成人学位英语讲义(讲义)

语法结构与挑错

第一部分倒装

一、要点

全部倒装（三级考试不考）：全部谓语放在主语前

部分倒装（三级考试的考点）：部分谓语（助动词、情态动词、系动词）放在主语前

助动词：did、do、does、have、has、had、are、were、will、

情态动词：can、could、should、ought to、may

系动词：is、was

解题步骤：

1、识别标志性结构

2、选出部分倒装的选项

（1）先排除没有倒装的选项

（2）其他可能的干扰项

①不同的时态

②主被动的选择

③双重否定的干扰

二、否定词或否定短语置于句首

（一）标志结构

1、否定词

never、hardly…when、scarcely、no sooner…than、rarely、nowhere、little、seldom、not +副词

2、否定短语

by no means、in no case、in no way、at no time、in no sense、on no account、under no circumstances （二）三级考试真题汇编

1、No sooner_______ got to the station than it began to rain heavily.

A. had I

B. have I

C. I had

D. I have

2、No sooner had we sat down _______ we found it was time to go.

A. than

B. when

C. as

D. while

3、No sooner had they got off the train_______it started moving.

A. when

B. than

C. then

D. after

4、No sooner had they got the good covered up _______it started raining hard.

A. When

B. than

C. then

D. after

5、No sooner had she entered the house _______ the telephone rang.

A. when

B. than

C. as

D. while

6、Not until I came to China _______ what kind of a country she is.

A. I knew

B. I didn't know

C. I did know

D. did I know

7、Not until I reminded him for the third time _______working and looked up.

A. that he stopped

B. does he stopped

C. did he stop

D. that he stopped

8、Not until most of the people had left the airport _______ his sister was there.

A. that he saw

B. had he seen

C. did he see

D. that he had seen

9、Not until Columbus discovered America _______ to Europe.

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A. bananas were brought

B. bananas brought

C. are bananas brought

D. were bananas brought

10、_______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.

A. Little they realize

B. They little do realize

C. Little realize do they

D. Little do they realize

11、So little _______ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.

A. did I know

B. I had known

C. I knew

D. was I known

12、Not once _______ your sentence correctly.

A. Y ou have copied

B. did you have copied

C. have you copied

D. have you been copied

13、Nowhere else in the world _______ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.

A. you can find

B. is found

C. can you find

D. has been found

14、Not always _______ they want to.

A. people can do what

B. People cannot do what

C. can people do what

D. can?t people do what

15、By no means _______ our mistakes.

A. we ought ignore

B. we ought to ignore

C. ought we ignore

D. ought we to ignore

16、In no case _______ the students from exploring new ideas.

A. we should prevent

B. we could prevent

C. should we prevent

D. shouldn?t prevent

17、_______ the first to use nuclear weapons.

A. At no time China will be

B. Never China will be

C. Will China never be

D. At no time will China be

18、By no means _______ to move to a new place far away from her workplace, because it isn't convenient for her family and herself.

A. Jane will agree

B. will Jane agree

C. Jane will disagree

D. will Jane disagree

19、By no means__________to her parents.

A. this is the first time has she lied

B. this is the first time does she tell a lie

C. is this the first time She has lied

D. is this the first time she was lying

（三）其他考试真题选编

1、Not until the game had begun _______ at the sports ground.

A had he arrived

B would he have arrived

C did he arrive

D should he have arrived

2、Not until the early years of the 19th century _______ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man knew

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

3、Not until I began to work _______ how much time I had wasted.

A. didn't I realize

B. did I realize

C. I didn't realize

D. I realized

4、Not until all the fish died in the river _______ how serious the pollution was .

A. did the villagers realize

B. the villagers realized

C. the villagers did realize

D. didn't the villagers realize

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5、I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life _______ so happy!

A. did I feel

B. I felt

C. I had felt

D. had I felt

6、The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _______ with each other.

A. they had quarreled

B. they have quarreled

C. have they quarreled

D. had they quarreled

7、Never in my wildest dreams _______ these people are living in such poor conditions.

A. I could imagine

B. could I imagine

C. I couldn't imagine

D. couldn't I imagine

8、_______ got into the room, _______ the telephone rang.

A. He hardly had, then

B. Hardly had he, when

C. He had not, than

D. Not had he, when

9、—Did Linda see the traffic accident?

—No, no sooner _______ than it happened.

A. had she gone

B. she had gone

C. has she gone

D. she has gone

10、Maybe you have been to many countries , but nowhere else _______ such a beautiful palace .

A. can you find

B. you could find

C. you can find

D. could you find

11、Little _______ that we were watching his every move, so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

A. he realized

B. he didn't realize

C. didn't he realize

D. did he realize

12、I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _______ so lonely as now.

