中考新突破江西专用2017中考英语话题十四安全与守则试题

1 话题十四 安全与守则

(Safety and rules)

Ⅰ.完形填空

A

Accidents can happen indoors. Many young children get __1__ when playing in their homes. __2__ do these accidents happen?

A housewife is a __3__ person. She has to do most of the work at home. Sometimes she is __4__. She puts a pot of hot water on a table. When she goes out of the room, the child reaches up and __5__ the pot. The hot water spills over him and hurts him. Then the child may be __6__ to hospital at once.

Many other accidents happen. Kerosene(煤油) heaters(加热器) are sometimes __7__ by children playing at home. The kerosene spills out of the heater and burns. Soon the whole room is burning.

All things that can cut are dangerous. Sharp __8__ and scissors(剪刀) should be put away out of the reach of children. Small children should not be allowed to __9__ them.

Electricity is always dangerous. Electricity can be used for heating and cooking, __10__ it can also kill us! You should never touch any electric heaters or wire if it is turned on. Medicine makes us __11__ or kill us! Sometimes grown －up people are careless. They __12__ medicine in places where children can reach it. They find it and eat it. Perhaps they die.

The skins of bananas, oranges and other __13__ are very slippery(滑的). You __14__ not throw them on the ground. If you do, someone may step on them and fall down. They may break a leg or an arm. To stop accidents, please be careful in __15__ you do.

(B)1. A ．hit B ．hurt C ．cut D ．burned

(C)2.A.Why B ．What C ．How D ．When

(C)3.A.free B ．strict C ．busy D ．young

(D)4.A.interesting B ．friendly C ．careful D ．careless

(A)5.A.pushes down B ．turns down

C ．cuts down

D ．falls down

(C)6.A.fetched B ．put C ．sent D ．got

(B)7.A.looked out B ．knocked over

C ．turned on

D ．turned off

(B)8.A.pens B ．knives C ．tables D ．cups

(C)9.A.go with B ．deal with

C ．play with

D ．agree with

(C)10.A.so B ．and C ．but D ．then

(A)11.A.better B ．good C ．worse D ．happy

(B)12.A.take B ．leave C ．give D ．forget

(D)13.A.things B ．accidents C ．people D ．fruit

(A)14.A.should B．might C．need D．may

(D)15.A.something B．anything C．nothing D．everything

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。室内意外事故任何时候都有可能发生。本文通过举例子说明意外事故是如何在人们的眼皮底下发生的。

【答案精析】

1．B 考查动词辨析。hit“撞击”；hurt“受伤”；cut“切”；burned“烧伤”。get hurt意为“受伤”。由后文内容可知此处表示许多小孩在家中玩耍时会受伤。

2．C 考查疑问代词辨析。why“为什么”；what “什么”；how“如何，怎样”；when“什么时候”。由下文解释每个意外事故发生的具体情况，可知此处是下文的总起句，说明意外事故是如何发生的。

3．C 考查形容词辨析。free“有空的”；strict“严厉的”；busy“忙碌的”；young“年轻的”。由下一句“She has to do most of the work at home.”可知作为家庭主妇是忙碌的。故选C。

4．D 考查形容词辨析。interesting“有趣的”；friendly“友好的”；careful“小心的”；careless“粗心的”。正是因为家庭主妇通常是忙碌的，所以有时她很粗心，会导致儿童意外事故的发生。故选D。

5．A 考查动词短语辨析。 pushes d own“推倒”；turns down“拒绝，调小”；cuts down“砍倒”；falls down“摔倒”。由下文内容可知此处表示，小孩伸手去够从而推倒了水壶，故选A。

6．C 考查动词辨析。fetched“去取”；put “放”；sent“送”；got“到达”。由空格后的hospital可知，小孩受伤就会立刻被送往医院。故选C。

7．B 考查动词短语辨析。looked out“当心”；knocked over“碰翻”；turned on“打开”；turned off“关闭”。由空格前的内容可知此处表示，小孩有时玩耍时会不小心碰翻加热器，碰翻的加热器容易引起烧伤和火灾，故选B。

8．B 考查名词辨析。pens“笔”；knives “小刀”；tables“桌子”；cups“杯子”。上文提到，所有能够用来切割的东西都很危险，而小刀是可以切东西的，故选B。

9．C 考查动词短语辨析。go with“和……一起去”；deal with“处理”； play with“与……玩(某物)”；agree with“同意(某人)”。空格后的them指的是小刀或剪刀，所以不允许小孩去玩它们。

10．C 考查连词辨析。so“所以”；and“和；并且”；but“但是”；then“然后”。前文说电的作用与好处，后文说电的危害，故此处是转折关系，故选C。

11．A 考查形容词及比较级辨析。better “更好的”；good“好的”；worse“更糟的”；happy“愉快的”。药能使病人身体变好，指身体好应该用well不能用good，故选A。

