5学原理》(宏观)第五版测试题库 (25)

Chapter 25

Production and Growth

TRUE/FALSE

1. If per capita real income grows by 2 percent per year, then it will double in approximately 20 years.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-0 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

2.

Over the period 1870-2006, the United States experienced an average annual growth rate of real GDP per person of about 4 percent per year.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

3. In 2006, income per person in the United States was about 12 times that in India.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

4. Over the period 1900-2006, Brazil’s rate of economic growth exceeded that of China.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

5. If a country has a higher level of productivity than another, then it also has a higher level of real GDP.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity MSC: Analytical

6. International data on real GDP per person give us a sense of how standards of living vary across countries.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Real GDP MSC: Definitional

7.

Real GDP per person in rich countries, such as Germany, is sometimes more than 10 times that of poor countries like Pakistan.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Standard of living MSC: Definitional

8. Both the standard of living and the growth of real GDP per person vary widely across countries.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Standard of living | Real GDP MSC: Definitional

9.

If they could increase their growth rates slightly, countries with low income would catch up with rich

countries in about ten years.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth | Catch-up effect MSC: Interpretive

10. In the United States real GDP per person is about $44,000, while in some poor countries real GDP per person

is less than $3,000.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

1683

1684 ? Chapter 25 /Production and Growth

11. Although growth rates across countries vary some, rankings of countries by income remain pretty much the

same over time.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

12. International data on the history of real GDP growth rates shows that over the last 100 years or so, rich

countries got richer and poor countries got poorer.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

13. Productivity can be computed as number of hours worked divided by output.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity MSC: Definitional

14. Indonesians, for example, have a lower standard of living than Americans because they have a lower level of

productivity.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive

15. If Country A produces 6,000 units of goods and services using 600 hours of labor, and if Country B

produces 5,000 units of goods and services using 450 units of labor, then productivity is higher in Country B than in Country A.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity MSC: Applicative

16. Like physical capital, human capital is a produced factor of production.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Physical capital | Human capital MSC: Interpretive

17. Human capital is the term economists use to refer to the knowledge and skills that workers acquire through

education, training, and experience.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Human capital MSC: Definitional

18. A forest is an example of a nonrenewable resource.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: MSC: Definitional

Natural resources

19. Historical trends in the prices of most natural resources compared to prices of other goods indicate that natural

resources have become scarcer over time.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Natural resources MSC: Interpretive

20. It is possible for a country without a lot of domestic natural resources to have a high standard of living.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Natural resources | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive

Chapter 25 /Production and Growth ? 1685

21. Constant returns to scale is the point on a production function where increasing inputs will no longer increase

output.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Constant returns to scale MSC: Interpretive

22. As capital per worker rises, output per worker rises. However, the increase in output per worker from an

addition to capital is smaller, the larger is the existing amount of capital per worker.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Production function MSC: Analytical

23. An increase in the saving rate does not permanently increase the growth rate of real GDP per person.ANS: T DIF: 2 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Saving rate MSC: Definitional

24. Other things the same, another unit of capital will increase output by more in a poor country than in a rich

country.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity | Diminishing returns MSC: Interpretive

25. The catch-up effect refers to the idea that poor countries, despite their best efforts, are not likely ever to

experience the economic growth rates of wealthier countries.ANS: F DIF: 2 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Catch-up effect MSC: Interpretive

26. Two countries with the same saving rates must have the same growth rate of real GDP per person.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Saving rate | Catch-up effect MSC: Definitional

27. When Americans invest in Russia, the income of Russians (that is, Russian GNP) rises by more than does

production in Russia (that is, Russian GDP).ANS: F DIF: 3 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Foreign investment MSC: Applicative

28. If your company opens and operates a branch in a foreign country, you will be engaging in foreign direct

investment.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: International trade and finance TOP: Foreign investment MSC: Definitional

29. Investment in human capital has opportunity costs, but investment in physical capital does not.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Opportunity costs | Human capital | Physical capital MSC: Interpretive

30. Incentives for parents to send their children to school, such as small monthly payments to parents if their

children have regular attendance, appear to increase school attendance.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Economic growth MSC: Definitional