A. have I felt

B. I had felt

C. I have felt

D. Had I felt

13、Not a single song _______ at yesterday's party.

A. she sang

B. sang she

C. did she sing

D. she did sing

14、Never before _______ in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.

A. has this city been

B. this city has been

C. was this city

D. this city was

15、—How was the televised debate last night?

—Super! Rarely _______ so much media attention.

A. a debate attracted

B. did a debate attract

C. a debate did attract

D. attracted a debate

16、We have been told that under no circumstances _______ the telephone in the office for personal affairs.

A. may we use

B. we may use

C. we could use

D. did we use

三、only+状语置于句首

（一）标志结构

only+副词：then、once、recently

only+介词短语：in this way、by doing、at that time

only+状语从句：because、when

（二）三级真题汇编

1、Only recently _______ to deal with the environmental problems.

A. something has done

B. has something done

C. has something been done

D. something has been done

（三）其他真题选编

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1、I failed in the final examination last term and only then _______ the importance of studies.

A. I realized

B. I had realized

C. had I realized

D. did I realize

2、Only then _______ how much damage had been caused.

A. she realized

B. she had realized

C. had she realized

D. did she realize

3、Only in this way _______ progress in your English.

A. you make

B. can you make

C. you be able to make

D. will you able to make

4、Only under special circumstances _______ to take make-up tests.

A. permitted are freshmen

B. freshmen are permitted

C. are freshmen permitted

D. are permitted freshmen

5、Only when the war was over _______ to his hometown?

A. did the young soldier return

B. the young soldier did return

C. returned the young soldier

D. the young soldier returned

6、Only when your identity has been checked _______.

A. you are allowed in

B. you will be allowed in

C. will you allow in

D. will you be allowed in

四、so、neither、nor置于句首

（一）标志结构

so（也）用于肯定语境

neither、nor（也不）用于否定语境

（二）三级真题汇编

1、Our society has changed and _______ in it.

A. so the people have

B. the people have so

C. so have the people

D. have the people so

2、Parking is a big problem _______.

A. the traffic is so

B. is so the traffic

C. so the traffic is

D. so is the traffic

3、I couldn?t find peter, _______ did I know where he had gone.

A. never

B. either

C. nor

D. as

4、If you go to the movie tonight, so _______ I .

A. will

B. do

C. am

D. can

5、James doesn't like pop music, ____does his sister.

A. so

B. also

C. either

D. neither

（三）其他真题选编

1、—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

—I don't know, _______.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

2、Of the making of good books there is no end; neither _______ any end to their influence on m an?s lives.

A. there is

B. there are

C. is there

D. are there

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3、—I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

—_______.

A. Nor am I

B. Neither would I

C. Same with me

D. So do I

4、If Joe?s wife won?t go to the party, _______.

A. he will either

B. neither will he

C. he neither will

D. either he will

5、Mary never does any reading in the evening, _______.

A. so does John

B. John does too

C. John doesn?t too

D. nor does John

6、She never laughed , _______ lose her tempt.

A. or she ever did

B. nor did she ever

C. with which

D. nor she ever did

7、The engineer is not happy with the project, and _______ is her boss.

A. neither

B. so

C. either

D. as

五、as引导的让步状语从句

（一）标志结构

名词（无冠词）

形容词+as+主语+动词

副词

分词

（二）三级真题汇编

1、Y oung _______ he is, he knows what is the right thing to do.

A. that

B. as

C. although

D. however

2、_______ at Harvard, he began again to write his essay.

A. Busy was as he

B. Busy as was he

C. Busy as he was

D. As was he busy

3、_______, he felt tired out after the long journey for eight hours.

A. Strong as he is

B. The stronger he is

C. Strong man that he is

D. For he is strong

（三）其他真题选编

1、_______ as it was at such a time , his work attracted much attention.

A. Being published

B. Published

C. Publishing

D. To be published

2、_______ , he does get annoyed with her sometimes.

A. Although much he likes her

B. Much although he likes her

C. As he likes her much

D. Much as he likes her

3、_______ I admire David as a poet, I do not like him as a man.

A. Much as

B. Only if

C. If only

D. As much

4、_______, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as John.