12．B 考查动词辨析。take“带去”；leave“离开，留在”；give“给”；forget“忘记”。结合上下文语境可知大人不小心把药留在了小孩能拿到的地方，leave ＋ sth. ＋地点表示“把某物遗留在某处”，而forget后面不能接地点，故选B。

13．D 考查名词辨析。things“东西”；accidents“事故”；people“人们”；fruit“水果”。上文提到的香蕉和橘子属于水果，果皮很滑，故选D。

14．A 考查情态动词辨析。should“应该”；might“可能”；need“需要”；may“可能”。结合语境可知，人们不应该把果皮扔在地上，故选A。

15．D 考查代词辨析。something“有些事情”；anything“任何事情”；not hing“没有什么事情”；everything“所有事情”。结合语境可知，我们应该对所有做的事情都小心，这样才能阻止意外事故的发生，故选D。

B

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二孩政策

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用

instead let families have two children.

People knew the 1 news after an important meeting in Beijing. It's reported that there are many 2 reasons for the change in policy. One of them is to 3 balance population development.

China has the world's 4 largest population. It carried out the one－child policy in 1980. But the government permitted only a small number of couples to have two children. For example, at rural areas, 5 if the first－born is a girl, couples can have a 6 second child.

In 2013, the Chinese government gave other couples a 7 chance to have two children. Families could have two if one 8 parent was an only child. However, too many young people in the cities are probably no longer interested in 9 having two children.

10 At the end of 2014, China had a population of 1.37 billion people. A total of 800 million of them are employed(雇佣). With the two－child policy, an increase in births will change the labor shortage(短缺)．

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。党的十八届五中全会决定，全面实施一对夫妇可生育两个孩子政策，积极开展应对人口老龄化行动。这是继2013年，十八届三中全会决定启动实施“单独二孩”政策之后的又一次人口政策调整。

【答案精析】

1．news 由前文“政府计划结束独生子女的政策”可知，在北京召开的一个重要会议后，人们得知了这个消息。故填news。

2．reasons 因后文是介绍这项新政策推出的原因。而空格前面有many修饰，所以应该填reason的复数形式reasons。

3．balance 由空格前的to可知此处应填动词原形，由句意“这一新政策推行的原因之一是为了平衡人口的发展。”可知填balance。

4．largest 由常识可知，“中国有世界上最多的人口。”故此处应填形容词的最高级，前面有world's所以不用加the。故填largest。

5．if 由前文“以前计划生育政策只允许少数家庭生育两个孩子”及后文的例子可知空格处表条件，故填if。

6.second 由句意“例如，在农村，如果第一个出生的是女孩，则可再生第二胎。”可知此处应填second。

7．chance 空格前有a，因此此处应该填一个可数名词的单数，由句意“政府给予其他的夫妻再生一胎的机会。”可知此处应填chance。

8．parent 空格前面是one，因此此处应该填可数名词的单数，由句意“如果夫妻双方中有一方是独生子女，那么可以生育二胎。”可知parent符合题意。

9．having 句意为“城市中很多年轻夫妇对生育二胎没有兴趣。”be interested in doing sth.是固定用法，意为“对做某事没有兴趣”，故知此处应填have的－ing形式having。

10．At at the end of是固定搭配，意为“在……末尾”，位于句首，首字母应大写，故填At。

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Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Psychologist Adam Grant gives some excellent and special advice in The New York Times Magazine.Helping people isn't the enemy of saving time. It helps you work faster and better instead.

Deciding whether to help or not is often a waste of time. The recent news said that an old man died after he fell off his bike. Though there were nearly 50 people, including the young and the old, nobody gave him a hand. They hesitated and waited for others to help him. When a young man saw the old man lying on the ground, he took out his cell phone. After thinking for a while, he didn't dial. He walked to the end of the street and found a telephone booth(公用电话亭). He made a phone call to 120 with the phone. It took a long time for the ambulance to come along the narrow street. The doctor said the old man could be saved if one of the passers－by called 120 ten minutes earlier. The young man said he was so regretful for the old man. He went to the telephone booth because he didn't want to leave any record of calling 120. He was afraid to be cheated by the old man.

If the young man could call earlier, he could save the old man's life. It works better than putting energy and time into figuring out whether to help. As Grant says, if people need your help, just do it! In return, you will help yourself and gain happiness.

(A)1.What does the underlined word “regretful” mean according to the passage?

A．Sorry. B．Thankful. C．Worried. D．Stupid.

(B)2.What does the underlined word “It” refer to according to the passage?

A．Save the old man's life.

B．Call 120 earlier.

C．Leave the old man.

D．Help the old man.

(C)3.What does the young man's story tell us?

A．We should use the cell phone to call 120.

B．We can't help the old instead of the doctors.

C．When you want to help others, don't waste time to think whether to help.

D．Always be ready to help others.

(D)4.What's the best title for this article?

