对....适合的

（4）be celebrated/famous/noted (for sth) 因...而著名的

（5）be competent/qualified (for sth/doing sth) 对...能够胜任的

（6）be desperate (for sth) 急需要...的 （7）be eager/hungry/thirsty (for sth)渴望...的 （8）be good (for sb/sth) 对...有益

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（9）be intended (for sth) 为...而计划的，设计的 （10）be prepared/ready (for sth) 对...准备好的 （11）be responsible (for sth) 对...负责 （12）be sorry (for sb/sth) 对...感到惋惜的 （13）be sufficient (for sb/sth) 对...是足够的 （14）be praised (for sth) 因...而受表扬 （15）be blamed/criticized (for sth) 因...而受责备 （16）be convenient (for sb) 对...是方便的 （17）be possible (for sb) 对...是可能的 （18）be grateful (for sth) 对...感激

三、名词+(for+名词)

（1）affection (for sb/sth) 对...的喜爱 （2）appeal (for sth) 对...的呼吁 （3）appetite (for sth) 对...的欲望 （4）candidate (for sth) ...的候选人 （5）capacity/capability (for sth/doing sth) 做...的能力 （6）cause (for sth) ...的原因

四、for+名词

（1）(for the moment/present) 暂时，现在 （2）(for my part) 就我而言 （3）(for pleasure/fun) 为了消遣 （4）(for sale) 出售 （5）(for example / instance) 例如 （6）(for the sake) (of sth) 为了...起见；为了…的利益 （7）(for fear) (of sth) / (for fear) (that+句子) 以免,唯恐 Please take the umbrella (for fear) (of rain). （8）For one thing,... For another, ... 一方面,... 另一方面，....（用来举例）

20、 from 【原始含义】 “从...离开” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）地点或时间上从...起始

to show where or when sth starts

eg: What is the distance from Beijing to Shanghai?

He showed great interest in music from an early age. （2）区别于...

distinguish between two people or things eg: You should learn to tell right from wrong. They could not distinguish one from the other,

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（3）免遭，免受... to show that sth is prevented eg: He saved the child from drowning. Trees protect the city from sandstorms. （4）使不做某事，使离开 keep sth away

eg: Her mother discourages her from living outside. （5）由...原料制成

eg: The coat is made from nylon. Flour is made from wheat.

（6）原因，根据 the reason for making a judgment eg: He is suffering from a stomachache.

【常见搭配】

一、名词＋(from+名词) （1）absence (from sth) 从...中的缺席 （2）difference (from sth) 与...的不同 （3）independence (from sb/sth) 从...中的独立 （5）recovery (from sth) 从...中的康复

二、动词+(from+名词)

（1）arise (from sth) 由...产生，引起 （2）benefit (from sth) 获益于... （3）come (from sth) 出身于...； 由...引起 （4）date (from some time) 始于...时候 （5）die (from sth) 死于...

（6）keep/stop/prevent sb/sth (from sth/doing sth) 阻止...做某事 （7）discourage sb (from sth/doing sth) 使...气馁，劝阻...不做某事 （8）divide A (from B) 把A 和B隔开 （9）escape (from sth) 逃脱,逃离... （10）graduate (from sth) 毕业于... （11）grow (from sth) 由...发展而来 （12）hear (from sb) 收到...来信 （13）infer (from sth) 从...推断（14）judge (from sth) 根据～～来判断

（15）protect/preserve A (from B)保护A免受B的伤害 （16）keep away (from sb/sth) 远离... （17）range (from A) (to B) 范围为A~B （18）result (from sth) 归因于... （19）recover (from sth) 从..中恢复 （20）release sb (from sth) 将某人从...中释放 （21）separate A (from B) 把A 和B分离开 （22）shelter (from sth) 躲避... （23）suffer (from sth) 受...折磨

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三、be+ 形容词＋（from+名词） （1）be absent (from sth) 缺席... （2）be different (from sth) 不同于... （3）be far (from sth) 远非... （4）be remote (from sth) 距离...遥远 （5）be safe (from sth) 安全，未遭受... （6）be free (from sth) 不受...的影响 （7）be tired (from sth) 因……而疲劳

四、其他短语

（1）from place to place 处处 （2）from beginning to end 从开始到结束 （3）from time to time 不时地，偶尔地 （4）from the bottom of one’s heart 从心底 （5）from now on 从现在起 （6）from bad to worse 越来越糟

21、 in

【原始含义】 “在...范围之中” 【引申含义】 prep

（1）在...范围之中（时间、地点）

eg: We sat down in the shade of the trees. Rome was not built in a day. （2）在...情绪之中

eg:I am in doubt about it.

They are in great enthusiasm about the project. （3）在...状态之中

eg:You have put yourself in danger. Their economy was in chaos. Please put all the books in order. （4）穿着...

eg: The police were all in plain clothes. I was in a jacket that day. （5）用...语言

eg: The letters were written in Chinese. What’s this in English? 【常见搭配】

一、动词+（in+名词） (1) add (in sth) 添加，加入... (2) believe (in sb/sth) 相信，信任... (3) break (in sb/sth) 插话，打断...

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(4) bring (in sth) 赚进，获得... (5) call (in sb/sth) 召来...; 收回... (6) delight (in sth/doing sth) 喜欢做... (7) end (in sth) 以...结尾 (8) engage (in sth) 参加，从事... (9) fill (in sth) 填写...; 填满... (10)get (in sth) 买进，收进... (11)give (in sth) 上交.... (12)grow (in sth) 在...方面增长 (13)hand (in sth) 提交... (14)instruct sb (in sth/doing sth) 教授，传授某人.. (15)invest time/money/energy (in sth) 将时间/金钱/精力投资于某事 (16)lie (in sth) 在于... (17)lose oneself (in sth/doing sth)埋头于... (18)major/specialize (in sth) 主修...； 专攻... (19)participate/take part (in sth/doing sth) 参加... (20)persist (in sth/doing sth) 坚持做... (21)play a part/role (in sth/doing sth) 在...中起作用 (22)put (in sth) 加进...，补充进... (23)put sb/sth (in the shade) 使...相形见绌 (24)put oneself (in sb’s shoes) 设身处地为...想 (25)result (in sth) 导致... (26)send (in sth) 提交，呈送... (27)succeed (in sth/doing sth) 成功做... (28)take (in sb) 收留...住宿 (29)take (in sth) 把...改小；理解...