A. As long as I have traveled

B. Now that I have traveled so much

C. Much as I have traveled

D. As I have traveled so much

六、挑错

1、Factory workers had to work very hard before, so had farmers. （2008.4）

A B C D

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2、“Never I have heard such a thing in my life!”said the old man.（2005.11）

A B C D

3、Only when it started to rain he noticed that he had left his raincoat somewhere.（2004.4）

A B C D

4、At no time and under no circumstances China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.（2002）

A B C D

5、I could not speak the language, neither had I friends nor acquaintances in the town.（2001）

A B C D

6、So absorbed she was in her work that she didn't realize it was time that she picked up her

A B C D

daughter.（2009.11）

第二部分强调句

一、要点

It is (was)+被强调部分＋that＋句子其余部分

解题步骤：

（1）确定被强调部分（被强调部分在三级的单选中只考过状语）

状语的表现形式：

副词：then、once、recently

介词短语：in this way、by doing、at that time

状语从句：because、when

（2）选项落在that上

二、三级考试真题汇编

1、It was in that small room _______ they worked hard and dreamed of better days to come.

A. where

B. in which

C. which

D. that

2、It was not_______ midnight that they discovered the children were not in their beds.

A. before

B. at

C. after

D. until

3、It was not until dawn _______ their way out of the forest.

A. when they found

B. that they found

C. did they find

D. that they didn?t find

4、It is from my grandparents _______ I learned a lot.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. which

5、Was it in 1969 _______ the American astronaut succeeded _______ landing on the moon?

A. when; on

B. that; on

C. which; in

D. that; in

6、It was not until it got dark _______ working.

A. that they stopped

B. when they stopped

C. did they stop

D. that they didn't stop

7、It is because she is very devoted to her students _______ she is respected by them.

A. that

B. which

C. what

D. who

8、It is because he is kind and modest _______ he wins the respect of others.

A. what

B. which

C. why

D. that

9、It was while she was sleeping in her bedroom _______ a thief broke into the house.

A. which

B. that

C. where

D. than

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10、Was it because he was ill _______ he asked for leave?

A. so

B. when

C. why

D. that

11、It was in 2005 _____we began to introduce this new technique into our company.

A. which

B. then

C. when

D. that

三、其他真题选编

1、It was not until 1920 _______ regular radio broadcasts began.

A. while

B. which

C. that

D. since

2、It was _______ back home after the experiment .

A. not until midnight did he go

B. until midnight that he didn?t go

C. not until midnight that he went

D. until midnight when he didn?t go

3、It wasn?t until nearly a month later _______ I received the manager?s reply .

A．since B．when C．as D．that

4、It was about 600 years ago _______ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

A. that

B. until

C. before

D. when

5、_______ was in 1979 _______ I graduated from the university.

A. That … that

B. It…that

C. That … when

D. It … when

6、It was for this reason _______ her uncle moved out of New Y ork and settled down in a small village.

A. which

B. why

C. that

D. how

7、It was only with the help of the local guide _______.

A. was the mountain climber rescued

B. that the mountain climber was rescued

C. when the mountain climber was rescued

D. then the mountain climber was rescued

8、It was not _______ she took off her dark glasses_______ I realized she was a famous film star.

A. when; that

B. until; that

C. until; when

D. when; then

9、It was not until she got home _______ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.

A. when

B. that

C. where

D. before

10、It _______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _______ I found we had a lot in common.

A. was until; when

B. was until; that

C. wasn?t until; when

D. wasn?t until; that

11、It was only when I reread his poems recently _______ I began to appreciate their beauty.

A. until

B. that

C. then

D. so

12、It was after he got what he had desired _______ he realized it was not so important.

A. that

B. when

C. since D as

四、挑错（连接词划线）

1、It was in this school where he had studied for four years.（2005.4）

A B C D

2、It is in his spare time when Robert teaches himself English and Japanese.（2004.11）

A B C D

3、It was in the primary school where my teacher introduced me to computers.（2003.11）

A B C D

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4、I t is driving on the left what causes visitors to Britain the most trouble.（2003.4）

A B C D

5、It is on each individual effort which the safety and happiness of the whole depend. （1998）

A B C D

第三部分反意疑问句

一、基本结构

（一）前肯后否

have 用法总结：

①助动词：have、has、had

②情态用法：have to

③实意动词

三级真题汇编

1、We had to wait a long time to get our passports, _______?

A. won't we

B. don't we

C. didn't we

D. shouldn't you

2、His wife had the front door painted green yesterday, _______ she?

A. did

B. didn?t

C. had

D. hadn?t

其他真题选编

1、Sarah had her washing machine repaired the day before yesterday, _______ she?

A. had

B. did

C. hadn't

D. didn't

2、Y ou had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _______ ?

A. had you

B. hadn?t you

C. did you

D. didn?t you

（二）前否后肯（注意否定词，在倒装中曾经提过）

三级真题汇编

1、She scarcely cares for anything, _______?

