2013作文

一 英语写作专题训练——过渡词

众所周知，要写出清晰流畅的文章，需要把文章中各部分巧妙地连接在一起。这样可使文章自然而别致，并能层层展开主题句，完整地表达中心思想。而过渡词（Transitional Words）是连接这些部分的纽带。

过渡词是一种关系指引词，一般由副词或起副词作用的短语承担。此外，代词、连词、上下文的近义词等也可作过渡词。过渡词能使文章启、承、转、合，融会贯通，连成一体。 一、过渡词的分类

1. 根据意思和作用的不同，过渡词可以分为以下十五类： （1）表并列关系的过渡词:

and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only?but also, both ? and, either ? or, neither?nor （2）表递进关系的过渡词:

besides, in addition（加之，除??之外）, moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse （3）表转折对比的过渡词：

but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in pite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others

（4）表原因的过渡词: because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to（由于） （5）表结果的过渡词: so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that （6）表条件的过渡词: if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as （7）表时间的过渡词:

when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment

（8）表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:

first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)（后来）, meanwhile（几乎同时）, thereafter（在那以后）, last, finally, eventually（终于）

（9）表换一种方式表达的过渡词: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way （10）表进行举例说明的过渡词: for instance, for example, like, such as

（11）表陈述事实的过渡词: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth （12）表强调的过渡词:

certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously

（13）表比较的过渡词： like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to

（14）表目的的过渡词： for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to （15）表总结的过渡词:

in a word(总之，简言之), in general, in short(总之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up,

finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary

2. 文章段落之间的逻辑关系主要由过渡词来完成，在修辞中称为启、承、转、合。“启”就是开头, “承”是承接，“转”是转折，“合”是综合或总结。

（1）用于“启”的过渡词语 用于表示“启”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落或文章的开头： first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently, It is often said that…, As the proverb says…,

It goes without saying that…, It is clear/obvious that…, Many people often ask …

（2）用于“承”的过渡词语 表示“承”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第一个扩展句中： second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt， It is true that…,

Everybody knows that…, It can be easily proved that…, No one can deny that…

The reason why …is that …, There is no doubt that…,

To take…for an example (instance) …, We know that…,

What is more serious is that…

（3）用于“转”的过渡词语 用于“转”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落中的第二个扩展句中： but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(无论如何), nevertheless(虽然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, in spite of ..., yet, instead, I do not believe that…, Perhaps you’ll ask why…

This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,

Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found, That’s why I feel that…

（4）用于“合”的过渡词语 用于“合”的过渡词或过渡性的语句通常用在段落的结论句或文章的结论段中：

in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(毕竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(总之), on the whole(就整体而言), to sum up From this point of view …

On account of this we can find that …

The result is dependent on …

Thus, this is the reason why we must… 二、过渡词的应用

有的学生在作文中使用过多简单句，成了简单句堆砌；有的写复杂句时，动辄用so， and，then，but，or，however，yet等非但达不到丰富表达方式的目的，反而使句子结构松散、呆板。为了避免这种现象，可以通过使用不同的过渡词,不仅能够丰富句型，而且还能够把思想表达得更清楚，意义更连贯。例如： 1. 学生习作 TV and website

TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Websites also have different sections. You may choose the one you are most interested in.

They are different in many ways. Moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation. It makes you feel that you are just on the spot. The programs change every day. Professional TV reporters do the report for TV.

Some information on websites change all the time. Not all of it is so updated. Everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.

Every medium has its own features. It is hard to say which is better.

这段文字用简单句表达，它们之间内在的逻辑关系含糊不清，意思支离破碎。如果使用过渡词，将单句与其前后合并，形成主次关系，就把一个比较复杂的内容和关系表达得层次清楚、结构严谨。 修改后的文章： TV and website

Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. Both of them make money from ads. Similar to TV, websites also have different sections, so that you may choose the one you are most interested in.

However, they are different in many ways. Above all, moving pictures are shown on TV with sound and interpretation, which makes you feel as if you are just on the spot. Then, the programs change every day and professional TV reporters do the report for TV. Unlike TV, some information on websites change all the time, but not all of it is so updated. In addition, everybody can write articles for websites rather than professional reporter.

In a word, every medium has its own features, so it is hard to say which is better 修改后的文章用过渡词来衔接上下段

第一段第一句为：Both TV and website are popular media. They have something in common. 第二段第一句为：However, they are different in many ways.