二、be+形容词+（in+名词） (1)be interested (in sth/doing sth) 对...感兴趣 (2)be located (in some place) 坐落于..., 位于... (3) be included (in sth) 包含在...中 (4) be rooted (in sth) 植根于 (5)be absorbed (in sth/doing sth) 专心投入于... (6)be abundant (in sth) 在...方面丰富 (7)be dressed (in some color) 穿着某色的衣服 三、in +名词

(1)(in accord)(with sth) 与...一致，和谐 (2)(in addition)(to sth) 除...以外 (3)(in advance)(of sth) 在...之前 (4)(in agreement)( with sb/sth) 同意某人，同意某人的观点. (5)(in total) 加起来，总共 (6)(in answer)(to sth) 作为...的回答

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(7)(in an attempt)(to do sth) 试图做... (8)(in balance) 处于均衡状态 (9)(in case)(of sth)/in case (that+句子) 以防，唯恐... (10)(in chaos) 在混乱状态 (11)(in charge)(of sb/sth) 对...负责 (12)(in combination)( with sb/sth) 结合，联合... (13)(in comfort) 安逸，舒服 (14)(in company) (with sb) 和某人一同 (15)(in comparison)(with sth) 与...比较起来 (16)(in compensation)( for sth) 作为对...的补偿 (17)(in conclusion/summary) 最后，总而言之 (18)(in condition/shape) 状况好 (19)(in confidence) 私下地，私密地 (20)(in conflict) (with sb/sth) 与...矛盾，冲突 (21)(in connection) (with sth) 与...有关 (22)(in consequence) (of sth) 因为，由于... (23)(in consideration) (of sth) 考虑到... (24)(in control) (of sth) 掌握着，控制... (25)(in the corner) (of sth) 在...的角落里 (26)(in course) (of sth) 在...过程中 (27)(in curiosity) 好奇地 (28)( in the dark) 无知，不知 (29)(in one’s day) 成功，兴盛 (30)(in debt) 负债 (31)(in defence) (of sth) 防御，保卫... (32)(in delight) 高兴，满意 (33)(in demand) 非常需要，受欢迎 (34)(in depth) 深入地，彻底地 (35)(in the depth) (of sth) 在...最深处 (36)(in despair) 在绝望中 (37)(in detail) 详细地 (38)(in difficulty) 有困难，有麻烦 (39)(in disorder) 乱七八糟 (40)(in the distance) 在远处 (41)(in essence) 本质上，实质上 (42)(in any event) 不管怎样，无论如何 (43)(in exchange)(for sth) 交换... (44)(in the face)(of sth) 面临... (45)(in fact) 事实上 (46)(in fashion) 流行，时髦 (47)(in favor/support) (of sb/sth)支持... (48)(in the form) (of sth) 以...的形式，状态 (49)(in front) (of sth) 在...前面 (50)(in the future) 将来

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(51)(in general) 通常 (52)(in a manner) 在某种意义上 (53)(in memory) (of sb/sth) 纪念... (54)(in a minute/moment) 马上，很快... (55)(in a good/bad mood) 情绪好/坏 (56)(in operation) 工作中，运转着；起作用，生效 (57)(in the first place) 第一，首先 (58)(in point) (of sth) 就...而言，关于... (59)(in possession) (of sth) 占有，拥有 (60)(in power) 执政，掌权 (61)(in principle) 原则上，理论上 (62)(in public) 公开地，当众 (63)(in large quantities) 大量 (64)(in rags) 穿着破旧衣服 (65)(in some respects) 在某些方面 (66)(in respect) (of sth) 就...而言 (67)(in response) (to sth) 作为对...的反应 (68)(in return) (for sth) 作为对...的交换 (69)(in ruins) 毁坏，衰败 (70)(in the long/short run) 长远看；短期看 (71)(in a rush) 匆忙 (72)(in search) (of sb/sth) 寻找，搜寻... (73)(in a sense) 在某种意义上 (74)(in short) 简言之 (75)(in high/low spirits) 情绪高/低 (76)(in spite) (of sth) 虽然，尽管... (77)(in store) 贮藏，准备; 必将发生 (78)(in trouble) 陷入困境 (79)(in turn) 依次

22、inside

【基本含义】prep. “在...里面（静态）”

eg: I looked into the box, only to find nothing inside it. It was the first time he had been inside a theatre. 【常见搭配】

inside out: 彻底底，完全地

eg: He turned his drawer inside out for his car key. 23、into 【基本含义】

“进入...的里面（动态）” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）进入，到...里面

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eg: It was raining, so they went into the house. A look of joy came into his eyes. （2）表示“变成，成为”

eg: The book has been translated into many languages. All the buildings have been turned into hospitals. （3）表示“进入某种状态” eg: I burst into tears.

Many companies went into bankruptcy. 【常见搭配】

一、动词+sb/sth+(into+名词)

(1) argue sb (into doing sth)劝说某人做某事 (2) break (into sth) 突然开始...; 打断...; 闯入... (3) bring sth (into focus) 使...引起注意

(4) bring sth (into force) 使法律、法规等生效，执行 (5) burst (into sth) 突然（大哭/大笑/唱歌等） (6) change/turn (into sth) 变成...

(7) drive sb (into a corner) 将某人逼得走投无路.. (8) evolve (into sth) 进化成，发展成... (9) expand (into sth) 扩大成，发展成... (10) fall (into sth) 陷入...状态 (11) get (into sth) 养成...; 陷入某种状态 (12) go (into sth) 参加，投身于...; 审查... (13) grow (into sb/sth) 渐渐成为，变成... (14) look (into sth) 调查，研究... (15) pour (into sth) 涌进... (16) run (into sb/sth) 碰到，遇到... (17) take sb/sth (into account) 对...加以考虑 (18) temp sb (into sth/doing sth) 诱使...做某事 (19) throw oneself (into sth/doing sth) 热情地投入...

二、名词+（into+名词） (1) insight (into sb/sth) 对...的洞察力 (2) investigation/research (into sth) 对...的调查/研究

24、 like

【基本含义】“像” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）跟...一样 of the same kind as... eg: He was like a son to me.

He is lively, more like his mother. （2）典型...的，一向是...的 typical of ...

eg: It’s just like you to have no idea of the value of money. It’s like him to want to do something different.

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【常见搭配】 (1)look (like sth) 像是...的样子 (2) feel (like sth/doing sth) 想要... 25、of

【基本含义】 “某东西的实质” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）属于 belong to

eg: I am a student of New Oriental School. I’m an old friend of her mother. （2）由...制成的

eg: The desk is made of wood. The clothes is made of cotton. （3）表示人或物的性质

eg: They two are of the same height. English is of great importance.

