中考新突破中考英语话题二十二科普知识与现代技术试题

话题二十二 科普知识与现代技术

(Popular science and modern technology)

Ⅰ.完形填空

A( 2016淮安改编)

Have you ever heard of “a ball of energy”？People often use it to describe very __1__ children. But today we tell about an invention called the sOccket, that is a real soccer ball of energy. Julia Silverman explains that __2__ the sOccket is a portable generator(便携式发电机).

Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews __3__ the sOccket as part of a group project(项目) for an engineering class at Harvard University.

There are mechanisms(装置) in a sOccket. When you kick, hit or __4__ it, energy is then kept in it by these mechanisms instead of disappearing into the environment.

Then the user can put something directly into the ball, like a lamp(灯), or a mobile phone charger (充电器) __5__ they can get energy from it.

For every fifteen minutes of the game play, the sOccket can __6__ enough electricity for an LED lamp for three hours, and the__7__ can store up to 24 hours' electricity.

The International Energy Association reported last year that __8__ one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use, and most of them live in sub－Saharan Africa and in India and other __9__ in Asia.

Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews both had __10__ in developing countries before they began the project. They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.

There's an energy crisis(危机) in the world. One fifth people in the world don't have any __11__. And besides that, there are a lot of health problems because what people use instead of the electricity are __12__ choices like kerosene(煤油) lamps. They __13__ a lot of smoke.

Julia Silverman says the sOccket ball is one small solution to a big problem. Jessica Matthews and Julia Silverman hope their sOccket ball will __14__ more light on the problem of power shortages. It __15__ people a chance to put their energy into the world's most popular sport and get some energy in return.

(B)1.A.lazy B．active C．bored D．silent (D)2.A.in the face of B．in total C．in that case D．in fact (A)3.A.developed B．influenced C．locked D．mailed

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(C)4.A.buy B．finish C．throw D．hate (A)5.A.so that B.when C．though D．unless (B)6.A.afford B.provide C．suggest D．improve (D)7.A.phone B．lamp C．computer D．ball

(C)8.A.heavily B.hardly C．nearly D．happily (B)9.A.cities B．countries C．towns D．villages (D)10.A.heroes B.instructions C．sentences D．experiences (A)11.A.electricity B．creativity C．discovery D．ability

(B)12.A.wise B.harmful C．good D．helpful (C)13.A.kill B．sell C.produce D．give (A)14.A.shine B．celebrate C．create D．divide (D)15.A.refuses B．guesses C．lends D．offers 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了由哈佛大学的Julia Silverman 和Jessica Matthews共同发明的一种能够提供能量的足球，它其实就是一种便携式发电机。在踢球的过程中，通过踢球，击球，扔球所产生的能量被储存在球内部的一个装置里被保存起来，这些能量可以被用来给手机充电、照明等。

【答案精析】

1．B 考查形容词辨析。lazy“懒惰的”；active“活跃的”；bored“厌倦的”；silent“沉默的”。由“energy”可知用来描述“活跃的”孩子。故选B。

2．D 考查介词短语辨析。in the face of“面对”；in total“总共”；in that case“既然那样”；in fact“实际上”。由句意可知他解释sOccket“实际上”就是一台便携式发电机。

3．A 考查动词辨析。develop“开发；发展”；influence“影响”；lock“锁上”；mail“邮寄”。由后半句中的“a group project”可知他们把“开发”sOccket作为集体项目的一部分。故选A。

4．C 考查动词辨析。buy“买”；finish“结束”；throw“扔”；hate“讨厌”。和前面的动作kick和hit语境相似的是throw。故选C。

5．A 考查连词辨析。so that“目的是；为了”；when“当??时”；though“尽管”；unless“除非；如果不”。“put something directly into the ball”的目的是“get energy from it”。故选A。

6．B 考查动词辨析。afford“承担得起；买得起”；provide“提供”；suggest“建议”；improve“提高”。由上文“For every fifteen minutes of the game play”和下文“The...can store up to 24 hours' electricity.”可知每踢15分钟，sOccket就能为一盏LEF灯提供三个小时的电能。故选B。