第三段第一句为：In a word, every medium has its own features? 这篇短文每一段的第一句都是主题句，在每个主题句前使用Both?and, However, In a word使全文有序地衔接起来。

如果在文章中再恰当使用其他的过渡词，会使文章增色很多。（见上文） 我们常常遇到这样的作文题目，如：发展私人轿车的利与弊、科学发明的利与弊、网上购物的利与弊。

这些题目常常是谈论一个事物的两个方面，这时只要使用表示转折的过渡词就能很好地连接上下段。 As a new way of shopping, online shopping is becoming more and more popular in our daily life. Online shopping has many disadvantages. First, online shopping makes it easier for us to buy things. Instead of searching a crowded store, we just need to watch the computer screen and choose the things we like. Second, it is much faster for us to do shopping. We don’t have to spend a lot of time going to shops. Third, we can see a great deal of goods shown on the computer screen at the same time. However, online shopping is not so perfect. The pictures of goods shown on the computer screen are not always what they are. As a result, we can be cheated easily. What’s worse, we can not see the things in detail.

Despite the disadvantages of online shopping, I think it is an advanced way to do shopping. So we should develop it.

2．Higher education can enrich one’s knowledge, widen his eyes , and enhance the ability of keeping up with new technologies . What’s more, a better education offers a person more power of creativity. Thus, it enables a person to meet challenges in future.（教育）

3．Competition provides an opportunity for us to learn from opponents, which is necessary in making proper strategies. What’s more, we gain courage and confidence from it, too. Where there is no competition, there is no development. （竞争）

4．According to my experience , it is nothing but studying alone that makes me intelligent , creative and considerate when I meet with problems in study. When I study alone, I can concentrate on my homework better and work out the problems quickly. Besides a more flexible study plan enables me to learn more effectively and efficiently. （独自学习）

5．Basketball plays an important role in my daily life. I like it for the following reasons. First, playing basketball helps me grow strong and healthy, which enables me to concentrate on my study. What’s more, I really enjoy the moment when I get scores for my team.（运动）

6. The most important challenge now is the College Entrance Exam. My main task is to prepare myself for it positively, which will surely help me face hardship better and make greater progress in the near future. More importantly, through challenges, we can know how far we can go, from which we can know ourselves better.（挑战）

7．To be frank, I consider it harmful to chase after pop idols. To know more about their idols, they have to spend a lot of money in buying CDs and concert tickets, even if they can’t afford them. What’s more, chasing after idols affects their studies.（追星）

8．When I was in Junior Two, I was the apple on the palm of my English teacher, as I was the best at English in my class. So I was often labeled “top”, proud and confident. One day news came that we would take part in the Oral English Competition. I felt perfectly well and confident. However, eventually, I lost the test!（失败）

9. I think correct praise enables people to be more self-confident and more cultivated. Whenever praised sincerely, we must listen respectfully, and treat correctly. If we understand praises from people, and absorb their merits, we can perfect ourselves. （赞扬）

10．Time flies quickly and the time we have is quite limited. We should make full use of our time to do useful things. As students, we ought to make efforts to be engaged in our study. Actually, wasting time is equal to wasting a part of our valuable life. Therefore don't always leave things till tomorrow. We may say, “Time is life.”（惜时）w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m

11．Smoking cigarettes can lead to heart disease, cancer and other health problems. As we know now, it does great harm not only to smokers themselves, but to non-smokers. Nothing is more important than health.（戒烟）

12. Needless to say, wasting will cause some problems. As a matter of fact, our country is in the situation where many kinds of resource are lack. If we go on wasting in our daily life, the nature will teach lessons to us in return. What’s worse, if I can speak frankly, we will make our human beings in corner. （环保）

13. Is internet good or bad for people? Students don’t see eye to eye on this issue. Some students are strongly against. Firstly， the contents of the internet are not always suitable. Secondly, it is bad for health if one uses the internet excessively. What’s worse, some students devote themselves to playing internet games but ignore their studies. （网络）w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m

14. Communicating with other people by telephone is convenient, speedy and direct. It seems that telephone shortens the distance between people. But writing a letter can express your feelings of happiness and sorrow completely, each word is well worth reading and tasting, and never fade on paper. （通讯工具）

15. Differing from cars, cycling is a means of environmentally friendly transportation. In addition, we don’t need to spend too much on them. Bike riding also makes for good health. I still firmly insist on riding bikes in order to reduce the polluted gas coming from the car （自行车）w*w*w*k*s*5*u*c*o*m

提纲式作文（一）----反应问题并提出意见

示范作文一 随着经济的发展，更多的温室气体被排放，其中大约70%为二氧化碳，这是全球变暖的主要原因之一。导致海平面上升，自然灾害频繁。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文。 1.多使用清洁能源，少用煤、油；2.在可能的情况下以步代车 3．? 4. ? With the development of economy, more and more greenhouse gases are being given off/ discharged into the air. CO2 makes up about 70% of the greenhouse gases, which is considered to be one of the greatest causes of global warming. It has harmful effects, causing the sea level to rise and many natural disasters to strike.