A. doesn't she

B. does she

C. is she

D. isn't she

2、Y ou never told me you have seen the film, _______?

A. had you

B. didn?t you

C. did you

D. weren?t you

二、祈使句的反意

（一）标志结构

Do 请求will you？

邀请won?t you？

Don?t，will you？

Let?s，shall we？

Let us，will you？

（二）三级真题汇编

1、Don't forget to post the letter for me, _______?

A. do you

B. will you

C. are you

D. can you

2、Don?t forget to write to me, _______?

A. will you

B. didn?t you

C. are you

D. don?t you

3、Let?s start working on the project, _______?

A. shall we

B. will we

C. don?t we

D. aren?t we

4、Please let us have more time, _______.

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A. shall we

B. will you

C. won't you

D. don't you

（三）其他真题选编

1、Be sure to write to us, _______ ?

A. will you

B. aren't you

C. can you

D. mustn't you

2、Don't smoke in the meeting-room, _______ ?

A. do you

B. will you

C. can you

D. could you

3、When you?ve finished with that book, don?t forget to put it back one the shelf, _______?

A. do you

B. don?t you

C. will you

D. won?t you

4、It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _______?

A. won't we

B. will we

C. don't we

D. shall we

5、We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, _______.

A. do you

B. can we

C. will you

D. shall we

三、含有从句的反意

（一）解题要点：

1、主句都是个人的主观判断，因此真正的反意对象是从句

2、如果主句中有否定，要将其放在从句中

（二）三级真题汇编

1、I suppose you're not serious, _______?

A. don't I

B. do I

C. are you

D. aren't you

2、I suppose you are not serious, _______？

A. do I

B. don't I

C. are you

D. aren't you

3、Y our mother told me that you overslept this morning, _______?

A. didn't she

B. didn't you

C. did she

D. did you

4、I don't think you've heard of him before, _______?

A. don't I

B. do I

C. have you

D. haven't you

5、I don't think Mary understood what you said, _______?

A. do I

B. didn't she

C. did you

D. did she

（三）其他真题选编

1、I?m sure you?d rather she went to school by bus, _______?

A. hadn?t you

B. wouldn?t yo u

C. aren?t I

D. didn?t she

2、I don?t suppose anyone will volunteer, _______?

A. do I

B. don?t I

C. will they

D. won?t they

四、挑错

1、I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John?s birthday Party, hadn?t you? （2008.11）

A B C D

2、Let's hurry up and try to get to the railway station in time, can we? （2007.11）

A B C D

3、Dear Helen, please forgive him for his rudeness, can you ?（2007.4）

A B C D

4、Let's go and watch that new movie at eight tonight, won't we?（2006.11）

A B C D

5、You have heard from him since last month, have you?（1999）

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A B C D

6、When you've finished with that book，don't forget to put it back on the shelf，won't you?

A B C D （2010.5）

第四部分主谓一致

一、

not only A but also B

not A but B

either A or B

neither A nor B

A or B

当这些结构做主语的时候，根据B来判断谓语的数

（一）三级真题

1、Neither John nor I _______ able to persuade Richard?s grandfather to attend the wedding.

A. am

B. are

C. are to be

D. is

（二）其他真题

1、Not only I but also Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another.

A. is

B. are

C. am

D. be

二、

A和B（with、together with、along with、as well as）

A除了B（but、except）

当这些结构做主语的时候，根据A来判断谓语的数

（一）三级真题汇编

1、Mr. Smith, together with his wife and children, _______ going to the party this weekend.

A. am

B. is

C. are

D. will

2、The teacher, as well as all his students, _______ by the dancer's performance.

A. was impressed

B. had impressed

C. impressed

D. were impressed

3、Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.

A. work

B. working

C. is working

D. are working

4、A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered

B. has offered

C. are offered

D. have offered

（二）其他真题选编

1、A library with five thousand books _______ to the nation as a gift.

A. is offered

B. has offered

C. are offered

D. have offered

2、The father as well as his three children _______ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.

A. is going

B. go

C. goes

D. are going

3、E-mail, as well as telephones, _______ an important part in daily communication.

A. is playing

B. have played

C. are playing

D. play

4、No one in the department but Tom and I _______ that the director is going to resign.

A. knows

B. know

C. have known

D. am to know

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5、All the employees except the manager _______ to work online at home.

A. encourages

B. encourage

C. is encouraged

D. are encouraged

三、不定式、动名词、主语从句、名词短语作主语时谓语动词用单数。

（一）三级真题汇编

1、When and where the new hospital will be built _______ a mystery.

A. to remain

B. remains

C. remain

D. is remaining

2、How the fire in the dancing hall started _______ a mystery.

