2019年江西中考新突破英语话题3：居住环境（含答案解析）

话题三 居住环境(Living environment)

Ⅰ.完形填空

A

Many people have cars in the city.But pollution is a problem __1__ the traffic.Nowadays some downtown(市中心) areas around the world don't have __2__.These car－free zones(无车区)are areas __3__ people, bicycles，

and public transportation only.

Eight __4__ people live in the center of London and another two million people go to __5__ there every day.The downtown area is very __6__ with hundreds of cars, buses, and taxis, __7__ there are also a lot of beautiful parks with free music concerts.At lunchtime, many people go there for a rest __8__ they get off work.

Parts of Tokyo are always __9__ with hundreds of people—but no cars! These modern car－free zones are __10__ popular.

In the __11__， Bogota was polluted because there were __12__ cars and traffic.Now the downtown area is car－free zone and the __13__ is clean! Many people don't have a car and half a million people __14__ the bus to work.There are lots of stores.It's not __15__， and people like shopping there.

(A)1.A.because of B．because C．instead of D．instead (C)2.A.bikes B．subways C．cars D．planes (A)3.A.for B．on C．as D．with (C)4.A.hundred B．thousand C．million D．billion (D)5.A.walk B．laugh C．talk D．work (A)6.A.noisy B．clear C．necessary D．active (B)7.A.and B．but C．so far D．besides (A)8.A.after B．before C．when D．while (A)9.A.crowded B．quiet C．clean D．dirty

(C)10.A.hardly B．likely C．really D．already (B)11.A.future B．past C．minute D．daytime (A)12.A.lots of B．a little C．a few D．much (D)13.A.water B．shop C．cloud D．sky (A)14.A.take B．ride C．stop D．reach (B)15.A.cheap B．expensive C．big D．small

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了因为交通导致城市污染，如今世界各地的市中心建立了无车区，通过列举伦敦，东京和波哥达三个地方进一步说明。

【答案精析】

1．A 考查连词和介词短语的用法。 because of “因为”，后面接名词或代词；because“因为”，后面接句子； instead of“代替；而不是”； instead “代替；反而”。句意为“城市里很多人都有车，但是因为交通，污染是一个问题。”“the traffic”不属于句子。故选A。

2．C 考查名词辨析。bike“自行车”；subway“地铁”；car“小汽车”；plane“飞机”。由下文的“These car－free zone”可知是指“小汽车”。故选C。

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3．A 考查介词辨析。for “为了”；on “关于”； as“作为”； with“和”。由下文“people, bicycles, and public transportation only”可知“这些无车区是只为行人、自行车和公共交通设置的”。故选A。

4．C 考查数词辨析。hundred“百”；thousand“千”；million“百万”；billion“十亿”。由下文“another two million people ”可知“八百万人住在伦敦市中心”。故选C。

5．D 考查动词辨析。walk“行走”；laugh“大笑”； talk“交谈”；work“工作”。由句意可知“八百万人住在伦敦市中心，另外两百万人每天去那里工作”。故选D。

6．A 考查形容词辨析。noisy“嘈杂的”；clear“清楚的”；necessary “必要的”；active“积极的”。由下文“with hundreds of cars, buses, and taxis”可知“市中心嘈杂”，故选A。

7．B 考查连词辨析。and“和”；but “但是”；so far“到目前为止”； besides“除……之外”。由下文“there are also a lot of beautiful parks with free music concerts.”可知两个分句是转折关系，故选B。

8．A 考查连词辨析。after“在……后”； before “在……前”；when“当……的时候”；while“当……时候”。由“At lunchtime, many people go there for a rest”可知是“下班后”，故选A。

9．A 考查形容词辨析。 crowded “拥挤的”； quiet “安静的”；clean “干净的”；dirty“脏的”。由下句“with hundreds of people—but no cars”可知“在东京的有些地方总是很拥挤，有数以百计的人但是没有车”。故选A。

10．C 考查副词辨析。hardly “几乎不”；likely “可能地”； really“真正地；的确”；already“已经”。由上下文语境可知“这样的无车区的确很受欢迎。”故选C。