（4）表示后者修饰前者；A of B： B 修饰A

eg: The 2008 Olympic Games was held in the City of Beijing. In rushed a giant of French officer.

（5）表示前者修饰后者的；A of B： A修饰B(此时A为数量词) eg: Millions of people are celebrating the festival. Four of us found a job after graduation. （6）表示关系，联系 in connection with eg: What you say of him is not fair. I’m proud of you. 【常见搭配】

一、 动词+(of+名词)

(1) accuse sb (of sth/doing sth) 指控某人某事 (2) approve (of sb/sth) 喜欢，赞同... (3) ask sth (of sb) 要求某人某事 (4) assure sb (of sth) 保证某人某事 (5) become (of sb/sth) 发生于... (6) boast (of sb/sth) 自夸，吹嘘... (7) catch sight (of sb/sth) 一眼看见，瞥见... (8) catch/grab/seize/take the hold (of sth) 抓住，得到...

(9) consist (of sth) 由...组成 (10) cure sb (of sth) 治愈某人某疾病 (11) die (of sth) 死于（某种疾病） (12) expect sth (of sb) 指望，期望某人某事 (13) get rid (of sb/sth) 摆脱掉... (14) have a high/low opinion (of sb/sth)对...评价高/低 (15) hear (of sb/sth) 听说过...

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(16) inform sb (of sth) 通知/告知某人某事 (17) inquire (of sb) 向...问询，打听 (18) leg go (of sb/sth) 放开，松开... (19) make (of sb/sth) 理解... (20) make a fool (of sb) 愚弄... (21) make fun (of sb/sth) 取笑... (22) make use (of sth) 利用... (23) remind sb (of sth) 使某人想起某事 (24) rob sb (of sth) 剥夺了某人某物 (25) speak highly/badly (of sb/sth) 对...评价高/低 (26) suspect sb (of sth) 怀疑某人某事 (27)take account (of sth) 考虑... (28) take care (of sb/sth) 照看...；处理... (29)tell (of sb/sth) 讲述... (30) write (of sb/sth) 写述...

二、a/an+名词+of

(1)an army of workmen/officials/ants 大批工人/官员/成群蚂蚁 (2)a bunch of roses/letters 一束玫瑰/一堆信

(3)a herd of deer/sheep/job seekers 一群鹿/羊/求职者

(4)a mass of snow/color/tourists 大堆雪/大片颜色/大量游客

(5)a (large/considerable) number of +可数名词 许多...

(6)a piece of advice/news/painting 一个忠告/一则新闻/一幅绘画

(7)a sequence of dance movements/historical plays 连续的舞蹈动作/一系列历史剧 (8)a series of victories/books 一连串胜利/一系列书籍 (9)a spot of lunch 少量午餐

(10)a string of beads/onions/curses 一串珠子/洋葱/诅咒

(11)a variety of sth=varieties of sth 多种多样的...

a variety of reasons/cloth 多种原因/多种布料

三、be+形容词+（of+名词） (1)be ashamed (of sb/sth) 为...感到羞愧 (2)be aware (of sth) 觉察到，意识到... (3)be capable (of sth/doing sth) 能够干...

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(4)be careful (of sb/sth) 当心，警惕... (5)be certain (of sth) 对...有把握/确信 (6)be characteristic/distinctive (of sb)是...的特征/特色 (7)be composed (of sb/sth) 由...构成 (8)be confident (of sb/sth) 对...有信心 (9)be conscious (of sth) 意识到... (10)be critical (of sb/sth) 对...挑剔 (11)be fearful/frightened (of sth) 对...害怕 (12)be full (of sth) 装满...的 (13)be glad (of sb/sth) 对...高兴 (14)be guilty (of sth) 犯了...罪 (15)be hopeful (of sth) 对...抱有希望 (16)be impatient (of sb/sth) 不能忍受... (17)be independent (of sb) 不依赖于... (18)be innocent (of sth) 未犯...罪的，清白的 (19)be short (of sth) 缺乏... (20)be tired (of sb/sth) 对...厌恶

四、其他搭配

(1)ahead of time/schedule 提前 (2)regardless of sth 不管，不顾... (3)scores of sth 很多... (4)kind of/sort of +adj 有点... (5)be +of +抽象名词(importance/significance/use) ...是重要的/有意义的/有用的 26、off

【基本含义】

“离开”（表示结果，与原来不一定有联系） 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）从某物体上分离出来（动态） eg: Cut small piece off the bread. Tom fell off the wall.

（2）表示离某物、某地有一定的距离（静态） eg：The old man lives on an island off the coast. The house stands off the main street. [adv]

（1）表示离开的动作

eg: He ran off to the station.

I went to the airport to see Caroline off. （2）表示时空距离

eg: The town is five miles off.

We are still some way off our destination. （3）表示“关，停”，离开了原来的状态

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eg: Please turn off the window before you leave the room. Turn off the radio! It’s too noisy. （4）表示缺席，不工作，离开工作位置 eg: I want to take the afternoon off.

The manager gave the staff one day off. 【常见搭配】 作介词时：

(off +名词)

(1) (off balance) (2) (off the point) (3) (off target) (4) (off the track) (5) (off the trail) (6) (off work) 作副词时：

一、动词+（off+名词）(1)call (off sth) (2)cut (off sth) (3)drive (off sb/sth) (4)fall (off sth) (5)get (off sth) (6)hold (off sth) (7)kill (off sth) (8)laugh (off sth) (9)let (off sth) (10)pay(off sth) (11)put (off sth) (12)put (off sb) (13)sell (off sth) (14)send (off sth) (15)set (off sth) (16)shake (off sth) (17)show (off sb/sth) (18)shut (off sth) (19)sleep (off sth) (20)switch/turn (off sth) (21)take (off sth) (22)walk (off sth) (23)wipe (off sth) 二、名词+动词+off (1)sb/sth cool off (2)sb/sth doze off (3)sth dry off

不平衡 离题 未达到目标 脱轨，离题 失去踪迹 不上班 取消... 切断... 击败，击退... 从...上摔下 脱下...；下车/船等 推迟...; 抵挡住... 杀死 ，除掉... 对...一笑了之 点燃，发射...; 释放... 还清... 推迟，延期... 使...反感; 使...分心 廉价出售... 发出... 激起，引发... 摆脱...; 抖掉... 炫耀，显示... 停止，切断...的供应 以睡眠消除（疲劳）等 关闭（电器、电源等） 脱下（衣帽）；拆除... 以散步消除... 擦去，抹去... ...冷静下来/...冷却下 ...打盹儿 ...脱水，变干燥

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(4)sb/sth ease off ...放松；...减轻，缓和 (5)sth fall off ...减少；...质量下降 (6)sb/sth get off ..出发，动身 (7)sb kick off ...去世 (8)sth pay off ...成功，起作用 (9)sb push off ...出发，离开 (10)sb/sth set off ...开始，出发 (11)sth take off ...起飞；...飞黄腾达 27、 on 【基本含义】 “吸附”

【引申含义】 prep.