1686 ? Chapter 25 /Production and Growth

31. A country that made its courts less corrupt and its government more stable would likely see its standard of

living rise.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Property rights MSC: Definitional

32. If a country made it easier for people to establish and prove the ownership of their property, real GDP per

person would likely rise.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Property rights MSC: Interpretive

33. Economists generally believe that inward-oriented policies are more likely to foster growth than outward

oriented policies.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Trade policy MSC: Definitional

34. If a rich country reduced subsidies to domestic producers who produce goods for which poor countries have a

comparative advantage, the standard of living in these poor countries would likely rise.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Trade policy MSC: Definitional

35. One reason that governments may find it useful to sponsor universities and basic research is that to a large

extent knowledge is generally a private good.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Public goods MSC: Interpretive

36. The population growth rate tends to be higher in developed countries than in developing countries.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Population growth MSC: Definitional

37. In countries where women are discriminated against, policies that increase the likelihood of career success

and educational opportunities for women are likely to decrease the birth rate.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Population growth MSC: Definitional

38. Countries with high population growth rates tend to have lower levels of educational attainment.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Population growth MSC: Definitional

39. Studies confirm that controlling for other variables such as the percentage of GDP devoted to investment, poor

countries tend to grow at a faster rate than rich countries.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Catch-up effect MSC: Definitional

40. An increase in capital increases productivity only if it is purchased and operated by domestic residents.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Foreign investment MSC: Definitional

Chapter 25 /Production and Growth ? 1687

41. Other things the same, an economy’s factors of production are likely to be used more effectively if there is an

economywide respect for property rights.ANS: T DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Property rights MSC: Definitional

42. Economist Michael Kremer found that world growth rates fell as population increased.ANS: F DIF: 1 REF: 25-3 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Population growth MSC: Definitional

SHORT ANSWER1.

Use the data on U.S. real GDP below to compute real GDP per person for each year. Then use these numbers to compute the percentage increase in real GDP per person from 1987 to 2005.

Year 1987 2005 Real GDP (2000 prices) $6,435,000 million $11,092,000 million Population 243 million 296.6 million

ANS:

Real GDP per person in 1987 was $6,435,000/243= about $26,481. Income per person in 2005 was

$11,092,000/296.6 = about $37,397. Income per person grew by (37,397 - 26,481)/26,481 = about 41.2 percent.DIF: 1 REF: 25-1 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: MSC: Applicative

NAT: Analytic

Real GDP | Economic growth

2.

Why is productivity related to the standard of living? In your answer be sure to explain what productivity and standard of living mean. Make a list of things that determine labor productivity.ANS:

The standard of living is a measure of how well people live. Income per person is an important dimension of the standard of living and is positively correlated with other things such as nutrition and life expectancy that make

people better off. Productivity measures how much people can produce in an hour. As productivity increases, people can produce more (and use less to produce the same amount) and so their standard of living increases.

The factors that determine labor productivity include the amounts of physical capital (equipment and structures), human capital (knowledge and skills), and natural resources available to workers, as well as the state of technological knowledge in society.

DIF: 2 REF: 25-1 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: MSC: Interpretive

NAT: Analytic

Productivity | Standard of living

3.

What is a production function? Write an equation for a typical production function, and explain what each of the terms represents.ANS:

A production function is a mathematical representation of the relationship between the quantity of inputs used in production and the quantity of output produced using these inputs. A typical production function could be written as Y = A F(L, K, H, N), where Y denotes the quantity of output, L the quantity of labor, K the quantity of physical capital, H the quantity of human capital, N the quantity of natural resources, and A is a variable that reflects the available production technology.

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics MSC: Interpretive

TOP: Production function

Chapter 25 /Production and Growth ? 1703

25. In 2007, Modern Electronics, Inc. produced 60,000 calculators, employing 80 workers, each of whom worked

8 hours per day. In 2008, the same firm produced 76,500 calculators, employing 85 workers, each of whom worked 10 hours per day. Between 2007 and 2008, productivity at Modern Electronics a. decreased by 4.00 percent. b. remained constant.

c. increased by 8.33 percent. d. increased by 27.50 percent.

