新概念英语二经典语法讲解Lesson10

New Concept English 新概念经典语法讲解

Lesson 10 Not for jazz

1．We have an old musical instrument. 我家有件古乐器。

instrument常用的意思是“器械”、“器具”，尤指医疗、机器等方面的。但它可以用来泛指各种乐器。

2．It is called a clavichord. It was made in Germany in 1681.

被称做古钢琴,是1681年德国造的.

（1）call “把??称为”、“称呼” 既可用于主动语态，也可用于被动语态： a. What do you call this? 你们把这称为什么？ b. They call him big Tom. 他们叫他“大个子汤姆”。 (2) make动词经常用于被动语态。当它与不同的介词搭配时，意义也稍有不同。 ? made in可表示产地或时间：

a. This bike was made in China. 这辆自行车是中国造的。 b. It was made in 1988. 它生产于1988年。 ? made of表示用某种材料制成（通常指制造后不改变该材料原来的性质或形状）： a. This chair is made of wood. 这椅子是木制的。

? made from表示用数种材料制成，或者是制造后改变了材料原来的性质或形状(看不出原料/多种原

料)：

a. Paper can be made from wood. 用木材可以造纸。 ? made by表示由谁制造：

a. This skirt was made by Mary. 这条裙子是玛丽做的。

翻译训练：我的车是美国制造的；顾晗，你不必客气，可以随时用它。

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．It has belonged to our family for a long time.我们家有这件乐器已经很久了

belong为不及物动词，因此不能用于被动语态。另外，它是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以它也不能用于进行时。它最常用的时态是一般现在时和一般过去时：

a. These books belong to me. (These books are mine.) 这些书是我的.

b. This farm belongs to me and it belonged to my father before me. 这个农场现在属于我；在此之前它属于我父亲。

翻译训练：这辆车是我爸爸去年买的，由美国制造。现在它属于我了；顾晗，你不必客气，可以随时使用它。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. damage

（1）n. 损害，损失，伤害：

a. The storm has done a lot of damage to the village. 暴风雨给这座村庄造成了很大损失。 翻译训练：郑博洋给王梓仪的房子造成了很大的损害。

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这张桌子属于王梓仪，是用木头做的。但在三天以前，郑博洋严重损害了它。

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b. Damage to the building could take six months to repair.修复这座大楼的破坏需要六个月时间。 （2）vt. 损害，毁坏，损坏：

a. Smoking can severely damage your health. 吸烟能严重损害你的健康。

翻译训练：这房子是由木头建成的。它属于王梓仪。上个月，王梓仪拒绝借给郑博洋钱，他很是恼火,于是他严

重毁坏了那房子。修复它需要六个月。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. The sun can damage your skin.

c. The car was badly damaged in the accident. 在这次事故中，这辆车受到了严重的损坏。

5．She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken她在击琴键

时用力过猛，损坏了两根琴弦。

(1) and并列连词 在这里的意义相当于so，表示后一句是前一句的结果。再如： He fell heavily and broke his arm. 他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了。

(2) key n. 琴键、钥匙→题解; 答案→ a.极重要的; 关键性的

a. I lost my house keys.

翻译训练：?丢了房子钥匙，更糟糕的是（what’s worse），她/他摔得很重，手臂都摔断了(这次你可以把上

面的句子换一换主语，发泄你的怒气了！) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 防止遗忘，请再次跟上一篇文章的语言点联系起来：

翻译训练：利群购物中心(Liqun Shopping Center)满是购物者。有一个老头重重地摔倒了，手臂都摔断了。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ b. I could hear someone turning the key in the lock. c. A bunch of keys hung from his belt. d. This is the key to the door.

e. Working well as a team is the key to success. 如同一个团队一样工作是成功的秘诀。 f. Do you know the key to the question? 你知道这个问题的答案吗？

g. The President makes all the key decisions on foreign policy.就外交问题总统做出所有关键性的决定。

6. My father was shocked. shock v. 使不悦或生气, 震惊

a. The news shocks me 这个消息使我震惊

b. The news of his mother's death was a terrible shock to him. 他母亲去世的噩耗使他非常震惊. c. I was shocked at the news of her death. 我听到她去世的消息十分震惊.

d. My mother got a shock when she saw my new haircut.

翻译训练：一块石头打中了何楷文的鼻子，他痛得大叫起来。当她妈妈看到他流血的鼻子（bleeding nose）时，

吃了一惊。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ e. It will give him a shock when he sees how much you've spent.

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凡是能够用 “人” 做宾语, 又是表示人的情绪活动的动词, 有两个形容词形成 : 1.令人??; + -ing 2.感到?? + -ed

It shocked me. It is shocking. I'm shocked.