A. to remain

B. remains

C. remain

D. is remaining

3、How close parents are to their children _______ a strong influence on the development of the children's character.

A. have

B. has

C. having

D. had

（二）其他真题选编

1、How close parents are to their children _______ a strong influence on the character of the children.

A. have

B. has

C. having

D. to have

2、When and where to build the new factory _______ yet.

A. is not decided

B. are not decided

C. has not decided

D. have not decided

3、Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _______ yet.

A. hasn?t been decided

B. haven?t decided

C. isn?t being decided

D. aren?t decided

四、其他

（一）三级真题汇编

1、One of the guards _______ when the general came in, which made him very angry.

A. has slept

B. were sleeping

C. slept

D. was sleeping

2、Many a person in this circumstance _______ for a long break.

A. have hoped

B. has hoped

C. are hoping

D. has been hoped

3、Many a man__________lifeis meaningless without a purpose.

A. thinks

B. thinking

C. have thought

D. think

（二）其他真题选编

1、Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university _______ .

A. has been accepted

B. have been accepted

C. was accepted

D. were accepted

2、Most of what has been said about the Smiths _______ also true of the Johnsons.

A. are

B. is

C. being

D. to be

3、Every possible means _______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used

B. are used

C. has been used

D. have been used

4、He is the only one of the students who _______ a winner of scholarship in three years.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. has been

11

5、The number of people invited _______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.

A. were; was

B. was; was

C. was; were

D. were; were

6、The owner and editor of the newspaper _______ the conference.

A. were attending

B. were to attend

C. is to attend

D. are to attend

7、A poet and artist _______ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. were

8、As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area _______.

A. need repairing

B. needs to repair

C. needs repairing

D. need to repair

9、_______ of the land in that district _______ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth … is

B. Two fifth … are

C. Two fifths … is

D. Two fifths … are

五、挑错

1、E-mail as well as mobile telephones are becoming more and more popular in daily

A B C

Communication.（2008.11）

D

2、This is such a beautiful day that everyone around us feel like going out for a walk.（2006.11）

A B C D

3、The director and manager of the department are very strict with the employees. （2005.11）

A B C D

4、According to our estimate, only one out of three company managers have been trained in the

A B C

field of management.（2005.4）

D

5、People complain that the cost of setting up a company are so great that only the rich can

A B C

afford to run a company in that country. （2004.11）

D

6、Nearly three quarters of the surface of the earth are covered with water, and there would be

A B C

even less land if the polar icecaps were melt.（2003.11）

D

7、The salesman told me that a good pair of glasses were supposed to last at least 3 to 4 years.

A B C D

（2001）

8、The news coming from different parts of the world are often extremely discouraging these

A B C D

days.（2000）

9、Unlike Americans who seem to prefer coffee, the English drinks a great deal of tea.（1999）

A B C D

12

10、A number of errors made by him was surprising. （1998）

A B C D

第五部分时态

一、现在时态代替将来时态

（一）解题要点：

1、时间状语从句和条件状语从句中（注意标志结构）

2、从句中选择一般现在时或现在完成时

（二）三级真题汇编

1、Smith is to study medicine as soon as he _______ military service.

A. will finish

B. has finished

C. finish

D. would finish

2、They will go home for winter vacation as soon as they _______ their exams.

A. have finished

B. finish

C. will finish

D. will have finished

3、“When are you going to visit your uncle in Chicago?”

“As soon as_______ our work for tomorrow.”

A. we?re complete

B. we?d complete

C. we?ll complete

D. we complete

4、Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _______ with it.

A. finish

B. are finished

C. have finished

D. are finishing

5、When the mixture _______, it will give off a powerful force.

A. will heat

B. will be heated

C. is heated

D. has heated

6、When you _______ this over with her, you should not see her any more.

A. talk

B. talked

C. will talk

D. talking

7、Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _______.

A. will come

B. would come

C. shall come

D. come

8、No one can be sure if the car on display fits him or her until he or she _______them.

A. tries

B. will try

C. are trying

D. have tried

9、If it_____ tomorrow, we will stay indoors to have our training class.

A. rains

B. rain

C. will rain

D. rained

（三）其他真题选编

1、If she doesn?t tell him the truth now , he?ll simply keep on asking her until she _______.

A does

B has done

C will do

D would do

2、Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _______ home.

A. wrote

B. will write

C. have written

D. write

二、一般过去时

（一）单独使用

1、Y ou've already missed too many classes this term. Y ou _______ two classes just last week.

A. missed

B. would miss

C. had missed

D. have missed

2、No one can possibly recall any detail about the meeting. It is at least five years since it _______.