ANS: A

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 3 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

26. Consider two countries. Country A has a population of 1,000, of whom 800 work 8 hours a day to make

128,000 final goods. Country B has a population of 2,000, of whom 1,800 work 6 hours a day to make 270,000 final goods.

a. Country A has higher productivity and higher real GDP per person than country B. b. Country A has lower productivity and lower real GDP per person than country B. c. Country A has higher productivity, but lower real GDP per person than country B. d. Country B has lower productivity, but higher real GDP per person than country B.

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity | Real GDP

27. Workland has a population of 10,000, of whom 7,000 work 8 hours a day to produce a total of 224,000 final

goods. Laborland has a population of 5,000, of whom 4,000 work 12 hours a day to produce a total of 120,000 final goods.

a. Workland has higher productivity and higher real GDP per person than Laborland. b. Workland has higher productivity but lower real GDP per person than Laborland. c. Workland has lower productivity but higher real GDP per person than Laborland. d. Workland has lower productivity and lower real GDP per person than Laborland.

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 3 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity | Real GDP

28. Country A has a population of 1,000, of whom 700 worked an average of 8 hours a day and had a productivity

of 2.5. Country B has a population of 800, of whom 560 worked 8 hours a day and had productivity of 3.0. The country with the higher real GDP was

a. country A, and the country with higher real GDP per person was country A. b. country A, and the country with higher real GDP per person was country B. c. country B, and the country with higher real GDP per person was country A. d. country B, and the country with higher real GDP per person was country B.

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Analytical

DIF: 3 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity | Real GDP

29. Last year a country had 800 workers who worked an average of 8 hours and produced 12,800 units. This

year the country had 1000 workers who worked an average of 8 hours and produced 14,000 units. This country’s productivity was

a. higher this year than last year. A possible source of this change in productivity is a change in the

size of the capital stock.

b. higher this year than last year. A change in the size of the capital stock does not affect

productivity.

c. lower this year than last year. A possible source of this change in productivity is a change in the

size of the capital stock.

d. lower this year than last year. A change in the size of the capital stock does not affect

productivity.

ANS: C

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 3 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

1704 ? Chapter 25 /Production and Growth

30. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Productivity is calculated as hours worked divided by output produced.

b. Americans have a higher standard of living than Indonesians because American workers are more

productive than Indonesian workers.

c. Trends in the market prices of most resources indicate that they have become increasingly scarce

over time.

d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Interpretive

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

31. Which of the following is not correct?

a. Countries that have had higher output growth per person have typically done so without higher

productivity growth.

b. A country's standard of living and its productivity are closely related. c. Productivity refers to output produced per hour of work.

d. Increases in productivity can be used to increase output or leisure.

ANS: A

NAT: Analytic MSC: Interpretive

DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

32. Productivity is the

a. key determinant of living standards, and growth in productivity is the key determinant of growth in

living standards.

b. key determinant of living standards, but growth in productivity is not the key determinant of growth

in living standards.

c. not the key determinant of living standards, but growth in productivity is the key determinant of

growth in living standards.

d. not the key determinant of living standards, and growth in productivity is not the key determinant

of growth in living standards.

ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive

33. Both Tom and Jerry work 10 hours a day. Tom can produce six baskets of goods per hour while Jerry can

produce four baskets of the same goods per hour. It follows that Tom's a. productivity is greater than Jerry's. b. output is greater than Jerry's.

c. standard of living is higher than Jerry's. d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Productivity | Standard of living MSC: Interpretive

34. Waldo works eight hours and produces 7 units of goods per hour. Emerson works six hours and produces 10

units of goods per hour.

a. Waldo’s productivity and output are greater than Emerson’s.

b. Waldo’s productivity is greater than Emerson’s but his output is less. c. Emerson’s productivity and output are greater than Waldo’s.

d. Emerson’s productivity is greater than Waldo’s but his output is less.

ANS: C

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

Chapter 25 /Production and Growth ? 1705

35. In 8 hours, Sonja produces 8 units of goods and services. In 10 hours, Emma produces 9 units of goods and

services. It follows that

a. Sonja’s productivity is higher than Emma’s. b. Emma’s productivity is higher than Sonja’s.

c. Emma’s income per hour will be higher than Sonja’s. d. Sonja’s income per day will be higher than Emma’s.