What she did was so shocking that I can hardly describe it. 她的行为太过分了, 我简直无法形容. 下面我们再来重复第四课学到的两个例子：

excite---exciting---excited interest---interesting---interested a. The news is exciting. b．I’m excited.

c. In my class I always try my best to excite my students在我的课上，我总会努力是我的学生兴奋起来。

王开源的?老师是个老头/老太婆，他/她从来没有让王开源在他/她的课上兴奋起来。

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ?老师是个令人兴奋的人。在他/她的课上王开源总是很兴奋。

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ c. The book interests me.

d. My English teacher is an interesting man. e. I feel interested in surfing the Net. 王梓仪是一个很有趣的人；她对《哈利波特》‘Harry Potter’很感兴趣。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 区别：surprise shock

surprise 好事坏事都可以, 只要你没有料到 I want to give you a surprise. shock 必指坏事, 令人不悦, 生气的

7. Now we are not allowed to touch it.

(1) allow v. 允许, 让 Allow常用于被动语态, 习惯上用被动

allow doing allow sb. to do sth sb. be allowed to do sth. a. Smoking is allowed.＝people allow smoking. b. You are allowed to smoke (被动语态)

c. You are not allowed to enter the room if you don't knock on the door. 翻译训练：“不敲门，就不允许你进这个门！”王梓仪冲着王开源大喊道。

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(2) touch

（1）vt., vi. 触摸，碰：

a. You are not allowed to touch the vase. 你们不许碰花瓶。

b. You can look at the pictures, but you can't touch them. 你们可以观看这些画，但不可以摸。 （2）vt. 谈及，涉及，关系到：

a. A rise in the cost of living touches everyone. 生活费用的增加与每个人都有关系。

8. It is being repaired by a friend of my father's.

(1)be+动词的ing形式 : 进行时态be+done: 被动语态 be being done : 被动语态的现在进行时 be动词有多少种时态, 被动语态就有多少种

have been done will be done can be done had been done

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is/am/are/was/were/ done

I will make a cake./Tomorrow the cake will be made. The cake has been made. The cake was made.

The cake had been made.

(2)双重所有格(The double genitive)

-'s 结构的所有格也可用于“of结构”之后，如：a friend of my father's（我父亲的一位朋友），意思是我父亲的许多朋友之一。出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词。例如在son一词之前，我们不会同时用this和my两个限定词，而只可说this son of mine（我的这个儿子）。其他一些表示所属关系的代词的例子如a friend of yours（你的一个朋友），an uncle of hers（她的一个叔叔）等。在名词前面，我们可以用a, this, that, these, some, any, no等等，但不用 the。He is a friend of mine（他是我的一个朋友）比He is my friend更常用，后者含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。而 He is no friend of mine的含义是“我根本不认识他”.

只有一张照片 my photo 很多照片中的一张 a photo of mine

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Grammar in use 被动语态 (The passive) (1)

主动语态与被动语态皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物：

We clean the classroom every day. The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day. We cleaned yesterday. the classroom The classroom (by us) yesterday. was cleaned We are cleaning the classroom now.

The classroom_____________________

We will clean the classroom tomorrow.

The classroom___________________________

We must clean the classroom right now.

The classroom ____________________________________

He must have cleaned the classroom.

The classroom ____________________________________

We have cleaned the classroom now.

The classroom__________________________

We had cleaned the classroom before we left. The classroom__________________________ 被动语态构成：be + done(动词的过去分词)

John cooked the food last night. 约翰昨天晚上做了饭。 在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的：

The food was cooked last night. 饭是昨天晚上做的。

被动语态由be的一种形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。例如：现在正在进行着的动作也要用现在进行时：

The instrument is being repaired by a friend of my father's. 父亲的一个朋友正在修理这件乐器。 已经完成的动作要用完成时：

动词作及物动词用（即动词后可加宾语）时才能构成被动语态。

如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by+ 行为主体”结构： That table was made by my grandfather. 那张桌子是我祖父做的。 “行为主体”也可以不表示出来：

a. This piano was made in England. 这架钢琴是英国造的。 b. The car was repaired last week. 这辆车是上星期修的。

以划线部分为主语，变成被动句。

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1. Someone made the piano in Germany.

The piano

2. We keep it in the living room.

3. Someone repairs it every six months.

4. My mother bought it twenty years ago.

5. Someone damaged the piano recently.

6. They broke some of the keys.

7. He is washing his clothes now.

8. His father is writing a letter to Dan.

9. He has repaired the piano now.

10. The girl had finished her homework before she went to bed.

11. The boys have washed their clothes.

12. The dogs had lost their food before they returned.

13. She will comb her hair after the breakfast.

1. People call it a clavichord.

2. Someone made it in Germany in 1681.

3. We keep our clavichord in the living room.

4. My grandfather bought the instrument many years ago.

5. A visitor damaged it recently.

6. She broke two of the strings.

7. My father doesn’t allow us to touch it.

8. A friend of my father’s is repairing it.

1. I receive a letter from my brother every week.

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We plant a lot of trees in spring.

2. He is washing his clothes now.

The police are sending the bike to my home.

3. The police asked my father to call at the station.

A boy found the bike in a small village.

4. He has washed all the dishes.

I have finished my homework now.

5. I had turned off all the lights before I went to bed.

She had lost her money before she returned home.

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