（1）在...上面

eg: Put the book on the desk.

The portrait on the wall is very impressive. （2）抽象意义上的“在...上面”

eg: On this issue, some countries are under dispute. My mind is still on my thesis. （3）在某个特定的时间上

eg: The accident happened on the cold winter morning. Americans eat turkey on Christmas Day. （4）在...时，常与动名词或表示动作的词连用

eg: On hearing the news, she jumped up with joy. He decided to go with us on second thoughts. （5）“根据，按照” according to

eg: Everything is done on your advice. He was arrested on a charge of murder. （6）某人或某一事物所处状态 eg: I am on a tour to Japan.

The influence of China is rapidly on the rise. （7）关于，涉及... about...

eg: a lecture on English literature

Opinions are divided on this issue. 【常见搭配】

一、动词+(on+名词) (1)act (on sth) 依据，采纳... (2)advise (on sth) 就...提出建议 (3)agree (on sth) 就...达成一致 (4)attend (on/upon sb) 照料...

(5)avenge oneself (on sb) 为自己向...复仇 (6)base A (on B) 把A建立在B的基础上 (7)call (on sb) 呼吁.. (8)carry (on sth) 进行（交谈、谈论等）

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(9)come (on/upon sb/sth) 遇见某人；找到某物(10)comment (on sb/sth) (11)compromise (on sth) 在...上妥协 (12)concentrate/focus (on sth) 集中在...; 专心于... (13)count/reckon/rely (on/upon sb/sth) 指望...; 依赖... (14)feed (on sth) 以...为 (15)get (on sth) 穿上... (16)go (on doing sth) 继续做... (17)insist (on sth/doing sth) 坚持要干... (18)lay emphasis/stress (on sth) 强调.. (19)lecture (on sth/sb) 在...方面做演讲；训斥... (20)live (on sth) 以...为食；靠...为生 (21)prey (on sth) 捕食… (22)pride oneself (on sth) 以...自豪 (23)put (on sth) 穿上...; 增加... (24)reflect (on/upon sth) 仔细考虑... (25)remark (on/upon sth) 评论... (26)report (on/upon sth) 对...进行报 (27)run (on sth) 涉及，谈到... (28)settle (on sth) 选定，决定... (29)start (on sth) 开始进行，着手处置.. (30)switch/turn (on sth) 接通（电源、电器等） (31)take action (on sth) 对...采取行动 (32)take (on sth) 呈现... (33)take revenge (on sb) 向...复仇 (34)throw light (on sth) 阐明... (35)touch (on sth) 触及，谈到... (36)try (on sth) 试穿… (37)vote (on sth) 就...投票表决 (38)work (on sth) 致力于...

二、名词+(on+名词) (1)attack (on sb/sth) 对...的抨击 (2)comment (on sth) 对...的评论 (3)compliment (on sb/sth) 对...的赞美 (4)congratulations (on sth) 对...的祝贺 (5)impact (on sb/sth) 对...的影响 (6)impression (on sb) 给...留下的印象 (7)information (on sth) 关于...的情报/消 (8)policy (on sth) 在...上的方 (9)raid (on sth) 对...的突袭 三、on+名词

(1)(on sb’s advice) 按某人的建议 (2)(on the agenda) 在议程表

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评论...

(3)(on board) 上船，登机，上火车 (4)(on campus) 在校园 (5)(on the contrary) 相反 (6)(on the decline/decrease) 在减少 (7)(on the increase/rise) 在增长 (8)(on a diet) 在节食 (9)(on display/show) 展览，陈列 (10)(on earth) 究竟 (11)(on fire) 着火 (12)(on guard) 值班，警戒 (13)(on one’s knees) 跪着 (14)(on one’s feet) 站着 (15)(on one’s own) 单独，独自 (16)(on purpose) 故意地 (17)(on strike) 罢工 (18)(on the surface) 表面上 (19)(on second thoughts) 再考虑后 (20)(on top) (of the world) 幸福至极 (21)(on tour) 在巡回（演出/比赛）中 (22)(on vacation) 在度假 (23)(on the way) 在路上 (24)(on behalf) (of sb/sth) 代表... (25)(on the brink/edge)(of sth) 濒临...的边缘 28、opposite 【基本含义】

“op-po” 对立，在对面 【引申含义】 [prep]

（1）在...对面，相对的

eg: The bus stopped just opposite the post office. The book store lies opposite our neighborhood. （2）opposite 有时亦作 opposite to eg: He sat down opposite to her. [adj]

（1）对面的

eg: The garden was on the opposite side of the street. （2）相反的

eg: It will produce opposite effect.

She went away in the opposite direction. 【常见搭配】

quite the opposite “恰恰相反”

eg: Quite the opposite, she didn’t live up to her parents’ expectation.

29、out

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【基本含义】 “出”

out一般只有和of搭配时才能当介词（out of），单独使用时一般是副词： 【引申含义】

（1）从...出发，从...出来 from inside eg: He ran out of the house.

He could not get this out of his mind. （3）out of表示没有，缺少 lacking sth eg: We are out of petrol.

I’ve been out of touch with them for a great many years. （4）用...制作的 be made from... eg: Flour is made out of wheat.

It seems that the table is made out of ivory. （5）因为，由于 because of eg: I came out of interest.

