汽车工程专业英语

Chapter 1 Automotive Basics

(1) Today s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。

当今的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 1.1 Body（车身）

(2) The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 车身的设计要保证乘客安全舒适。车身的款 式使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。 1.2 Engine（发动机）

(3)The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline and diesel . Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the transmission . 内燃机是最常见的，其动力来自气缸里液体燃料的燃烧。发动机有汽油机和柴油机两种，都称为热机燃料燃烧产生热量，使得气缸内气体压力升高，从而提供动力，带动连接变速器的轴旋转. 1.3 Chassis（底盘） 1.3.3 Suspension（悬架）

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(4) The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load. It must also keep the tires in contact with the road regardless of road surface.

整个悬架系统的作用是隔离来自路的冲击和振动对车身的影响,防止它们传递给乘客和货物。另外不论路面如何,悬架系统都应该保持轮胎和路的接触。 1.3.4 Braking（制动）

(5) Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. 在鼓式制动器上，制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘，被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1.4 Electrical system（电气系统）

(6) The electrical system supplies electricity for the starter, ignition, lights and heater. The electricity level is maintained by a charging circuit. 电器系统为起动机、点火系、照明和加热设备提供电流。电流的大小由充电电路来维持。

Chapter 2 Internal Combustion Engine 2.1.2 Engine Terms（发动机条款）

2) Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke \

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means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with

a fresh petrol-air mixture: this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves; 活塞通过连杆和轴连接，使得气体带动轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气以及向气缸内再充入新鲜的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控 。

2.2.1 Engine Block（发动机缸体）

1) The engine block is the basic frame of the engine. All other engine parts either fit inside it or fasten to it. It holds the cylinders, water jackets, and oil galleries. The engine block also holds the crankshaft, which fastens to the bottom of the block. 缸体是发动机的基体。发动机其它的部件都安装或固定在

缸体上，包括气缸、水套和油道，以及固定在缸体底部的曲轴等。 2.2.2 Cylinder Sleeves（气缸套）

2) Cylinder sleeves are used in engine blocks to provide a hard wearing material for pistons and piston rings. The block can be made of one kind of iron that is light and easy to cast while the sleeves uses another that is better able to stand up wear and tear. There are two main types of sleeves: dry and wet. 缸体中的气缸套为活塞和活塞环提供了一种坚硬耐磨的材料。缸体可以采用某种重量轻且易铸造的铁来制造，而缸套使用的却是另一种更加耐磨损的材料成。主要有两种类型的气缸套：干缸套和湿缸套。 2.2.3 Cylinder Head（缸盖）

3) The cylinder head fastens to the top of the block, just as a roof fits over a house. The underside forms the combustion chamber with the top of the

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piston. In-line engines of light vehicles have just one cylinder head for all cylinders; larger in-line engines can have two or more. 气缸盖安装在缸体的顶部，就像安在房子上的屋顶一 样。缸盖的下方和活塞顶部形成燃烧室。轻型车上使用的直列发动机，所有气缸仅有一个气缸盖，较大的直列发动机有两个或更多缸盖。

2.2.5 Oil Pan or sump （油盘或油底盖）

4) The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus, there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working pats of the engine. 润滑系的机油泵从油底壳抽出机油并把机油输送给发动机的所有工作部件。机油从油底壳流进流出.因而在油底壳和发动机的工作部件之间就有机油定向循环流动。 2.3.2 Piston Assembly(活塞总成)

1) Most pistons are made from cast aluminum. The piston, through the connecting rod, transfers to the crankshaft the force created by the burning fuel mixture. This force turns the crankshaft.大多数活塞由铝铸造而成。通过连杆的作用，活塞把可燃混合气燃烧产生的力传递给曲轴，带动曲轴旋转。 2) In diesel engines, the combustion chamber may be formed totally or in part in the piston crown, depending on method of injection. 柴油机发动机根据喷油方法不同，活塞头部可以形成全部燃烧室，也可以是燃烧室的一部分．

3）Piston Rings（活塞环）

In modern engines, each piston has three rings. (Piston in older engines

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Gas Rings sometimes had four rings, or even five.) The inside surface of the ring fits in the groove on the piston. The ring's outside surface presses against the cylinder walls. 在新型发动机上，每个活塞有三个活塞环。（在老式发动机上，每个活塞有四个甚至五个活塞环）环的内侧装在活塞的环槽里，环的外表面紧压在气缸壁上。

4) The connecting rod little end is connected to the piston pin. A bush made from a soft metal, such as bronze, is used for this joint. The lower end of the connecting rod fit the crankshaft journal. This is called the big end. 连杆小头与活塞销连接，连接处有像青铜这样软金属制成的衬套，连杆下端连接在曲柄轴径上，称为连杆大头。