A. had taken place

B. was taken place

13

C. took place

D. was taking place

（二）参照时态

过去完成时

1、The chemistry class _______ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on

B. was on

C. has been on

D. would be on

2、About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _______ paper.

A. invented

B. had invented

C. have invented

D. had been invented

3、When I went to visit Mrs. Smith last week, I was told she _______ two days before.

A. has left

B. was leaving

C. would leave

D. had left

过去进行时

1、Mary _______ in the garden when it began to rain.

A. was walking

B. walked

C. walking

D. had walked

2、When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun _______.

A. shone

B. shines

C. has shone

D. was shining

3、I fell and hurt myself while I _______ tennis.

A. was playing

B. am playing

C. play

D. played

4、The goods _______ when we arrived at the airport.

A. were just unloading

B. were just been unloading

C. had just unloaded

D. were just being unloaded

5、When Bob and his friends came, we____ our supper then.

A. had

B. were having

C. have

D. are having

三、将来完成时和将来完成进行时

（一）解题要点：

1、by+将来时间

2、选择will(shall) have done (been doing)

（二）三级真题汇编

1、We're late. I expect the film _______ by the time we get to the cinema.

A. had already started

B. have already started

C. will already have started

D. have already been started

2、By the time Juan gets home, his aunt _______.

A. will leave

B. leaves

C. will have left

D. is leaving

3、I _______ writing the article by the time you get back.

A. shall finish

B. must have finished

C. have finished

D. shall have finished

4、All the machines _______ by the end of the following week.

A. were repaired

B. will be repaired

C. have been repaired

D. will have been repaired

5、By next year he _______ in New Y ork for five years.

A. has worked

B. has been working

C. works

D. will have worked

6、By the time you arrive this evening, _______ for two hours.

A. I will study

B. I will have been studied

14

C. I had studied

D. I will have been studying

7、Mrs. White became a teacher in 1985. She _______ for twenty years by next summer.

A. will teach

B. would have taught

C. has been teaching

D. will have been teaching

8、By the time you finish your homework, all of us__________ ours at hand, I'm sure.

A. will finish

B. will have finished

C. have finished

D. have been finishing

（三）其他真题选编

1、By the end of this month , we surely _______ a satisfactory solution to the problem.

A. have found

B. will be finding

C. will have found

D. are finding

2、It?s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _______ by about 10%.

A. will have risen

B. has risen

C. will be rising

D. has been rising

3、The conference _______ a full week by the time it ends.

A. must have lasted

B. will have lasted

C. would last

D. has lasted

4、My train arrives in New Y ork at five o?clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _______ by then.

A. would

B. will have left

C. has left

D. had left

5、By the time he arrives in Beijing, we _______ here for two days.

A. will have stayed

B. have been staying

C. shall stay

D. have stayed

6、By the time you get to New Y ork, I _______for London.

A. would be leaving

B. am leaving

C. have already left

D. shall have left

四、现在完成时和现在完成进行时

1、English _______ in a new way at my college in the past few years.

A. has been teaching

B. was being taught

C. has been taught

D. had been taught

2、I _______ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.

A. was knocking

B. am knocking

C. knocking

D. have been knocking

3、Since he left the university, he _______ in an accounting company.

A. has been working

B. had worked

C. had been working

D. was working

4、In recent years many football clubs _______ as business to make a profit. （2008上海）

A. have run

B. have been run

C. had been run

D. will run

5、Over the past decades, sea ice______ in the Arctic(北极) as a result of global warming.

A. had decreased

B. will decrease

C. has been decreasing

D. is decreasing

五、挑错

15

1、Look at the beautiful flowers here ! How wonderful they are smelling.（2007.4）

A B C D

2、After driving twenty miles, he suddenly realized that he has been driving in a wrong direction.

A B C D

（2006.4）

3、Collecting toy cars as a hobby becomes increasingly popular during the past fifty years.

A B C D

（2005.4）

4、In Hawaii, people are friendly and always warmly welcomed visitors.（2004.11）

A B C D

5、Where did the accident in which your friend was hurt took place?（2003.11）

A B C D

6、Even though Sedat has been studying English for three years before came to the United

A B C

States ，it is still difficult for him to express himself.（2003.4）

D

7、Ever since the world began, nations have difficulty in keeping peace with their neighbors.

A B C D

（2001）

8、If you happen to come across Jack, please tell him to come and see me when he will be free.

A B C D （2000）

9、Joe's father has died ten years ago, so he has lived with his mother since then.（2009.11）

A B C D

第六部分虚拟语气

一、非真实条件句

（一）三个基本形态

1、要点

2

（1）If a better material _______, the strength of the part would have been increased.