11．B 考查名词辨析。future“将来”；past“过去”；minute“分钟”；daytime“白天”。由下文“Now the downtown area is car－free zone”可知此空是指“在过去”。故选B。

12．A 考查限定词辨析。lots of“许多；大量的”，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；a little“一点”，修饰不可数名词；a few “几个”，修饰可数名词复数；much“很多”修饰不可数名词。由前半句中的“Bogota was polluted”可知“波哥达有很多车辆”。cars是可数名词复数，所以不能用much。故选A。

13．D 考查名词辨析。water“水”；shop“商店”；cloud“云”；sky“天空”。由“Now the downtown area is car－free zone”可知“空气是干净的”。故选D。

14．A 考查动词辨析。take“乘坐”； ride “骑”；stop“停止”；reach“到达”。由“Many people don't have a car ”可知“人们坐公交车去上班”。故选A。

15．B 考查形容词辨析。cheap“便宜的”；expensive“昂贵的”；big“大的”；small“小的”。由下句“and people like shopping there”可知“这里商店的东西不贵”。故选B。

B

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。

nothing that other high spaceship see doesn't between moment keep When we talk about the sky, we usually mean the atmosphere around the earth.It is like a very thick “cover” over the earth and 1 keeps it warm.Without the “cover”， the earth would be a very cold place and 2 nothing could live on it.

Looking up above us, you will 3 see the blue sky with white clouds.It is usually light blue, but the sky would be dark blue if you go to the top of the 4 highest

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mountains.And you will see fewer clouds 5 between you and the sun.

And if you sit in a 6 spaceship high above the earth, there is no air at all.The sky would be so dark 7 that its color would be black.

Sometimes the sky 8 doesn't look blue.When the sun rises and falls, you will see red, orange, and 9 other colors in the sky.These are the most beautiful 10 moments of the day.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在不同的情况下天空的颜色有差异。 【答案精析】

1．keeps and连接两个并列成分，此处应填动词，由空格前的句意“大气层像一个很厚的覆盖物盖在地球上”可知“它能保持地球暖和”。主语是it，故填keeps。

2．nothing 分析句子成分可知此处缺少主语，由句意“没有这个覆盖物，地球上会很冷，没有任何东西会在地球上生存。”可知nothing符合语境。

3．see 由空格前的will确定此空填动词原形。由前句“Looking up above us”可知应填see。

4．highest 由空格前的the和后面的mountains可知要填形容词，由前句“but the sky would be dark blue if you go to the top of”可知此处应填highest，表示“最高的山”。

5．between 由空格后的and可知此处为between ...and“在……之间”，为固定搭配。故填between。

6．spaceship 由空格前的a和下句的句意可知此处应该填名词“宇宙飞船”，故填spaceship。

7．that 由前面的单词so“如此的”和空格后面的句子，确定此空填“that”，so…that意为“如此……以至于”，故填that。

8．doesn't 由空后的look和下文“When the sun rises and falls, you will see red, orange”可知此处填助动词doesn't，表示“看起来不是蓝色的”。

9．other 由空格前的内容和空格后的colors可知应填other。

10．moments 由上半句“These are the most beautiful”可知此处应填名词复数，选项中只有moment符合语境。故填moment的复数形式moments。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

斯坦福的前世今生

Stanford is a world famous university on the west coast of the U．S.. It was built by Stanford and his wife in memory of their only son who died of a strange disease.

Tourists are often surprised at the beauty of Stanford. Among the green trees, buildings with yellow walls and red tops make up a beautiful picture. Many tourists wonder why yellow and res were chosen. That’s because they were the favorites of Mrs. Stanford.

The big church is the most important building in Stanford. It stands at the centre. It was built by Mrs. Stanford to remember her husband who devoted himself to the university. There, students and teachers can communicate with God and hold great activities, such as concerts and celebrations.

The tallest building in Stanford is Hoover Tower, which is the land mark of the university. A man named Hoover had done a lot for the university. The things he once used can be seen on the first floor. On the top of the tower, tourists can have a good look at the whole campus(校园)．

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As one of the world top universities, Stanford has many subjects that stand among the top ones in the world. And computer science has been the first for many years. If you want to study computer in a university abroad, maybe it is your best choice.