7．D 考查名词辨析。phone“电话”；lamp“灯”；computer“电脑”；ball“球”。由上句中的“the sOccket can ...enough electricity for an LED lamp for three hours.”可知it指的就是sOccket，而sOccket就是a real soccer ball of energy。故选D。

8．C 考查副词辨析。heavily“严重地；重地”；hardly“几乎不”；nearly“将近”；happily“高兴地”。由下文“They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.”可知这里是指近15亿的人没有电用。故选C。

9．B 考查名词辨析。city“城市”；country“国家”；town“城镇”；village“村庄”。由上文中的India可知这里是指亚洲的其他国家。故选B。

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10．D 考查名词辨析。hero“英雄”；instruction“说明”；sentence“句子”；experience“经历”。由下句“They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in many areas.”可知他们在发展中国家经历了电力短缺的问题。故选D。

11．A 考查名词辨析。electricity“电力”；creativity“创造力”；discovery“发现”；ability“能力”。由上文“one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use”可知是指“电力”短缺。故选A。

12．B 考查形容词辨析。wise“明智的”；harmful“有害的”；good“好的”；helpful“有帮助的”。由“like kerosene(煤油) lamps”和“a lot of smoke”可知是指用“有害的”方式来取代电力照明。故选B。

13．C 考查动词辨析。kill“杀死”；sell“买”；produce“产生”；give“给”。众所周知，煤油灯点燃时会产生大量的烟。故选C。

14．A 考查动词辨析。shine“发光”；celebrate“庆祝”；create“创造”；divide“分开”。由“sOccket ball is one small solution to a big problem”以及sOccket ball是个能量提供装置可知他们希望sOccket ball能发出更多的光。故选A。

15．D 考查动词辨析。refuse“拒绝”；guess“猜”；lend“借”；offer“提供；给予”。由上文后半句“get some energy in return”可知是为人们提供把能量注入足球中的机会。故选D。

B (2016山西改编)

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 greet smile send lively impolite happy when easy reason person

When I open my e－mail the other day, Rachel, a pretty woman, appeared on my computer screen. She greeted me by name and started talking 1 happily. Sometimes she stopped 2 to__smile at me or blow a kiss. It was cool, right? In fact, she was reading to me an e- `mail from my brother John.

Rachel chould be there because of a new technology called Facemail. Facemail lets you

3 send e-mails in a funny way. By using it, your e-mails can be read to the receiver by an attractive4 person or by a clown(小丑). You can download the software at www. Facemail.com without paying. Facemail faces are 5 lively and they can simulate (模仿) the emotions that you put in your text. For example, type(输入) in

， and

Rachel blows a kiss.

Life FX, the company that developed the Facemail, is sure there are wide business uses. Why is e-business not so popular now? One of the 6 reasons is that buying online has no human touch. But if you go to the Nike website, and the famous basketball star Michael Jordan 7 greets you by name, serves you, and personally closes the sale, won't you be happy? Also, if Mom can't be home 8 when kids get back from school,

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she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat.

It's true that Facemail makes life 9 easy and fun, but it should be used with care. The clown looks lively and funny at first. But if you choose the clown, put a few 10 impolite words in an e-mail and add some angry emotions, you've got a Psycho mail(疯人型邮件)．

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种叫做Facemail的科技新产品，能以一种颇为迷人的男性、女性或丑角的形象向电子邮件的接收者发送邮件。Facemail发送的电子邮件能够将其内容拟人化，并带有发送者所赋予的表情，这样就使得阅读邮件的过程变得很有趣、令人感觉很舒适。

【答案精析】

1．happily 修饰动词talking要用副词，由前半句中的“greeted me by name”可知此处表示“开心地谈话”，故填happily。

2．to smile 由stop doing sth.和stop to do sth.结构确定此空填动词的－ing形式或“to＋动词原形”。由空格后的介词“at”确定选smile，smile at意为“朝??微笑”。最后由“or blow a kiss”可知是停止交谈来朝“我”微笑。故填to smile。