Out of curiosity, I asked him about the exam. 【常见搭配】 作介词时：

一、动词+out of +名词

(1) argue sb (out of sth/doing sth)劝说某人不做某事... (2) come (out of sth) 从...中离开 (3) draw (out of sth) 拔出，取出... (4) get (out of sth) 避免，逃避... (5) go (out of sth) 消失，减弱... (6) keep (out of sth) 与...隔开 (7) look (out of sth) 从...向外看 (8) run (out of sth) 用完，耗尽... (9) sell (out of sth) 卖完... (10) slip (out of sth) 溜出... (11) throw (out of sb) 开除，解雇... 二、out of +名词 (1) (out of breath) 上气不接下气 (2) (out of danger) 脱险 (3) (out of fashion/date ) 落伍，过时 (4) (out of shape) 变形，身体不好 (5) (out of order) 顺序乱了 (6) (out of place) 不和谐 (7) (out of one’s mind) 发疯 (8) (out of reach) 不可企及，无法得到 (9) (out of use) 不再使用 (10) (out of work) 失业 (11) (out of the question) 不可能 (12) (out of control) 失控 (13) (out of temper) 发脾气

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作副词时：

一、动词+(out+名词) (1) bring (out sth) (2) burn (out sth) (3) clear (out sth) (4) cut (out sth) (5) dig (out sth) (6) find (out sth) (7) make (out sth) (8) pack (out sth) (9) pick (out sth) (10) point (out sth) (11) pour (out sth) (12) put (out sth) (13) leak (out sth) (14) leave (out sth) (15) set (out sth) (16) sort (out sth) (17) spell (out sth) (18) spread (out sth) (19) think (out sth) (20) figure (out sth) (21) try (out sth) (22) weigh (out sth) (23) work (out sth) (24) wear (out sth) (25) give (out sth) (26) turn out to be sth/ that 从句 二、名词+动词+out (1) sth come out (2) sb drop out (3) sth dry out (4) sth get out (5) sth give out (6) sb/sth go out (7) sb/sth hold out (8) sb set out (9) look out (10) sb/sth stand out/stick out 30、outside 【基本含义】 out+side“在外边” 【引申含义】

生产，出版... 烧毁... 把...腾空，清除 删去，略去... 挖出...; 搜索... 查明...; 寻找... 辨认出... 挤满... 挑选... 指出... 倒出... 扑灭...；分发.. 泄露... 省去...; 漏掉... 安排... 清理，分类... 拼出... 伸展... 仔细考虑，想出... 算出，想出... 试验... 称出，量出... 算出... 穿破，磨损... 散发，分发... 结果是，原来是... ...出现，显示 ...辍学 ...晾干 ...泄露 ...用完，耗尽 ...出去; ...公布 ...维持，坚持 ...动身，启程

当心，留神

...突出

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（1）外部的

eg: Outside the window lies a bridge. He left his car outside the gate. （2）除了 “except”

eg: No one knows it outside the members of my own family. No one was against the idea outside a few people. 【常见搭配】

stand outside 超出...的范围

eg: The question stands outside the scope of the development plan.

I can’t speak about this question as it stands outside my field of interest. 31、over

【原始含义】 “盖在...上面” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）在...上面 有接触的 无接触的 eg: I put a cloth over the table.

Through the veil over her face, I saw the gentle light of her eyes. eg: I saw a bridge over the river.

The red flags are fluttering over the main building. （2）对...的控制，在...之上

eg: The king reigns over a great empire. He has no control of his emotions. （3）涵盖，遍及...

eg: Shakespeare is famous all over the world. It’s raining over the north of China.

（4）跨越具体某物或抽象的障碍、困难等 to overcome eg: He heard a strange sound from over the wall. He got over most difficulties in learning English （5）在...问题上，与on 用法相似，over 更具反复性 eg: Don’t quarrel over your money again. It’s no use crying over split milk.

They had a good laugh over their mistake. （6）数量上高于，超过... eg: She is over sixty.

The population of China is over 1.3 billion. （7）over+一段时间，表示覆盖、包含整个时间段

eg: Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past five years. You have made great progress over the last few weeks.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+（over +名词） (1) turn (over sth) 仔细考虑... (2) go (over sth) 审阅,检查,研究 ...

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(3) get (over sth) 克服 ... (4) take (over sth) 接管,接替 ... (5) think (over sth) 仔细考虑 ... (6) look (over sth) 翻阅,检查... (7) watch (over sth) 看守,照看 ... (8) run (over sth ) 在…上驶过;浏览... (9) do (over sth) 清理...重新装饰... (10) carry (over sth) 使...继续，延续下去 (11) check (over sb/sth) 检查... (12) dominate (over sb/sth) 在...中处于支配地位 (13) hold (over sth) 延缓， 推迟... (14) lead (over sb/sth) 领先于... (15) look (over sth ) 检查，察看 (16) rule (over sb/sth) 统治，管理... (17) step (over sth) 迈过，跨过... (18) win (over sb) 说服... (19) have/gain/get an advantage (over sb/sth) 比...有优势 (20) have power (over sb/sth) 控制，支配... 二、名词＋(over+名词) (1) authority (over sb) 对...的支配权 (2) control (over sb/sth) 对...的控制 (3) advantage (over sb/sth) 比...的优势 (4) controversy (over sb/sth) 对...的争论 (5) outlook (over sth) ...的景色 (6) influence (over sb/sth) 对...的约束力，控制力 (7) victory (over sb/sth) 胜过... 32、past

【原始含义】 “超过”

【引申含义】 prep

（1）经过 up to then beyond

eg: I drove past your house yesterday.

（2）时间或年龄上超过 further than a particular point or stage eg: It is a quarter past nine.

（3）无法..., 超出了...范围 beyond sth

eg: It’s past understanding that he goes out without saying a word.

【常见搭配】 一、动词+past+名词 (1) walk ( past sth) 走过, 经过 ... (2) see ( past sth) 看穿... (3) look (past sth) 忽略...,不予追究...

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二、其它搭配

(1) in the past 在过去 (2) past compare 无与伦比，举世无双 (3) past dispute 无可争辩 (4) past caring 不在乎

33、regarding 【原始含义】

“有意识地相关”in connection with sth

eg: He wants to talk with me regarding his future. 【常见搭配】 (1) information (regarding sth) 关于...的信息 (2) problems ( regarding sth) 关于...的问题 (3) regulations (regarding sth) 关于...的规定 (4) instructions ( regarding sth) 关于...的指示 34、since

【原始含义】

“自从”“强调时间先后”from a time in the past until a later time, or until now eg: He has not written to his parents since last Christmas. I have been in Beijing since 2010. I have been here since then. 35、through 【原始含义】 “穿过，穿越” 【引申含义】 prep

（1）通过、穿过

from one end or side of sth /sb to the other eg: He walked through the door.

（2）贯穿一段时间 from the beginning to the end eg: It keeps raining through April.

（3）经历，经受（困难，考验） past a barrier, test eg: He has gone through the whole event. （4）通过某种途径 by means of

eg: The American people won their freedom through struggle. （5）由于..., 因...关系 as a result of

eg: The accident happened through his carelessness. adv

（1）从一端到另一端，通过 from one side to the other

Eg: The flood was too deep to drive throuth. （2）自始至终 from beginning to the end

Eg: Don’t tell me how the story ends---I haven’t read it all the way through yet.