A．Call without thinking

B．Think before you help

C．Work happily

D．Never too early to help

【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。阐述了帮助他人并不会浪费时间，相反，它会使你更加有效快速地工作。本文列举了一个老人从自行车上摔倒的例子，目击者犹豫到底要不要用自己的手机打电话给医院，遗憾的是老人因此耽误了最佳急救时间。

【答案精析】

1．A 词义猜测题。sorry“抱歉，难过”；thankful “感激的”；worried“担心的”；stupid“愚蠢的”。老人因没有及时获得抢救最终死亡，男子对自己犹豫的行为感到抱歉难过，他那时只是因为不想留下自己的手机号码，而浪费时间去找公用电话拨打。故选A。

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2．B 单词指代题。结合上下文语境可知，如果这个年轻人早点打电话，就能够挽救老人的生命，这比把时间和精力放在计算该不该帮忙上要有效的多。由此可以判断，it指的是早点打电话这件事。故选B。

3．C 推理判断题。这个男子的故事告诉我们当想去帮助别人的时候就立刻去做，不要浪费时间思考该不该去做。故选C。

4．D 标题概括题。通过阅读全文，特别是文章前两段，表达了作者的观点：帮助别人要趁早，所以答案为D。

B

请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。

What are you going to do if you are in a burning house? Do you know how to save yourself? Please read the following items.

1__D__ It's important to know the right way to run away, such as exits and stairways, but not lifts.

From the lower floors of building, escaping from the windows is possible. 2__F__ When you are on the second floor, it's usually not high from the ground. It's about the height of an adult. 3__E__

It's important to protect yourself when you're waiting for help. 4__A__ If you don't do that, smoke may come into the room where you are. It's harmful to you. In that condition, you had better keep your head low to make sure that you can breathe fresh air rather than smoke.

If you are on the high floor, you can go up till the roof. 5__C__ Don't shout

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了火灾中的如何逃生的急救常识，首先要了解逃生的道路和出口方向，如果无路可走可以从窗户中跳下逃出，尤其是低楼层，如果门外着火不要开门让烟雾进来，如果在高楼可以想办法吸引别人注意求救。

【答案精析】

1．D 后文说了解火灾中逃生的出口是非常重要的。由此可知本段的主题句应该是要弄清楚在火灾中该做什么可以挽救生命。故选D。

2．F 通过前文如果所处楼层较低，可以从窗户逃生，而F项具体解释说明因跳窗而逃可能受伤的几率很小，符合上下文语境。故选E。

3．E 因前文所说如果从二楼跳下，离地面不是很高，所以得出结论跳窗逃脱比待在房间里更加安全。故选E。

4．A 由后文，如果你不这样做，烟就会进入到房间人所在的位置，因此要确保门是关闭的。故选A。

5．C 由前文“你可以逃到楼顶”以及后文“但为了保存体力不要一直大喊”可知这样做的目的是引起别人的注意。故选C。

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Ⅲ.补全对话

请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)

L：Hello, Pan. Is this your new car? How beautiful!

P：Oh, yes, Lisa. 1__Would__you__like__to__go__for__a__ride__with__me?

L：Yes, great! Well, do I have to wear the seat belt?

P：2__Yes,__you__must__/__need__/__have__to. You know, safety is the most important thing for us.

L：I agree. And can I talk with you while you're driving?

P：It depends. 3__You__can__talk__with__me__when__the__traffic__is__not__busy.

L：I see. I won't talk to you if the traffic is busy. By the way, are you a new driver?

P：Oh, yes. 4__This__is__my__first__time__to__take__a__passenger.

L：Oh, that's to say I'm the first passenger in your car. I'm so proud.

P：Me, too. 5__Where__shall__we__go？/__Where__do__you__want__to__go?

L：How about going to the Center Street？I know there are not so many people and the traffic is not busy there.

P：OK. Let's go now.

Ⅳ.书面表达

Bill 将作为交换生来你校进行为期一年的学习。请你根据下面图表写一封信，介绍你们学校的校规，并谈谈你对这些校规的看法。

提示： 1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；

2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；

3.词数不少于80，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Bill，

Welcome to our school.____________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What do you think of these rules? I hope you will have a good time here.

Yours, Li Hua 【审题指导】细读所给的文字提示，可以提取以下信息：

1．本文是介绍自己学校规则的说明文，用第一人称来写；

2．根据提示可以从4个方面来写：穿校服的规定、课堂规则、家庭作业要求、老师和同学相处的规则，最后一段写自己对校规的观点和看法；

3．对规则的介绍，可以用祈使句；

4．除去开头和结尾，词数应不少于80词，不得出现真实姓名和校名。

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【写作模板】

【高分范文】

Dear Bill，

Welcome to our school.Here are some rules in our school.First, we have to wear school uniforms on school days.Second, we are supposed to listen carefully in class.Eating or drinking is not allowed.After school, we should finish our homework on time.What's more, it's also important for us to respect teachers and get on well with other classmates.

In my opinion, most of these rules are good for us.They can help us develop good habits.But I think we should be allowed to wear our own clothes.What do you think of these rules? I hope you will have a good time here.

Yours, Li Hua

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