高考英语重难点语法讲解 - 非谓语动词

高中语法——非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词种类

在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式

（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。 二、分类：

（1）不定式的形式：

主 动 被 动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing / 完成式 to have written to have been written 否定式 not + (to) do 1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，例如： I’m glad to meet you. He seems to know a lot. We plan to pay a visit. He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如： The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如： I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film. He is pleased to have met his friend.

（2）动名词的形式： 语 态 1

式 一般式 完成式 否定式 1）一般式：

主动语态 doing having done not + 动名词 被动语态 being done having been done Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

2）被动式：

He came to the party without being invited. 他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

3）完成式：

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

4）完成被动式：

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 5）否定式：not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot. 他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。 （3）现在分词的形式： 现在 分词 一般式 完成式 否定式 及 物 动 词 write 主动语态 writing having written 被动语态 being written having been written not + 现在分词 不及物动词go 主动语态 going having gone 1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。 Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打兰球。

2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的

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