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（3）接通 connected by telephone

Eg: I tried to call you, but couldn’t get through. 【常见搭配】 作介词时：

一．动词+（through+名词） (1) break (through sth) 突围，突破... (2) come (through sth) 从...中脱险 (3) cut (through sth) 穿过，穿透...; 冲破，克服... (4) drag (through sth) 缓慢穿越，慢慢通过（某障碍） (5) drive ( through sth) 驱车穿越... (6) drop ( through sth) 没能完成... (7) get ( through sth/sb)

通过..., 完成...；电话联系上某人，使某人理解 (8)go ( through sth) 通过...;搜查...;复习... (9)put ( through sth) 完成，执行...; 通过... (10) live ( through sth) 度过，经受住... (11) look ( through sth) 浏览...；详尽检查... (12) see ( through sth) 看穿，识破 (13) pull sb through 使...克服困难 ; 度过危机 (14) bring sb (through sth) 使某人脱离... (15) carry (through sth) 实现..., 坚持下去... (16) check (through sth) 查看，校阅... (17) follow ( through sth) 将...贯彻到底 (18) look ( through sth) 检查，浏览... (22) run ( through sth) 回顾，总结...;刺过...;挥霍... (20) smile ( through sth) 笑对... (22) think ( through sth) 彻底全面地考虑... (23) walk sb through 帮...排练

作副词时：

二．名词+动词+through (1) sth come through ...传来，传到 (2) sb/sth fall through ...失败，落空 36、throughout 【原始含义】

through+out“全部包括” 【引申含义】

（1）在整个...地区 in or into every part of sth

eg: The good news has spread throughout the country. （2）在整个...时间 during the whole period of time of sth eg: He has been feeling bad throughout the day. 37、to

【原始含义】

“去、到，强调目的、方向”

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【引申含义】：prep. (1)“到”某个位置、方向

in the direction of sth; towards sth eg: go to school (2)“到”某个时间、数目

the end or limit of a range or period of time eg: Don’t leave things to the last moment. (3)“到”某个状态 reaching a particular state

eg: The music can put you to sleep in a short while. (4)“对着”某个对象

the person or thing that receives sth eg: Don’t yell to me. (5)“对于”某个对象

the person or thing that is affected by an action eg: It is important to me.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+（to+名词） (1) add (to sth) 增添，增加... (2) amount (to sth) 总数达... (3) answer (to sth) 对...做出反应 (4) apologize (to sb) (for sth) 因某事向某人道歉 (5) appeal (to sb) 恳求...; 吸引... (6) apply (to sb) （规章、制度等）适用于... (7) aspire (to sth) 渴望，追求... (8) attend (to sb) 照看... (9) awake (to sth) 觉醒，意识到.. (10) belong (to sb/sth) 属于... (11) cling (to sb/sth) 紧紧抓住...; 坚持... (12) come (to sth/sb) 涉及某事; 某人突然想起... (13) contribute (to sth) 有助于... (14) correspond (to sth) 与...相符 (15) happen (to sb) ...发生在某人身 (16) lead (to sth) 导致... (17) object (to sth) 反对... (18) occur (to sb) (主意，想法等)出现在某人的脑海 (19) point (to sb/sth) 指向，针对... (20) refer (to sb/sth) 提到，涉及...; 查阅... (21) reply (to sth) 回复... (22) respond (to sth) 对...做出反应 (23) return (to sth) 回到... (24) run (to sth) 达到... (25) see (to sb/sth) 照看 (26) stick (to sth) 坚持，坚守...

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(27) yield (to sb/sth) 顺从，屈服于... (28) turn (to sb/sth) 向...求助 (29) turn a deaf ear (to sth) 对...充耳不闻 (30) turn a blind eye (to sth) 对...视而不见 (31) attach A (to B) 将A连接到B；将A赋予B (32) prefer A (to B) 相比B更喜欢A (33)owe A (to B) 把A归因于B (34)draw sb’s attention (to sth) 使某人注意到... (35)pay attention (to sb/sth) 注意... (36)do good/harm (to sb) 对某人有益/有害 (37)do damage (to sb/sth) 对...造成损害 (38)do justice (to sb/sth) 公平对待... (39)fall victim (to sth) 成为...的受害者 (40)get/have access (to sb/sth) 有机会接近... (41)get down (to sth) 开始认真做... (42)give birth (to sth) 产生，孕育... (43)give rise (to sth) 引起，导致... (44)give way (to sth) 屈服于... (45)give place (to sth) 让位于，被~~所替代 (46)help oneself (to sth) 未经许可自取... (47)hold fast (to sth) 坚持... (48)introduce A (to B) 把A 介绍给B (49)look forward (to sth) 期待... (50)pay a visit (to sb) 拜访... (51)drive sb (to despair)/(to desperation) 逼得...走投无路 (52)reduce sb (to silence)/(to tears) 使...静默；使...流泪

二、be+形容词+（to+名词）

(1) get/become/be used (to sth/doing sth) 习惯于... (2) be accustomed/adapted/adjusted (to sth/doing sth) 适应了...;习惯于... (3)be accessible (to sb/sth) 可接近...; 可用... (4)be addicted (to sth/doing sth) 沉迷于... (5) be alert (to sb/sth) 对...警觉 (6) be allergic (to sth) 对...过敏 (7) be awake (to sth) 对...觉察到，意识到 (8) be beneficial (to sb/sth) 对...有益处 (9) be blind (to sth) 对...视而不见，一无所知 (10) be close (to sb/sth) 接近，靠近... (11) be committed/devoted/dedicated (to sth/doing sth ) (12) be contrary (to sth) 违反，反对... (13) be deaf (to sth) 对...听不进 (14) be dear (to sb) 对...珍贵的 (15) be due (to sth) 由于...

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献身于...