3．send 由let sb. do sth.结构确定此空填动词原形，由空格后的e－mails可知“发送”电子邮件用send。

4．person 由空格前的形容词“attractive”确定此空填名词，再由后半句中的“by a clown”确定此空填person。

5．lively 由空格前的“are”确定此空填形容词，再由“For example, type(输入) in, and Rachel blows a kiss.”可知此处表示邮件很生动，故填lively。

6．reasons 由空格前的“the”确定此空填名词，再由前句“Why is e－business not so popular now？”确定填名词reason。另外，“one of”后要接复数名词。故填reasons。

7．greets 此空作谓语，要用动词。再由“serves you”可知选择greet。注意是一般现在时且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词greet后要加s。

8．when 由“she can leave a note with a voice and picture on the screen to tell them what there is to eat”可知是“当孩子们从学校回到家时”。故填when。

9．easy 由“make＋宾语＋形容词”结构确定此空填形容词，由空格后“and fun”可知此处填easy。

10．impolite 由“add some angry emotions”确定填impolite。 Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机——AG600

World's largest amphibious (两栖的) plane—the AG600 was made in the southern city of Zhuhai in China on July 24th，2016. It plans to use to fight forest fires

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and perform marine rescue missions(海洋救援任务).

The plane has a maximum(最大的) takeoff weight of 53.5 tons, a maximum cruising(巡航) speed of 500 kilometers per hour, a maximum flight range(范围) of 4，500 km, and a maximum endurance(耐力) of 12 hours.

The 37－meter－long AG600 is by far the world's largest amphibian plane. It has a wing span(跨度) of 38.8 meters. It is about the size of a Boeing 737.

Besides taking off and landing like an ordinary plane, the AG600 can also take off from and land on an area of water. It is at least 1，500 meters long, 200 meters wide and 2.5 meters deep.

It is expected to become an important part of China's resources for dealing with emergencies(紧急事件). It can collect 12 tons of water in 20 seconds, and carry up to 370 tons of water on a single tank of fuel(燃料)．

The AG600 can also rescue up to 50 people far offshore(近海的). It is also useful in developing and exploiting(开采) marine resources.

The plane is the result of nearly seven years of work by a group of 70 plane component (部件) manufacturers (制造厂) and research teams with over 150 institutes(机构) from 20 provinces and municipalities(自治区) in China. The development and production of the plane received government's agreement in 2009.

(D)1.What does the AG 600 plan to use to do? A．Carry passengers to the island. B．Develop the use of the plane. C．Fight against the enemies.

D．Fight forest fires and perform marine rescue missions. (A)2.Which of the following about AG 600 is True? A．It is as big as a Boeing 737.

B．It's maximum takeoff weight is 50 tons. C．It has a maximum endurance of 10 hours. D．It has a maximum flight range of 5，500 km.

(B)3.What does the underlined word “It” refer to in the fourth paragraph? A．The plane. B．An area of water. C．The land. D．The plane's wing.

(B)4.What would be the best title for the passage? A．China has made world's largest plane

B．World's largest amphibious plane —the AG600 C．Amphibious plane's missions D．The result of seven years' work

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机——AG600的一些相关情况。

【答案精析】

1．D 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It plans to use to fight forest fires and perform marine rescue missions (海洋救援任务)．”可知选D。

2．A 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“It is about the size of a Boeing 737.”可确定A符合短文内容。由第二段内容可知B、C、D三项与原文不符。故选A。

3．B 单词指代题。由“the AG600 can also take off from and land on an area of

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water”可知选B。

4．B 标题概括题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了中国制造的世界上最大的两栖飞机——AG600。故选B。

B

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。

This is a home of the future, a “smart home”. Technology can do almost everything in it. Imagine we are in the year 2050, the computer wakes Tom up in the morning as usual. In front of him is a to－do list of the important events for the day. It is provided by the computer, too. 1__G__ All the dishes are nice.