So we must take effective measures to save our planet. First, we should use more clean energy and less coal and oil. Second, we should go to work on foot or by bus instead of driving a car if possible. Third, we should plant more trees, because plants can turn CO2 into oxygen. More importantly, we should form the habit of saving energy in our daily life.

示范作文二 随着高考的即将来临，学生的压力越来越大，同学们常出现头晕、乏力、睡眠不好等焦虑症状。请你根据下列提示，写一篇英语作文，给同学们一些建议。

1．考前制定好合适的复习计划 2．学习期间正常作息 3．睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠

As the college entrance examination is around the corner, we senior three students become more and more stressful. Most of us have some terrible symptoms, such as feeling dizzy or tired and suffering from lack of sleep, which have bad effects on our study and even disable us

to perform well in exams. First of all, in my opinion, there is no need to worry too much about the results as long as we study hard every day and make careful plans for the examination. Besides, enough sleep can make us energetic and enable us to study efficiently. Therefore, we shouldn’t form the habit of staying up too late. Also, we can try a warm bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed, which might help us to have a sound sleep.

Only in this way can we keep ourselves relaxed and then concentrate ourselves on study.

示范作文三 随着经济的发展，环境污染越来越严重，自然灾害接连不断地发生，严重威胁着人们的生活。对此，我们能做些什么以减轻对地球的污染呢？根据下列提示写一篇英语作文。1. 公众应该接受环保教育，节电节水 2. 用环保购物袋取代塑料袋

3. 必须通过新的法律，控制工业污染问题

With the development of economy, our environment is being polluted more and more heavily. Natural disasters continuously broke out, threatening human life seriously. To make the earth a better place for us to live on, in my opinion, we should do as follows: First of all, the public must receive the education about protecting environment. They should also save electricity and water in daily life. Besides, we should use

environment-friendly shopping bags instead of plastic bags, which will lead to the “white pollution”. More importantly, new laws must be passed to effectively control industrial pollution, which is the main cause of environmental pollution. Only in this way can we have a more beautiful earth. 提纲式作文（二）----关于问题的正反意见

示范作文一 随着电脑和因特网的普及，网上购物也进入了人们的日常生活，有人支持网上购物，也有人对其持保留态度，你的看法是什么？根据下列提示写一篇文章。

支持者 1. 节省时间、精力，对忙碌的人、老年人或一些不方便的人更是如此

2. 网上有大量的商品信息，可以买到当地没有的东西

反对者 1. 网上所见的商品有可能与实物不一致，质量难以保证 2. 网上欺诈造成投诉困难

Online shopping is common in our daily life now.There are two kinds of opinion about it. Some people hold the idea that online shopping has a lot of advantages. The most important one is its convenience. Online shopping saves time and energy for people, especially for the busy ones, the aged and the disable who can’t go to shops in person. Besides, on the Internet there is enough information of all kinds of commodities, which enable people to buy things from a distant place.

However, other people object to online shopping. They think the real goods may be different from what the consumers have seen on the Net, thus the quality of commodities bought online may not be ensured. What’s worse, once cheated online, one may find it difficult to make a complaint. In my opinion, it is better for all to be careful when shopping online.

示范作文二 暑假即将来临。你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法。请根据提示写一篇有关讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。参考词汇：眼界——horizon（或view）

待在家中 优点：花费少，舒适方便 外出旅游 优点：增长见识，开阔眼界 缺点：不能亲身了解外界 缺点：花费多，旅途不便

The summer holiday is coming. Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.

Some are in favor of staying at home. They think it’s both convenient and comfortable. What’s more, they can save money for other purposes. But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling. In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.

示范作文三 最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票?请你根据下列提示，给该报编辑写一封英文信，客观地介绍讨论情况。

60％的同学认为 1. 不应该收门票(entrance fee) 2. 公园是公众休闲的地方 3. 如收门票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象

40％的同学认为 1．应收门票，但票价不要太高 2．支付园林工人工资 3．购新花木

Dear editor,

I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks. 60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet people’s expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy. Worse still, if an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls, which will make the city take on a bad look. However, the others hold the idea that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. Besides, the money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees. Which opinion do you agree with, dear editor?

Yours truly, Li Hua 提纲式作文（三）----介绍人物

示范作文一 你是李华，申请到一家外资企业工作。对方要求你用英语写一篇短文，介绍自己的基本情况。短文应该包括下列全部内容。 姓 名 学 历 所学主要课程 特 长 李华 出生年月 1992年12月1日 出生地 北京 1998----2004 光明小学 2004----2010 北京市第六中学 语文、数学、英语、物理、化学、电脑 英语、电脑（去年在全校英语演讲竞赛中获得第一名） 业 余 爱 好

游泳、滑冰、集邮、流行音乐 My name is Li Hua. I was born in Beijing on December 1st, 1992. I started school in 1998 when I was six. From 1998 to 2004 I studied in Guangming Primary School, after which I went to No. 6 Middle School of Beijing and graduated this summer. The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer. I like English and computer best and I’m very good at them. Last year I won the first prize in the school English speech competition. In my spare time I enjoying listening to popular music and collecting stamps. My favorite sports are swimming in summer and skating in winter.