(16) be engaged (to sb) 与...订婚 (17) be equal (to sth) 等于...; 能胜任... (18) be essential (to sb/sth) 对...必不可少的 (19) be fair (to sb) 对...是公平的 (20) be faithful/loyal (to sb/sth) 对...忠诚 (21) be familiar (to sb) 为...熟知 (22) be given (to sth) 有...倾向 (23) be inferior (to sb/sth) 低于...; 次于... (24) be superior (to sb/sth) 高于...; 优于... (25) be invaluable (to sb) 对...的价值极宝贵 (26) be invisible (to sth) 对...是看不见的 (27) be irresistible (to sb) 对...是不可抗拒的 (28) be married (to sb) 与...结婚 (29) be harmful (to sb/sth) 对...有害 (30) be merciful/sympathetic (to sb) 对...怜悯 (31) be native (to sth) 原产于... (32) be obliged (to sb) (for sth) 因某事感谢某人 (33) be opposed (to sb/sth) 反对... (34) be opposite (to sth) 与...相对 (35) be peculiar (to sb/sth) 为...所独有 (36) be prior to (sb/sth) 比...重要 (37) be polite (to sb) 对...礼貌 (38) be related (to sb) 与...有血亲/婚姻关系 (39) be relative (to sb/sth) 有关...; 涉及... (40) be responsible (to sb/sth) 对...负责 (41) be sensitive (to sth) 对...敏感 (42) be similar (to sb/sth) 与...相似 三、to+名词

(1) (to one’s joy/delight) 令...高兴的是 (2) (to one’s surprise) 令...惊喜，惊奇的是 (3) (to one’s sorrow) 令...悲伤的是 (4) (to one’s shame) 令...惭愧的是 (5) (to one’s advantage/disadvantage) 对...有利/不利的是

(6) (to one’s embarrassment) 令...窘迫的是 (7) (to one’s horror) 令...恐惧的是 (8) (to some degree) 有点，稍微，到某种程度 (9) (to the point) 中肯，扼要，到点子上 (10) (to one’s taste) 合...的口味 38、toward(s) 【原始含义】 to+ward“方向、趋势” 【引申含义】：prep.

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(1) 表示动作的方向 in the direction of sb/sth eg: He ran toward to horizon. (2) 对于 in relation to sb/sth

eg: She has a mixed feeling towards him. (3) 朝向..., 快要达到...

eg: They arrived at the airport towards four o’clock.

【常见搭配】 一、动词+（towards+名词） (1)advance (towards sth) 向...推进 (2)incline/tend (towards sth) 倾向于，易于... (3)work (towards sth/doing sth) 努力达到...

二. 名词+（towards+名词） (1) affection (towards sth) 对...的喜爱 (2) attitude (towards sth) 对...的态度 (3) contribution (towards sth) 对...的贡献 (4) preference (towards sth) 对...的优待，优惠 (5) tendency/trend (towards sth) ...的趋势 39、under

【原始含义】 “在...正下方”prep. 【引申含义】

(1) 在某物之下 below

eg: The dog likes sitting under the table. (2) 低于 less than

eg: It’s population is under 2000. (3) 受...支配 who or what controls

eg: We will be very happy to work under his leadership. (4) 在某一情况的控制下，在...过程中 eg: The road is under repair.

Under no circumstance should you do that.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+（under+名词） (2)fall (under sth) 归入，列为...；受...领导 (3)get (under sth) 隐藏在...下；控制，镇压... (4)get (under sb’s skin) 惹恼某人 (5)hold (under sb/sth) 控制，统治... (6)keep (under sb/sth) 使...镇静；统治，控制... (7)keep sb (under observation) 严密监视... (8)live (under sb/sth) 经历...的统治 二、under +名词 (1) (under control) 被控制住

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(2) (under discussion/dispute) 在讨论中/在争议中 (3) (under pressure) 在压力下 (4) (under repair) 在修理中 (5) (under examination) 在检查中 (6) (under construction) 在建设中 (7) (under consideration) 在考虑中 (8) (under investigation) 在调查中 (9) (under development) 在发展中 (10) (under process) 在过程中 (11) (under the sun) 在世界上，任何地方;究竟 (12) (under way) 进行中,在行进 (13) (under fire) 遭到炮火射击,受到攻击 (14) (under the circumstances) 在这种情况下, 因为这种情况 (15) (under no circumstances) 决不，在任何情况下都不 (16) (under one’s guidance) 在…指导下 (17) (under age) 未成年的；未达到规定年龄的 (18) (under the mask of sth) 借...的名义 (19) (under suspicion) 受怀疑，涉嫌 (20) under the illusion/impression that +句子 误以为...;原以为...;错以为... 40、until/till 【原始含义】

“某人或某物从一个过程中走到一个固定的点” up to the point in time or the point mentioned eg: I shall go on working until next week.

In any case, it’s better to wait until tomorrow. 【常见搭配】 一、until的搭配 not... until... 直到...才... eg: He didn’t go to bed until his mother came back. I didn’t realize he is Chinese until he spoke.

41、up

【原始含义】

“向上,从一个起点循序渐进地增加的过程”（动态） 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）向...上面，由...向上to or in a higher place somewhere eg: He ran up the hill.

（2）沿着马路、沿着河 along a road or river eg: He lived up the river.

We walked together up the garden path.

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（3）抽象意义上的向上，朝积极方向发展 develop towards a positive direction

eg: Cheer yourself up! It’s nothing of a big deal. adv.

（1）向上，在上面 towards or in a higher position Eg: He jumped up from the chair. （2）加大，增高 at a higer level Eg: Prices are going up. （3）向北方

Eg: They have moved up north. （4）完全地，彻底地 completely Eg: The river has dried up. （5）结束，关闭

Eg: I have some work to finish up. （6）发生，出现 Eg: What’s up?

【常见搭配】 作副词时：

一、动词+（up+名词） (1)add (up sth) 加起来... (2)back (up sb/sth) 支持... (3)blow (up sb/sth) 夸张，夸大... (4)break (up sth/sb) 使...破碎，使...崩溃，毁掉... (5)bring (up sb) 抚养... (6)brighten (up sth) 使...明亮/活跃 (7)build (up sth) 积累...; 加强... (8)burn (up sth) 烧掉，焚毁... (9)call (up sb) 召唤，动员... (10)catch (up sth) 迅速抓起...; 采纳... (11)cheer (up sb/sth) 使...振奋 (12)cover (up sth) 掩饰，包庇... (13)dig (up sth) 挖出... (14)do (up sth) 捆扎...; 重新装饰... (15)dry (up sth) （使）枯竭；（使）干涸 (16)eat (up sth) 吃光，耗尽.. (17)fill (up sth) 填满，装满...; 弥补，填补... (18)fix (up sth) 安排，安顿，照应... (19)fold (up sth) 折叠... (20)follow (up sth) 追究，追查... (21)heat (up sth ) （使...)变热 (22)hold (up sth) 耽搁，阻止... (23)keep (up sth) 使...保持良好状态，继续实行.. (24)lift (up sth/sb) 举起，提起...; 使...振奋

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(25)light (up sth) 照亮... (26)look (up sth) 查阅... (27)make (up sth) 打扮...; 编造...弥补... (28)mess (up sth) 弄乱... (29)open (up sth) 开发，开辟... (30)pack (up sth) 把...收起来放好 (31)pick (up sth) 捡起...; 偶尔学会... (32)polish (up sth) 擦亮...; 改善... (33)put (up sth) 举起...; 搭建...; 提出... (34)quicken (up sth) 加速. (35)set (up sth) 竖起...; 建立... （机构等） (36)start (up sth) 创办... (37)sum (up sth) 总结.. (38)take (up sth) 举起，拿起...; 开始做...; 占据... (39)tear (up sth) 撕毁，撕破... (40)turn (up sth) 开大...的音量 (41)use (up sth) 用完，耗尽... (42)warm (up sth) 加热...; 使...活跃 (43)weigh (up sth) 考虑，斟酌...