As Tom eats breakfast, the computer reminds him to reply to Lucy. Before Tom finishes his next bite (一口), Lucy's computer receives the message. 2__E__ The store's system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name. “Good morning, Tom! Your order is in Case 4. Thank you for shopping.” When Tom removes his order from Case 4, all trades are completed automatically(自动地) over the information superhighway. 3__B__ Soon after arriving at the office, Tom reads another message from Lucy, telling him that she will go to dinner with him.

The smart home can also do many other things： ◆Find things like keys and mobile phones. ◆4__C__

◆Clean your home from clothes to buildings automatically.

◆Record everything and everyone entering and leaving the house. ◆Take care of each member of the family, young or old. 5__D__ It is sure to play an important part in our life. A．Don't think of your product as a computer.

B．That is, the money is electronically(电子地) paid into the bank. C．Turn on or turn off machines and lights with your voice. D．With the development of technology, the smart home will come true in the future. E．Then Tom goes to the supermarket.

F．Have you seen the instructions for the washing machine?

G．According to Tom's request, the computer serves a list of possible dishes. 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来的家。在这个家里很多事情都是由机器人做的，它会为你准备早饭；能帮助你购物；能替你找到钥匙和手机；能帮助你打开或关闭机器；能帮助你清扫你的家；能记录每个东西和每个人进出房子；能照顾好家里的成员。

【答案精析】

1．G 由空格后句“All the dishes are nice.”可知空格处与dish有关。七个选项中只有G项与此有关。故选G。

2．E 由空格后的“The store's system checks his car when he drives to the pickup area and greets him by name... Thank you for shopping.”可知Tom去超市了。故选E。

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3．B 由空格前句“all trades are completed automatically(自动地) over the information superhighway”可知此空和电子支付有关。七个选项中只有B项与此有关。故选B。

4．C 由“The smart home can also do many other things”可知C项符合此处语境。故选C。

5．D 由空格后句“It is sure to play an important part in our life.”可知the smart home在将来的生活中发挥作用。剩下的选项中只有D与此有关。故选D。

Ⅲ.补全对话

请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)

A：Look, Mona! __1__What's__this?

B：Oh, it's a personal computer. It is widely used in today's world. A: 2__Do__you__know__when__it__was__invented? B：Yes, it was invented in 1971. A: 3__What__is__it__used__for?

B：It is used for helping us work, study, relax and so on. A: 4__Who__was__it__invented__by?

B：It is said that it was invented by some American scientists.

A：By the way, __5__What__are__you__going__to__be__when__you__grow__up?

B：I want to be an inventor when I grow up. I can invent many useful inventions. A：Me too. Let's work hard to make our dreams come true. Ⅳ.书面表达

请根据下面的图表提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍一下有关圆珠笔发明的一些情况。并谈谈你自己的想法或建议。

提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯，段落分明； 2．短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；

3．词数不少于80，开头已经给出，不计入总词数。

The ball-point pen is widely used all over the world now.__________________________

_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：

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1．写作时以第三人称为主；发表意见时用第一人称；

2．介绍圆珠笔发明的情况时用一般过去时，可适当使用被动语态；介绍圆珠笔的优缺点以及作者的看法时用一般现在时；

3．图表中的全部信息要一一列举，不要遗漏；

4．词数不少于80，开头已经给出，不计入总词数。不能出现真实的人名和地名。

【写作模板】

【高分范文】

The ball－point pen is widely used all over the world

now.Let__me__tell__you__something__about__it.It__was__invented__by__an__American__named__John__Loud__in__1888__and__it__really__helped__people__write__faster__a

nd__made__

their__work__easier.Sometimes__the__ball-point__pen__leaked__and__it__needed__refilling.But__the__ball-point__pen__has__changed__a__lot.The__price__is__usually__low.The__ball-point__pen__is__becoming__smaller__and__lighter.It__is__really__useful__and__convenient__in__our__life.I__think__it__is__one__of__the__greatest__inventions__in__history.

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