5) N.B. No.4 piston is always performing the companion stroke to No.1: when the inlet valve in No.4 cylinder is fully open, No.1 cylinder inlet valve is fully closed --- this feature is useful to remember when checking valve clearances.注意4号活塞和1号活塞总是成对运行：1号气缸进气门全闭时，4号气缸进气门全开这个特点在检查气门间隙时是很有用的。

6) As each cylinder fires, it causes the crank throw to speed up. The inertia of the rest of shaft cause it to stay slightly behind, resulting in a twisting action on the crankshaft. 当一气缸点火时，使拐的转速提高，而轴的其它部分由于惯性作用，有所滞后,从而导致曲轴扭转。 2.5: valve system （气门系统）

1）It is apparent from this description that the exhaust valve stays open for a short period of time during which the intake valve is also open. In other words,

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发动机废气的基本成分是一种惰性气体，也就是一种不易燃烧的气体。

CHAPTER 3 POWER TRAIN（传动系统）

1) When a vehicle is to be moved from rest the clutch must engage a stationary gearbox shaft with the engine; this must be rotating at a high speed to provide sufficient power or else the load will be too great and the engine will stall (come to rest).

当汽车原地起步时，离合器要将静止的变速器轴同发动机接合起来，此时发动机必须高速旋转以提供足够大的功率，否则载荷过大将引起发动机熄火。

2) The driving member （主动部分）

The driving member consists of two parts: the flywheel and the pressure plate. The flywheel is bolted directly to the engine crankshaft and rotates when the crankshaft turns. The pressure plate is bolted to the flywheel. The result is that both flywheel and pressure plate rotate together. (p74)

主动部分由飞轮和压盘两部件组成。飞轮用螺栓直接连接到发动机曲轴上，随曲轴旋转而旋转。压盘与飞轮连接，这样飞轮和压盘一起旋转。

3) The driven member （从动部分）

The driven member, or clutch disc, is located between the flywheel and pressure plate. The disc has a splined hub that locks to the splined input shaft on the gearbox. Any rotation of the clutch disc turns the input shaft.

从动部分（或从动盘）位于飞轮和压盘之间。从动盘上有花键毂，连接着变

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速器上 花键的输入轴。从动盘的旋转 动变速器输入轴随之转动。

4) Operating members （操纵机构）

These are the parts that release pressure from the clutch disc. The operating members consist of the clutch pedal, clutch return spring, clutch linkage, clutch fork, and throwout bearing. The clutch linkage includes the clutch pedal and a mechanical or hydraulic system to move the other operating members.

操纵机构释放离合器盘的压力。操纵机构由离合器踏板、回位弹簧、离合器杆系、分离叉和分离轴承等组成。离合器杆系包括离合器踏板以及用来移动其它操纵部件的机械或液压操纵系统。

3.4 Universal Joints (UJ 万向节）

1）The suspension connects the final drive assembly to the car body. The final

drive moves up and down in relation to the engine and transmission. A coupling is needed that permits movement between the final drive and transmission. The universal joints provide this coupling.

悬架连接着主减速器(后桥)总成和车身。主减速器相对于发动机和变速器上下运动，这样在主减速器 和变速器之间就需要万向节这种连接装置来允许其相对运动。

2）A shaft which receives the drive from a cross type joint varies its speed during rotation; the greater the drive angle the greater the speed variation. A constant rotational speed can be restored by fitting a second joint in a way such that when the first joint increases its speed the second joint decreases its

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speed.

传动轴接收十字轴式万向节传来的动力，转动时其速度发生变化。传动角越大，速度变化越大。要实现等速，必须以某种方式安装第二个万向节，这样第一个万向节使转速增大，第二个万向节就使转速减少。

3）Planetary gears are used mainly in final drives, rear- mounted splitter boxes and, above all, in automatic transmissions. The simplest form of planetary gear (the planetary-gear train) consists of sun gear, ring gear and arm with planet gears. Each of the three elements may act as drive, output or may be at rest. Therefore, great variation is possible as regards the transmission ratio, ranging as far as a reversal of the direction of rotation. The parallel meshing of several gears under load permits a compact construction. 行星齿轮系主要应用在主减速器、后置副变速器和自动变速器上。最简单的行星齿轮系统由太阳轮、齿圈和行星轮组成。三部件中任意一个都可作输、输出或保持静止。这样，依照变速比的不同可得到较大的变速范围，汽车的倒行也能实。承载齿轮的平行啮合使行星轮系结构较紧凑。

4）When a vehicle is cornered the inner wheel moves through a shorter distance than the outer wheel. This means that the inner wheel must slow down and the outer wheel must speed up. During this period it is desirable that each driving wheel maintains its driving action. The differential performs these two tasks.