ANS: A

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

36. Mary looks over reports on four of her workers. Jack made 25 baskets in 5 hours. Walter made 36 baskets in 6

hours. Rudy made 40 baskets in 10 hours. Sam made 22 baskets in four hours. Who has the greatest productivity? a. Jack b. Walter c. Rudy d. Sam

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

37. Real Foods produced 400,000 cans of diced tomatoes in 2007 and 460,000 cans of diced tomatoes in 2008.

They employed the same number of labor hours each year. Relative to their productivity in 2007, their productivity in 2008 was a. 6 percent lower. b. unchanged. c. 6 percent higher. d. 15 percent higher.

ANS: D

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

38. In 2007, Angel Foods produced 300,000 bags of tortilla chips, employing 12,000 hours of labor. In 2008,

Angel Foods produced 325,000 bags of tortilla chips, employing 13,000 hours of labor. Relative to their productivity in 2007, their productivity in 2008 a. decreased by 2.1 percent. b. was unchanged.

c. increased by 1.3 percent. d. increased by 2.3 percent.

ANS: B

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

39. Dilbert’s Incorporated produced 5,000,000 units of accounting software in 2004. At the start of 2005 the

pointy-haired boss reduced total annual hours of employment from 10,000 to 8,000 and production was 4,800,000. These numbers indicate that productivity a. fell by 4%. b. fell by 20%. c. rose by 12%. d. rose by 20%.

ANS: D

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

1706 ? Chapter 25 /Production and Growth

40. Dilbert’s Incorporated produced 6,000,000 units of software in 2005. At the start of 2006 the pointy-haired

boss raised employment from 10,000 total annual hours to 14,000 annual hours and production was 7,000,000 units. Based on these numbers what happened to productivity? a. It fell by about 16.7%. b. It stayed the same. c. It rose by about 16.7%. d. It rose by about 40%.

ANS: A

NAT: Analytic MSC: Applicative

DIF: 2 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

41. The key determinant of a the standard of living in a country is

a. the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. b. the total amount of goods and services produced within the country. c. the total amount of its physical capital. d. its growth rate of real GDP.

ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: Productivity and growth TOP: Standard of living | Productivity MSC: Interpretive42. Which of the following is a determinant of productivity?

a. human capital per worker b. physical capital per worker c. natural resources per worker d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: D

NAT: Analytic MSC: Interpretive

DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 LOC: Productivity and growth TOP:

Productivity

43. The inputs used to produce goods and services are also called

a. productivity indicators. b. capitalization producers. c. production functions. d. factors of production.

ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Factors of production MSC: Definitional

44. The Peapod Restaurant uses all of the following to produce vegetarian meals. Which of them is an example of

physical capital?

a. the owner's knowledge of how to prepare vegetarian entrees

b. the money in the owner's account at the bank from which she borrowed money c. the tables and chairs in the restaurant d. the land the restaurant was built on

ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

45. The equipment and structures available to produce goods and services are called

a. physical capital. b. human capital.

c. the production function. d. technology.

ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

Chapter 25 /Production and Growth ? 1707

46. The saws, lathes, and drill presses that woodworkers at Cedar Valley Furniture use to produce furniture are

called

a. human capital. b. physical capital. c. natural resources.

d. technological knowledge.

ANS: B DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

47. Which of the following would not be considered physical capital?

a. a new factory building

b. a computer used to help Mercury Delivery Service keep track of its orders c. on-the-job training

d. a desk used in an accountant's office

ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

48. Which of the following is physical capital?

a. the strength of workers b. the knowledge of workers

c. financial assets like cash and bonds d. the equipment in a factory

ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

49. Which of the following would be considered physical capital?

a. the refrigerators at Uncle Bob’s restaurant b. rivers on which goods are transported c. the skills and knowledge of a lawyer d. All of the above are correct.

ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

50. Which of the following terms do we use to mean the same thing as physical capital?

a. assembly line b. manual labor c. capital

d. factor of production

ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Physical capital MSC: Definitional

51. Human capital is the

a. knowledge and skills that workers acquire through education, training, and experience. b. stock of equipment and structures that is used to produce goods and services. c. total number of hours worked in an economy. d. same thing as technological knowledge.

ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 25-2 NAT: Analytic LOC: The Study of economics, and definitions of economics TOP: Human capital MSC: Definitional

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/cy46.html