二、名词+动词+up (1) sth/sb break up ...破碎；...崩溃 (2) sth/sb blow up ...爆炸；...发怒 (3) sth come up ...长出；（问题）等被提出 (4) sb dress up ...穿盛装，打扮 (5) sth ease up ...减轻，缓和 (6) sth go up ...上升，上涨 (7) sb grow up . ...长大了，成熟了 (8) sb get up ...起床 (9) sb give up ...放弃 (8) sb hang up ...突然挂断电话 (9) sth heal up ...愈合，康复 (10) sb hurry up ...赶快 (11) sb jump up ...突然（从座位上）站起 (12) sb/sth pick up ...好转 (13) sb queue up . ...排队 (14) sth shape up ...发展顺利 (15) sth shoot up ...暴涨，激增 (16) sb show up ...出场，露面 (17) sb sit/stay up all nights ...不睡，熬夜 (18) sb/sth slow up ...减缓，迟钝 (20) sb turn up ...来到，出现

二、 be+形容词+up +其他介词

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(1) be bound up (in sth/doing sth) 忙于...; 热衷于... (2) be bound up (with sth) 与...密切相关 (3) be close up (to sb/sth) 离...很近 (4) be fed up (with sth) 厌倦了... (5) be wrapped up (in sth) 全身心投入于... 42、upon 【原始含义】 upon=on “较正式”

eg: This is a book upon English. 【详细用法参考on】 43、with

【原始含义】 “在一起，伴随” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）和...在一起、一道 in the company of eg: He lives with his parents. （2）支持某人 in support of

eg: I am with you on your point.

（3）对人或物的态度或情绪 the attitude towards sb/sth eg: The dog is friendly with me. My father is strict with me. （4）用、以... using sth

eg: Kill two birds with one stone. （5）带着 having or carrying sth

eg: The man with glasses is our teacher.

She is wearing a ring with a diamond on it.

（6）表示原因（伴随某种原因产生了相应结果）because of eg: She was beside herself with joy. His eyes shone with pleasure.

（7）表示伴随动作同时产生的动作或情绪 in the company of certain emotion eg: She looked at me with smile.

You must handle the problem with great care. （8）表示“尽管” in spite of sth

eg: With all his faults, he is frank and honest.

【常见搭配】

一、动词+with+名词

（1）compromise (with sb) 与...妥协 （2）confront sb (with sth) 使某人面对某事 （3）confuse A (with B) 把A和B混淆 （4）continue (with sth) 继续做... （5）experiment (with sth) 尝试，试用...

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（6）find fault (with sb/sth) 挑...的错 （7）have to do (with sth) 与...有联系 （8）impress sb (with sth) 以...给某人留下深刻印象 （9）inspire sb (with sth) 以...激励某人 （10）quarrel (with sb) 和...吵架 （11）go (with sth) 伴随...; 与…协调 （12）agree (with sb) 同意某人的意见 （13）begin (with sth) 以…开始 （14）communicate (with sb ) 与…交流 （15）compare A (with B) 把A和B比较 （16）cope/deal (with sth) 处理 ... （17）fill A (with B) 用B装满 A （18）help/assist sb (with sth) 帮助某人做某事 （19）keep company (with sb) 与…交往

（20）keep/hold pace (with sb/sth)跟上...，与… 同步 （21）keep touch (with sb) 与...保持联系 （22）make friends (with sb) 与…交朋友 （23）play (with sb) 以 …为消遣，玩弄 （24）shake hands (with sb) 与…握手 （25）talk (with sb) 与某人谈话 （26）chat (with sb) 和某人聊天 （27）have a conversation (with sb) 与…谈话；交谈 （28）fight (with sb) 与…争斗 （29）combine A (with B) 将A和B结合 （30）unite (with sb/sth) 联合... （31）replace A (with B) 以B代替A 二、be+adj+（with+名词）

（1）be strict (with sb) 对…人要求严格 （2）be careful (with sth) 小心... （3）be angry (with sb) 对（某人）发脾气 （4）be busy (with sth) 忙于做某事 （5）be covered (with sth) 被…覆盖 （6）be patient (with sb ) 对某人有耐心 （7）be connected (with sb/sth) 与...相联系 （8）be equipped (with sth) 用...装备 （9）be faced (with sb/sth) 面对... （10）be comfortable (with sth) 对...感到舒适 （11）be content/satisfied (with sb/sth) 对...满意 （12）be consistent (with sth) 与...相符的，一致的 （13）be delighted/pleased (with sth)对...愉悦，高兴 （14）be familiar (with sth) 对...熟悉 （15）be obsessed (with sb/sth) 对...迷恋 44、within

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【原始含义】 with+in“在...之内” 【引申含义】 prep.

（1）在...之内 inside sth/sb eg: A desire for success burns within him. （2）不超过... inside the range or limits of sth eg: The book is within reach of the students. （3）在...时间以内 not beyond a certain time eg: You must finish the task within three months.

【常见搭配】

名词+within+名词 （1）(within doors) 在屋内 （2）(within limits) 适当地 （3）(within measure) 适当地,适度 （4）(within sb.'s reach/grasp) 为某人力所能及 （5）(within sight) 在视线内,看得见的 45、without 【原始含义】 with+out“没有” 【引申含义】 prep.

(1)没有...事物 not having sth

eg: We couldn’t have finished the work without you. (2)没有做... not doing the action mentioned eg: He left without telling me. 【常见搭配】

一、动词+（without+名词） (1) do (without sth) 不需要...,不用... (2) go (without sth) 没有...也讲将就过去，忍受..

二、without+名词 (1) (without end) 无穷尽 (2) (without exception) 不例外 (3) (without limit) 无限制 (4) (without rest) 立即 (5) (without care) 不小心/不谨慎 (6) (without compare) 无与伦比 (7) (without fail) 一定

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