A. had been used

B. had been using

C. being used

D. using

（2）If you _______ that night, you might have been too late to get your ticket.

A. didn't hurry

B. hadn't hurried

C. wouldn't hurry

D. hadn't to hurry

（3）I would ask George to lend us the money if I _______ him.

A. had known

B. have known

C. knew

D. to have knew

（4）Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _______ the same language?

16

A. spoke

B. speak

C. had spoken

D. will speak

（5）He____the maths examination if he had worked hard enough, but he didn't.

A. would pass

B. has passed

C. would have passed

D. passed

3、其他真题选编

（1）If the whole operation _______ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A. was not planned

B. has not been planned

C. had not been planned

D. were not planned

（2）Things might have been much worse if the mother _______ on her right to keep the baby.

A. has been insisting

B. had insisted

C. would insist

D. insisted

（3）I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _______ , she would have met my brother.

A. has come

B. did come

C. came

D. had come

（4）Y ou didn't let me drive. If we _______ in turn, you _______ so tired.

A. drove, didn't get

B. drove; wouldn't get

C. were driving; wouldn't get

D. had driven; wouldn't have got

（二）四种特殊的结构

1、倒装

当条件句中有助动词should、had、were，可以省去if，而将助动词置于句首

三级真题汇编

（1）_______ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.

A. If I realized

B. Had I realized

C. Did I have realized that

D. As I realized

（2）_______, I should ask them some questions.

A. Should they come to us

B. If they come to us

C. Were they come to us

D. Had they come to us

（3）Had the weather been good, the children _______ out for a walk.

A. had gone

B. could have gone

C. would go

D. went

（4）Mary said to me, “Had I seen your bag, I _______ it to you.”

A. will return

B. must return

C. could return

D. would have returned

（5）_______ the advice of his friends, he would not have suffered such a heavy loss in his business.

A. If he took

B. If he should take

C. Were he to take

D. Had he taken

（6）I would have told him about the change of time for the class,________to class last 'tune.

A. did he come

B. he came

C. had he come

D. he had come

其他真题选编

（1）_______ before we depart the day after tomorrow , we should have a wonderful dinner party.

A. Had they arrived

B. Would they arrive

C. Were they arriving

D. Were they to arrive

（2）Had he worked harder , he _______ the exams.

17

A. must have got though

B. could get though

C. would get though

D. would have got though

2、含蓄虚拟句

without

三级真题汇编

（1）Without your help, we _______ so much.

A. didn't achieve

B. would not have achieved

C. will not achieve

D. don't achieve

（2）Without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth _______ well.

A. would not grow

B. will not grow

C. had not grown

D. would not be grown

其他真题选编

（1）Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night _______, too cold for us to live.

A. would be freezing cold

B. will be freezing coldly

C. would be frozen cold

D. can freeze coldly

（2）Without electricity human life _______ quite different today.

A. is

B. will be

C. would have been

D. would be

but for

三级真题汇编

（1）But for the rain, we _______ a nice holiday.

A. should have

B. would have had

C. would have

D. will have had

（2）But for my classmates? help, I _______ the work in time.

A. did not finish

B. could not finish

C. will not finish

D. would not have finished

其他真题选编

（1）_______ the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.(2003.6)

A. In spite of

B. In case of

C. But for

D. Because of

3、跳层虚拟句

三级真题汇编

（1）He was very busy yesterday; otherwise he _______ to the meeting.

A. would have come

B. would come

C. could come

D. had come

（2）I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _______ so busy then.

A. am

B. were

C. was

D. would be

（3）I would have joined him in a picnic, but I _______ his company.

A. will not like

B. don't like

C. had not liked

D. might not like

其他真题选编

（1）We didn?t know his telephone number ,otherwise we _______ him.

A. had telephoned

B. must have telephoned

C. would telephone

D. would have telephoned

4、混合时间虚拟句

三级真题汇编

（1）If you _______ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy.

18

A. hadn't watched

B. haven't watched

C. wouldn't have watched

D. didn't watch

其他真题选编

（1）If I hadn't stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _______ now.

A. wouldn't be smiling

B. couldn't have smiled

C. won't smile

D. didn't smile

二、从句中的虚拟

（一）宾语从句

标志词（动词）＋that+（should）＋do

标志词：ask、advise、beg、command、decide、demand、deserve、desire、determine、direct、insist、order、prefer、propose、request、require、recommend、suggest、urge

解题步骤：

1、找到标志词

2、选出动词do

三级真题汇编

1、The doctor advised that Mr. Malan _______ an operation right away so as to save his life.

A. had

B. would have

C. have

D. was going to have

2、His mother insisted that he _______ the coat when going out.