示范作文二 假定你是李华，即将参加你校学生会主席竞选演讲。请根据下列提示写一篇英语演讲稿。 经历 高一开始担任班长 性格 开朗活泼、为人诚实 兴趣 唱歌、跳舞、组织校外活动 当选后 学习小组、体育文艺活动、请名师讲座

My dear classmate,

I’m very glad to have the honor of speaking at this meeting. I’m Li Hua. I’m sure I have the qualification to be chairman of the Student Union. For one thing, I’ve been monitor since Senior Grade1, so I have rich experience in management. For another, I’m quite open, lively and honest. Above all, I’m good at singing, dancing and organizing out-of-class activities, which are all advantages of taking the position. If I’m elected, I’ll make my efforts to serve all the students. First, in order to improve our studies, I’ll form learning groups. Second, I’ll organize some entertainment, such as singing contests and sports activities to enrich our school life. Third, I’ll invite top teachers to give us some lectures so that we study efficiently. So, my fellow students, please do not hesitate to cast your vote for me! That’s all. Thank you very much.

提纲式作文（四）----介绍旅游地

示范作文一 一家宾馆新开业，为吸引外国宾客，希望在互联网上进行宣传，请你用英语为其写一篇文字介绍。主要内容应包括：

1. 地点：距白山入口处500米；

2. 房间及价格：单人间(共20间)，100元/天；

双人间（共15间），150元/天； 热水淋浴；

3. 餐饮：餐厅(中、西餐)，咖啡厅（茶、咖啡）； 4. 游泳池：全天免费开放； 5. 欢迎预定。

Welcome to Baishan Mountain Hotel

Baishan Mountain Hotel is now open for business.

Our hotel stands 500 meters away from the entrance to Baishan Mountain. It has 20 single rooms and 15 double rooms, all with hot showers. A single room is 100 yuan and a double room 150 yuan for one night. You are advised to book in advance. The hotel serves three meals a day and there are Chinese food and western food for you to choose from. You can also enjoy yourself at the café drinking tea or coffee in the evening. We also have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge. All are welcome!

示范作文二 假如你是李华，为吸引外来游客到贵州旅游，请你按下表所提供的要点，写一篇英语作文，简要介绍贵州的主要旅游景点。 旅游资源 许多世界著名的风景名胜，如 黄果树瀑布（位于安顺市西南部，距贵阳市150公里；水流湍急，清澈凉爽） 草海自然保护区（四面环山，水鸟栖息地）等等 气候适宜；交通方便 草海自然保护区—Caohai Nature Reserve 水鸟----water birds

Guizhou Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world-famous places of interest, such as Huangguosh Waterfall and Caohai Nature Reserve. Huangguoshu Waterfall is located in the southwest of Anshun city, 150 kilometers away from Guiyang. It is well known for its rapid and beautiful waterfall, which is clear and cool. It can excite visitors’ imagination. Another attraction is Caohai Nature Reserve, which is surrounded by mountains. It is the habitat of water birds because of its perfect natural condition. There are also some

有关信息 参考词汇：黄果树瀑布—Huangguoshu Waterfall

other places of interest which are worth a visit. Besides, the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make the trip more enjoyable.

2013万能英语模板 图标作文

As is shown by the figure/percentage in the table/picture,____ has been on rise/ decrease, significantly/dramatically rising/decreasing from ____ in _____ to _____ in _____. From the sharp rise/decline in the chart, it goes without saying that _____.

There are at least two good reasons accounting for _____. In one hand, ____.In the other hand, _____ is due to the fact that ______.In addition, ______ is responsible for _____. Maybe there are some other reasons to show ______.But itis generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

书信作文模板 Your address Month, Date, year Receiver's address Dear ...,

I am extremely pleased to hear from you. And I would like to write a letter to tell you that_____. ??

I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience/I am looking f0rward to your replies at your earliest convenience.

Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, 话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. To sum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing, _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.

对比观点作文

_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.

While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____.

From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

Best regards for your health and success. Sincerely yours, 话题作文

Nowadays, there are more and more __ _ in __ _. It is estimated that ___. Why have there been so many ____? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows. The first one is ______. Besides,_____. The third one is _____. To sum up, the main cause of it is due to _____. It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing,_____. For another thing, _____. All these measures will certainly reduce the number of _____.

对比观点作文

_____ is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say ____ is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ____. What is more,_____。Moreover,______.

While others think that _____ is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,_____. Secondly (besides),______. Thirdly (finally),_____.

From my point of view, I think _____. The reason is that _____. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice.

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