当汽车转弯时，内侧车轮比外侧车轮行驶的距离要短 ，这说明内侧车轮比外侧车轮转得要慢。在此期间，维持每个驱动车轮的行驶状态是很重要的。这两

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个任务由差速器来完成。

另：重点词句

重点词语

1.Power Train: 传动系统 2.Suspension: 悬架 3.Cylinder: 气缸 4.Transmission: 变速器 5.Gasoline: 汽油机 6.Final Drive: 主减速器，后桥 7.Leaf Spring: 钢板弹簧 8.Piston: 活塞 9.TDC: 上止点 10.Lubrication: 润滑 11.Muffler: 消声器 12.Planetary Gear: 行星齿轮 13.Disc Brake: 盘式制动器 14.Venting System: 通风系统 15.Hybrid: 混合动力

重点句子一

1 Gasoline and Diesel are called heat engines, the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.汽油机和柴油机被称为热机，车用燃料产生热量使得气缸里的气体压力升高，为传动系统的曲轴提供动力。

2 An automatic transmission performs similar functions to a manual transmission except that gear selection is controlled either htdraulically or electronically.自动变速器选择档位由液压或者电控方式控制，其余方面，自动变速器和手动变速器的功能类似。

3 The purpose of the complete suspension system is to isolate the vehicle

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body from road shocks and vibrations, which will otherwise be transferred to the passengers and load.悬架系统的功能是隔离、缓减路面冲击和振动,避免传递到车身,影响乘客和货物的舒适性和安全性。

4 All vehicles must fitted with at least 2 independent brake systems. They were once called the service brake and the emergency brake.所有汽车都必须配备两套独立的制动系统，即行车制动和紧急制动。

5 The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force.燃烧室内的压力作用在活塞顶部产生有用的机械功。

6 The valve system is made up of those parts needed to open and close the valves at just the right time. 气门系统由那些在正确时间开启和关闭气门的零部件组成。

7 The burned gases removed from the combustion chamber contain such harmful emissions as hydrocarbons,carbon monoxide and nitrous oxides.从燃烧室里排除的废气含有有害的成分：HC、CO和NOx

8 The location of the driving axle determines whether the vehicle is classified as rear-wheel drive,front-wheel drive,four-wheel drive or all-wheel drive.驱动桥

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的位置决定驱动方式的类型：后驱、前驱、四轮驱动和全轮驱动。

9 In commercial vehicles, the necessary final-drive ration can only rarely be accommodated in one stage. For this reason, use is usually made of more elaborate final-drive systems.在商用车中，很少采用单级的主减速装置。基于此，商用车通常采用复杂的多级主减速传动装置。

10 There are two main ways of building automobiles. They are built using body/frame construction and unitized body construction.通常有两种类型的车身结构：承载式和车身和非承载式车身。

重点句子二

1. In a work cycle of the engine ,each piston goes through four-stroke processes:intake stroke ,compression stroke ,power stroke and exhaust stroke.这种内燃机每完成一个工作循环活塞需要经历四个冲程--进气冲程，压缩冲程，作功冲程和排气冲程

2.Valve mechanism includes valve group and valve driving group.The valve group includes valve,valve seat ,valve guide and valve spring.The valve driving group includes camshaft,lifter,push rod,rocker arm,timing gear and so on.配气机构包括气门组和气门传动组，气门组包括气门，气门座，气门导管和气门弹簧。气门传动组包括凸轮轴，挺杆，推杆，摇臂，正时齿轮等

3.A basic ignition system consists of the battery,low-tension coil and cables,the ignition coil,the distributor,high-tension coil and cables,spark plug

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cables and spark plugs.一个基本的点火系统包括蓄电池、低压线圈电缆、点火线圈、分电器、高压线圈电缆、火花塞电缆和火花塞。

4.The purpose of the ignition switch is to connect and disconnect the ignition system with the battery, so the engine can be started and stopped as desired.点火开关的作用就是将点火系统与蓄电池进行连接或者断开，从而使发动机能够按照人的意愿起动或停止。

5.A one-way clutch is a device that will allow a component such as a ring gear to turn freely in one direction but not in the other.单向离合器作用是只允许部件（如齿圈）朝一个方向转动，另外一个方向不能转动。

6.The mechanism consists of three parts : engine block group ,piston and connecting rod group ,crankshaft and flywheel group .曲柄连杆机构由发动机机体组、活塞连杆组和曲轴飞轮组三部分组成。

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