初三英语:感叹句和祈使句专题

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一、 感叹句

一、什么叫感叹句 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,读时一般用降调。 二、感叹句型总结 【句型一】What + (a / an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语! 1) What +a/an+形容词+名词+其他成分!

例: →What an interesting film it is! 这是一部多有趣的电影啊! 2) What + 形容词+复数名词+其他成分!

例: What beautiful flowers they are! (它们是)多么漂亮的花啊! 3) What + 形容词+不可数名词+其他成分! 例: →What wonderful weather! 天气真好!

【说明】 在感叹句中,What a / an 常用来修饰单数可数名词,若其前面的形容词为元音开头,则用 an。what 是用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。但有些不可数名词,如 rain, surprise, breakfast, lunch 等,当前面有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 what a / an,如:

What a heavy rain it is! 多大的一场雨啊! What a great surprise it is! 这多么令人惊奇啊! What a rich breakfast it is! 多么丰盛的一顿早餐啊! 【句型二】How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 1) How +形容词+ a/an +名词+其他成分!(how引导感叹句,名词放在形容词后) How careful a boy he is! 他是多么细心的一个男孩啊! 对比: What a carful boy he is! 2) How+形容词或副词+其他成分!

例: How carefully he did the work! 他做这工作多仔细啊!

三、感叹句巧解法 (1)一找·二断·三辨·四确定:

构成感叹句的感叹词有两个:what和how,其基本结构是: 1)What+名词+陈述肯定式:

2)How+形容词(或副词)+陈述肯定式

很多同学常常对该用what还是该用how弄不清楚。如: ①____cold water this is! A.How B.What ②____cold it is!

A.What B.How

如果我们采取“一找·二断·三辨·四确定”的方法很快就能确定该选哪个感叹词。 “一找”即先找出句中的主语。

“二断”就是在句中的名词(形容词、副词等)与代词(或名词)之间断开。 例如上面第一句应在water与this中断开(因this是指示代词),

“三辨”就是断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性,句①中断线前的词是water,而water是名词。

“四确定”就是确定如果是名词就选what,是形容词就选how。 所以第一例句就选B。

上面两个例句是最基本最简单的填空题形式。但只要掌握这个方法,即使再复杂的填空题也会迎刃而解。不过还要注意,如果断开后,断线前的那个中心词是单数可数名词,千万别忘了在感叹词与名词间加冠词a(an)。例如: ____nice present it is!

A.How B.What C.How D.What a

用上述方法,从present与it之间断开,断线前present是名词,且为单数可数名词,nice又以辅音开头,故选D。

(2)“断→找→去→添→改”五步法:

若把一个陈述句变为感叹句,可以采取这“五步法”。如: The picture is very beautiful. 断:在陈述句中的谓语动词后将句子断开: The picture is|very beautiful. 找:划出断线后的中心词是何词类。

去:中心词是形容词或副词时,要把修饰该形容词或副词的词去掉。(比如本句中心词beautiful是形容词,修饰该词的是very,变时应去掉very。但须注意,线后如果是名词,名词前的修饰语是万万不能去掉的。

添:就是添上感叹词。如果线后的中心词是名词,就添What;是形容词或副词就添How。

改:将陈述句句前的大写改为小写,将变为感叹句的感叹词及其修饰的名词部分放在句首,感叹词首写字母改为大写。同时句尾的标点由陈述句的句号改为感叹句的感叹号。 据此,上句就变成了:How beautiful the picture is!

感叹句-中考链接

42. warm and rainy weather it was last November in Shanghai.(2015浦东一模) A. What B. What a C. What an D. How

38. _____ helpless the poor little girl is after she lost both her parents in the car accident! (2015

徐汇1模) A) How B) What C) What a D) What an 43. exciting program Tint Running Man is! (2015上海杨浦区一模)

A) What B) What a C) What an D) How 38. _______ exciting music the recording is playing! (2015长宁区一模) A) What B) What a C) What an D) How 41. ______ useful information she offered us! We all thank her. (2015黄埔一模) A) What B) What a C) How D) How a 42. useful information Mr. Brown gave us just now!(2015奉贤区一模) A. How a B. How C. what a D. what

40. ______ helpful advice you gave us on protecting personal information the other day!(2015静安区一模)

A) What B) What a C) What an D) How 32. – Now that the problem is solved, why not have a break?(2015虹口区一模) – What nice ________!

A) excuse B) attitude C) result D) advice

( ) 41. __________ time we will probably have in 2040! (2015金山区一模) A) What wonderful B) How wonderful C) What a wonderful D) How a wonderful

42. ______ sad we were to hear about Yahang's air crash last month. (2015松江区一模)

A) What B) What a C) How D) What an 26. ______ important news is to everybody in modern society!(2015嘉定区一模) A. What B. How an C. How D. What an

62. Shanghai International Art Festival brought us many wonderful performances.(改为感叹句)(2015闸北区一模)

_______ _______ performances Shanghai International Art Festival brought us !

63. Lind has a pretty wooden horse. (改为感叹句) (2015普陀区一模) ____________ ____________ pretty wooden horse Linda has!

65. We have fine weather today. (改为感叹句)(2015宝山区一模) ________________________weather we have today!

2015年2模

33. Debbie is wearing a new skirt. lovely she looks! (崇明县)

A) What

B) What a

C) What an

D) How

63. My pen friend has sent me a very beautiful birthday card.(改为感叹句)(黄浦区) _________ _________ beautiful birthday card my pen friend has sent me!

65. It’s fun to have a barbecue on such a sunny day. (改为感叹句)(嘉定区) it is to have a barbecue on such a sunny day!

38. ________ pleasant weather it is! Let’s go out and enjoy the sunshine!(金山区) A) How B) What C) What a D) What an

39. exciting it is to join a club and work with friends during summer holidays!(静安区)

A) How B) How an C) What D) What an

38. _ _ nice film Wolf Totem (狼图腾) is! I'd like to see it again if l am free.(浦东新区)

A) How B) What an C) What D)What a 64.The audience arrived at the theater very early. (改为感叹句)(普陀区) the audience arrived at the theater!

36. ________ enjoyable the journey was! We really had a great time.(松江区)

A) What B) What a C) What an D) How

65. He feels so proud to be elected chairman of the Students’ Union. (改为感叹句) (徐汇区) ________ ________ he feels to be elected chairman of the Students’ Union

二、 祈使句

一、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)

定义:用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号来表示结束。例:

Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)

Look out!Danger! (小心!危险!——强烈警告,已如感叹句) Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止)

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如:

You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯你去告诉他。) 二、相关口令

祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 三、表现形式 ●肯定结构:

1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构:

1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!

2. Let型的否定式有两种“:Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!

祈使句的反义疑问句:

省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。 Don’t do that again, will you? Go with me, will you?

Let’s 开头的祈使句,反义疑问句用:shall we? Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we? Let us开头的祈使句,反义疑问句用:will you? Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?

【课堂练习】

1. The TV is too loud. Please________.

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