(C)1.Why did Stanford and his wife build Stanford? A．To improve the education in the United States. B．To offer more chance to poor students. C．To remember their only son.

D．To attract more famous teachers .

(A)2.Where can visitors see the whole campus of Stanford? A．On the top of the Hoover Tower.

B．On the top of the teaching building in Stanford. C．On the top of Big Church. D．In the library of Stanford.

(D)3.What does “it” in the last sentence of the passage refer to? A．The Hoover Tower. B．The big church.

C．The beauty of Stanford. D．Stanford.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲了斯坦福大学开办的原因、斯坦福大学里的著名建筑以及最好的专业。

【答案精析】

1．C 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“It was built by Stanford and his wife in memory of their only son who died of a strange disease.”可知选C。

2．A 细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句“On the top of the tower, tourists can have a good look at the whole campus(校园)．”可知选A。

3．D 单词指代题。由前文内容“斯坦福大学计算机科学排在首位已经很多年了。如果你想在一所国外的大学学习计算机科学”可知，此处的it 指代“斯坦福大学”，故选D。

B

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。

Are you nervous? Maybe you should sit in a blue room.1__E__ Maybe you should sit in a room painted in a “warm color” such as soft orange.Are you often sad? Maybe you should sit in a yellow room.2__B__ They believe the colors affect almost everyone in the same way.

One study was in a workplace.The researchers painted heavy boxes white and light boxes black.3__C__ Which boxes do you think were more difficult to lift? The heavy white ones? No.The white boxes were heavier but they looked light .The researchers think that this is because light colors seem light.

4__G__ Painters repainted the hospital walls in bright colors—bright orange on the first floor, bright pink on the second floor, and bright green on the third floor.5__A__ The hospital says the doctors and nurses also changed and were happier about work.

If this is true, We might think carefully about the colors around us.Not only in houses, but in offices, schools, hospitals, museums and restaurants!

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A．What do you think happened? B．Some researchers believe that color has the power to affect our feelings. C．They wanted to see how color affected the workers' feelings. D．Another study was at a school. E．Are you always cold? F．If you want to sleep. G．Another study was at a hospital. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同的场合不同的颜色会影响人的感觉和心情。

【答案精析】 1．E 由前句“Are you nervous? Maybe you should sit in a blue room.”和后句“Maybe you should sit in a room painted in a ‘warm color’ such as soft orange.”可知“Are you always cold？”符合语境。故选E。

2．B 由后句“They believe the colors affect almost everyone in the same way.”可知研究者相信颜色有影响人们感觉的能力。故选B。

3．C 由后句“Which boxes do you think were more difficult to lift？”可知研究者想知道颜色怎么影响工人的感觉。七个选项中只有C项与此有关。故选C。

4．G 由后句“ Painters repainted the hospital walls .”可知另一项研究是在医院做的。故选G。

5．A 由后一句“The hospital says the doctors and nurses also changed and were happier about work.”可知这是在医院做完实验后的结果。故A项符合语境。

Ⅲ.补全对话

请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)

A:Excuse me.1__Which__is__the__way__to__the__post__office？/Where__is__the__post__office?

B：The post office? Er… It's a little far from here. A: 2__How__far__is__it?

B：It's about 8 kilometres away. A：3__Can__I__take__a__bus?

B：Yes, the No.28 bus will take you there. A：4__Where__is__the__bus__stop?

B：Go along this road and take the second turning on the left. You can see it on your right.You can't miss it.

A: 5__Thank__you__very__much. B：You are welcome. Ⅳ.书面表达

假如你是一名初中生，周末的时候遇到了几个外国留学生，他们想去城市公园游玩，可是他们不知道去的路线。请你根据下图提示，告诉他们前往城市公园的路线，并简要介绍公园的情况。

提示：1.短文应包括导图中的重要信息，条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明； 2．短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；

3．词数不少于80，开头已给出，不计入总数。

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