LTE随机接入问题研究

更新时间:2023-09-25 20:03:01 阅读量: 综合文库 文档下载

说明:文章内容仅供预览,部分内容可能不全。下载后的文档,内容与下面显示的完全一致。下载之前请确认下面内容是否您想要的,是否完整无缺。

1.1 1.1.1

随机接入的分类

随机接入

随机接入发生的5种场景:

1、 Initial access from RRC_IDLE;

2、 Initial access after radio link failure;

3、 Handover requiring random access procedure;

4、 DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure;

5、 UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure;

LTE中, 随机接入的过程主要为了获得上行的时间同步, 与WCDMA系统有所不同, LTE中RACH信道不能携带用户数据, 用户的数据只能在PUSCH信道上传输.这样可以较好地保证RACH信道和其他的上行传输信道之间的正交性. 随机接入发生的场景主要有:

(1): UE处于RRC_CONNECTED状态,但没有取得上行同步,然而UE需要发送新的上行链路数据或者是控制信息。(如:事件触发测量报告)

(2): UE处于RRC_CONNECTED状态,但是没有取得上行同步,然而UE需要接收新的下行数据,然后在上行链路上传输ACK/NACK信息。

(3): UE处于RRC_CONNECTED状态,现在需要切换当前服务小区到另一个目标小区。 (4): 当UE由RRC_IDLE状态转移到RRC_CONNECTED状态的时候。例如:UE需要初始化接入或者是跟踪区域内的更新。 (5): 无线链路失败后需要恢复.

LTE中的随机接入分为基于竞争的随机接入和无竞争的随机接入两种形式. 所谓无竞争的随机接入, 是指UE在接入时, 使用eNodeB提供的特定前导序列和Prach资源, 这样就不会与其他的UE冲突.

以上所有的5种形式, UE都可以采用基于竞争的随机接入.

在上述(2)和(3)的场景下, UE可能进行无竞争的随机接入. 在这种情况下, eNodeB通知UE使用特定无冲突的前导序列和Prach资源来进行接入, 这样就可以避免可能发生的冲突, 减少随机接入的时间延迟, 这在切换等场景下是非常必要的.

场景(1) 和(2)的区别是在场景(1)中, eNodeB并不知道UE何时需要进行上行的数据传输, (不像下行传输, 是由eNodeB控制的), 因而无法预先通知UE所使用的无冲突前导序列. 由于不需要解决冲突, 因而无竞争的随机接入的流程相对简单.

随机接入的两种类型

– Contention based (apply to all five events);

– Non-contention based (apply to only handover and DL data arrival).

Contention based

Non-contention based

1.1.2

随机接入过程的作用

1. 获得CRNTI(小区无线网络临时识别)。用户接入网络,给用户分配CRNTI;上述场景1

空闲状态的随机接入和场景2无线链路失步情况下发起的随机接入(获得新的CRNTI)

就是为了到达这个目的。

2. 上行同步。发起随机接入的场景都有获得上行同步的需求,其中场景3~5发起的随机

接入完全是为了获得上行同步。 1.1.3

为什么随机接入过程需要竞争解决

LTE系统中区分不同终端随机接入过程的手段:

1、如果不同终端在不同时频单元发送公共preamble(前同步码),终端可以通过RA-RNTI(用于随机接入过程的用户标识)区别,就是msg2的PDCCH和PDSCH(不同资源)使用不同的RNTI进行加扰。

2、如果不同终端在同一个时频单元发送不同公共preamble,终端可以通过RAR subhead中的RAPID区别,也就是说pdcch和pdsch资源共用,通过mac pdu内容区分。

3、如果不同终端在同一个时频单元发送同一个公共preamble,上述手段都无法起作用,这时需要通过后续竞争解决来完成确认

竞争解决的重点在终端侧而不是基站侧,基站始终认为是一个用户,竞争解决是让终端确认网络侧接纳的是自己而不是其它终端。

对于非竞争随机接入,由于终端使用专用preamble的随机接入,其它用户不会用到,且网络侧知道给哪个用户分配了专用preamble,所以不会出现上面说到的冲突情况,不需要竞争解决,UE收到msg2即认为随机接入完成(Handover requiring random access

procedure(专用preamble) /DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure(专用preamble)) 1.1.4

如何解决竞争

对于基于竞争的随机接入,根据msg3中携带的内容的不同终端使用不同的方式来确认。 1)Msg3中有CRNTI mac ce

如果是Mac触发的随机接入,终端收到的pdcch用crnti加扰且包含ul grant,竞争解决成功 (Handover requiring random access procedure(公共preamble)/ UL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure)

如果随机接入由pdcch order触发,终端收到的pdcch用crnti加扰,竞争解决成功 (DL data arrival during RRC_CONNECTED requiring random access procedure)

2)Msg3中有CCCH SDU

pdcch用tempt crnti加扰,pdu中包含竞争解决单元且与msg3中的ccch sdu内容一样,竞争解决成功

(Initial access from RRC_IDLE;Initial access after radio link failure)

1.1.5 时序

随机接入的各个环节都有时间范围约束:

1、Msg1与msg2

Once the Random Access Preamble is transmitted and regardless of the possible occurrence of a measurement gap, the UE shall monitor the PDCCH for Random Access Response(s) identified by the RA-RNTI defined below, in the RA Response window which starts at the subframe that contains the end of the preamble transmission [7] plus three subframes and has length ra-ResponseWindowSize subframes.