A. put on

B. puts on

C. to put

D. putting on

3、The doctor advised her that she _______ enough rest before going back to work.

A. to get

B. get

C. gets

D. got

4、I don?t think it advisable that Tom _______ to the job since he has no experience.

A. be assigned

B. is assigned

C. will be assigned

D. has been assigned

其他真题选编

1、We desire that the tour leader _______ us immediately of any change in plans.

A. inform

B. informs

C. informed

D. has informed

2、As Commander-in-chief of the armed forces , I have directed that all measures _______ for our defense.

A. had been taken

B. would be taken

C. be taken

D. to be taken

3、Mike?s uncle insists _______ in this hotel.

A. staying not

B. not to stay

C. that he would not stay

D. that he not stay

（二）主语从句

It is + 标志词（形容词或动词的过去分词）＋that+（should）＋do

标志词：appropriate、desirable、essential、important、impossible、necessary、natural、normal、urgent、vital

解题步骤：

1、找到标志词

2、选出动词do

19

三级真题汇编

1、It is necessary that we _______ have a good command of English at college.

A. must

B. have to

C. should

D. ought to

2、It is highly desirable that a new president _______ for this university.

A. is appointed

B. will be appointed

C. be appointed

D. has been appointed

3、It's urgent that a meeting _______ before the final decision is made.

A. will be arranged

B. must be arranged

C. be arranged

D. would be arranged

4、It is desirable that he _______.

A. gives up trying

B. give up trying

C. would give up trying

D. is going to give up trying

5、It's vital that enough money _______ collected to get the project started.

A. is

B. be

C. must be

D. can be

6、It's desired that she _______ to teach us at least twice a week.

A. comes

B. will come

C. come

D. may come

其他真题选编

1、It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadline.

A. must be sent

B. would be sent

C. be sent

D. were sent

2、It is recommended that the project _______ until all the preparations have been made.

A. not be started

B. will not be started

C. is not started

D. is not to be started

3、It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o?clock at night.

A. were not played

B. not to play

C. not be played

D. did not play

4、It is important that enough money _______ to fund the project.

A. be collected

B. must be collected

C. was collected

D. can be collected

5、I don't think it advisable that Tim _______ to the job since he has no experience.

A. is assigned

B. will be assigned

C. be assigned

D. has been assigned

6、It is important that the hotel receptionist _______ that guests are registered correctly.

A. has made sure

B. made sure

C. must make sure

D. make sure.

（三）同位语从句

标志词（名词）＋that+（should）＋do

标志词：advice、decision、demand、desire、order、preference、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion

解题步骤：

1、找到标志词

2、选出动词do

三级真题汇编

1、Her suggestion that everybody _______ was not appreciated.

A. sing a song

B. sang a song

C. sung a song

D. singing a song

其他真题选编

1、We are all for your proposal that the discussion ________.

A. be put off

B. was put off

C. should put off

D. is to put off

2、The suggestion that mayor _______ the prize was accepted by everyone.

20

A. would present

B. present

C. presents

D. ought to present

3、Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _______ to investigate the incident.

A. were set up

B. was set up

C. be set up

D. set up

（四）表语从句

标志词（名词）+is+ that+（should）＋do

标志词：advice、command、decision、demand、desire、order、preference、proposal、requirement、recommendation、suggestion

解题步骤：

1、找到标志词

2、选出动词do

三级真题汇编

1、The general?s command was that the soldiers _______ their fort and carry out more important tasks.

A. would leave

B. leave

C. left

D. have left

2、The doctor's advice was that the patient _______ at once.

A. to be operated

B. being operated

C. be operated

D. operated

3、My suggestion yesterday was that a meeting _______ to discuss the matter.

A. should hold

B. must be held

C. would be held

D. be held

（五）目的状语从句

in case +（should）+do

lest+（should）+do

三级真题汇编

1、I wrote it down _______ I should forget it.

A. in case

B. in case of

C. in order that

D. for fear of

2、Written applications should be sent to us in case _______ some problems with the electric version.

A. there will be

B. there is

C. there be

D. there was

其他真题选编

1、The mad man was put in the padded cell lest he _______ himself.

A. injure

B. had injured

C. injured

D. would injure

2、He was punished _______ he should make the same mistake again.

A. unless

B. provided

C. if

D. lest

3、We booked rooms at the hotel _______ we should find no vacancies on our arrival.

A. whenever

B. if

C. since

D. lest

三、其他结构

（一）wish后的宾语从句

对现状表示的愿望：过去时

对过去发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔：过去完成时

对将来发生的事情表示祝愿：过去将来时

三级真题汇编

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