2、Msg2与msg3

If a PDCCH with associated RA-RNTI is detected in subframe n, and the corresponding DL-SCH transport block contains a response to the transmitted preamble sequence, the UE shall, according to the information in the response, transmit an UL-SCH transport block in the first subframe n?k1, k1?6, if the UL delay field in section 6.2 is set to zero. The UE shall postpone the PUSCH transmission to the next available UL subframe if the field is set to 1.

2、Msg3与msg4

如果需要竞争解决的话,终端接收msg4受ContentionResolutionTimer限制。

终端一旦发出msg3或着进行msg3的重传,都要启动或重启ContentionResolutionTimer,在ContentionResolutionTimer超时前没有收到msg4,则认为竞争解决不成功。 1.1.6 各消息内容

Msg1:preamble(物理信道;时频资源决定RA-RANTI;preamble id标识) Msg2:pdcch(指示pdsch资源)和pdsch(携带随机接入响应) Msg2包含的mac pdu内容如下(36.321和36.213)

A MAC PDU consists of a MAC header and one or more MAC Random Access Responses (MAC RAR) and optionally padding as described in figure 6.1.5-4. The MAC header is of variable size.

A MAC PDU header consists of one or more MAC PDU subheaders; each subheader corresponding to a MAC RAR except for the Backoff Indicator subheader. If included, the Backoff Indicator subheader is only included once and is the first subheader included within the MAC PDU header.

A MAC PDU subheader consists of the three header fields E/T/RAPID (as described in figure 6.1.5-1) but for the Backoff Indicator subheader which consists of the five header field E/T/R/R/BI (as described in figure 6.1.5-2).

A MAC RAR consists of the four fields R/Timing Advance Command/UL Grant/Temporary C-RNTI (as described in figure 6.1.5-3).

Padding may occur after the last MAC RAR. Presence and length of padding is implicit based on TB size, size of MAC header and number of RARs.

ETRAPIDOct 1

Figure 6.1.5-1: E/T/RAPID MAC subheader

ETRRBIOct 1

Figure 6.1.5-2: E/T/R/R/BI MAC subheader

RTiming Advance CommandUL GrantOct 1Oct 2Oct 3Oct 4Oct 5Oct 6

Timing Advance CommandUL GrantUL GrantTemporary C-RNTITemporary C-RNTIFigure 6.1.5-3: MAC RAR

E/T/R/R/BI subheader E/T/RAPID subheader 1E/T/RAPID subheader 2...E/T/RAPID subheader nMAC headerMAC RAR 1MAC RAR 2...MAC RAR nPadding (opt)

MAC payload

Figure 6.1.5-4: Example of MAC PDU consisting of a MAC header and MAC RARs

The MAC header is of variable size and consists of the following fields:

- E: The Extension field is a flag indicating if more fields are present in the MAC header or not. The E field is set to \is set to \

- T: The Type field is a flag indicating whether the MAC subheader contains a Random Access ID or a Backoff Indicator. The T field is set to “0” to indicate the presence of a Backoff Indicator field in the subheader (BI). The T field is set to “1” to indicate the presence of a Random Access Preamble ID field in the subheader (RAPID); - R: Reserved bit, set to \

- BI: The Backoff Indicator field identifies the overload condition in the cell. The size of the BI field is 4 bits;

- RAPID: The Random Access Preamble IDentitfier field identifies the transmitted Random Access Preamble (see subclause 5.1.3). The size of the RAPID field is 6 bits.

The MAC header and subheaders are octet aligned.

The higher layers indicate the 20-bit UL Grant to the physical layer, as defined in [8]. This is referred to the Random Access Response Grant in the physical layer. The content of these 20 bits starting with the MSB and ending with the LSB are as follows:

- Hopping flag – 1 bit

- Fixed size resource block assignment – 10 bits - Truncated modulation and coding scheme – 4 bits - TPC command for scheduled PUSCH – 3 bits - UL delay – 1 bit - CQI request – 1 bit

Msg3:pusch。根据随机接入的原因不同可能是rrc连接建立请求或rrc连接重建请求或BSR或rrc连接重配完成消息。

Msg4:对于空闲态随机接入或链路失败后的随机接入有这个说法,Msg4包含RRC连接建立/重建立消息。

本文来源:https://www.bwwdw.com/article/o6nd.html

Top