2018届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第一讲细节理解题

第一讲 细节理解题

题型1 直接信息理解类 [示例] (2017·全国卷Ⅰ，A)

Pacific Science Center Guide

◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store

Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome. 21．Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A．In Building 1. B．In Building 3. C．At the Laser Dome. D．At the Denny Way entrance. [解题思路]

第一步 确定题干中的关键词

本题题干的关键词是：Where；souvenir；Pacific__Science__Center 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句 本

题

信

息

句

是

：

to__pick__up__a__wonderful__science__activity__or__souvenir__to__remember__your__visit.__The__store__is__located(位于)__upstairs__in__Building__3 尝试解答 ____B____ [答题技巧] 1．识别题干关键

特殊疑问句形式表达：以when, where, what, which, who, how等疑问词开头引出问题。 2．“定位比对”判细节

(1)从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，题干中的人名、地名、大写字母、时间、数字等都是命题首选的关键词，有利于迅速、准确地定位信息句。

(2)以关键词为线索，运用略读、跳读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关。

(3)仔细推敲，认真比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。

题型2 间接信息理解类

[示例] (2017·浙江卷，B)How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need

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a lot of rest; most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school－age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10－ to 12－year－olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV. 26．How many hours of sleep do 11－year－olds need every day? A．7 hours. C．10 hours. [解题思路]

第一步 确定题干中的关键词

本题题干的关键词是：How__many;__11－year－olds 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句

本题的信息句是：For__most__school－age__children,__ten__hours__is__ideal(理想的)． 第三步 对比信息句和选项，得出答案

根据信息句可知，对于上学年龄的孩子来说，睡眠十个小时是最理想的。11－year－olds属于school－age children。 尝试解答 ____C____ [答题技巧] 1．识别题干关键

(1)According to the author/passage... (2)The reason...，is that... (3)From...，we can learn... (4)Researchers have found that... 2．“同义互释”定选项

间接理解题答案选项的表述通常不是使用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生需对原文信息进行加工处理，然后再进一步推理鉴别，也可运用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项提前排除。 3．搞清正确选项特征

(1)关键词替换：对原句的关键词进行同义替换；

(2)词性或语态变化：对原句中关键词进行词性变化或对原句进行主被动变化； (3)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言进行简化； (4)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达。 题型3 数字计算类

[示例] (2015·四川卷，C)Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of

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B．8 hours. D．18 hours.

flowers.But，according to a new study，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.

Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as ￡172，000 a year.

The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income ￡30，000 more than the Prime Minister earns.

...

38．How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister? A．￡30，000. C．￡172，000. [解题思路]

第一步 确定题干中的关键词

本题题干的关键词是：mother;__the__Prime__Minister 第二步 根据关键词定位信息句 本

题

的

信

息

句

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B．￡142，000. D．￡202，000.

①Now,__the__new__study__has__shown__that__if__they__were__paid__for__their__parental__labours,__they__would__earn__as__much__as__￡172，000__a__year. ②

This__would__make__their__yearly__income__

￡

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，

000__more__than__the__Prime__Minister__earns. 尝试解答 ____B____ [答题技巧] 1．识别题干关键

特殊疑问句形式表达：以when, in which year, how many/much等疑问词开头引出问题。 2．“列表推算”得数据

此类问题解决的关键是要弄清各数据之间的逻辑关系，选准比较的数据，弄清单位换算关系，确定计算方法。

(1)先阅读题干，然后带着题干中的关键词去读文章。在阅读过程中，对数字、时间、年代等词进行标记，以便读完文章后进行相应的计算。

(2)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。

(3)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。 题型4 正误判断类

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[示例] (2016·四川卷，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off—if it is milked from a cow at night.

Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer. While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.

Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night. 33．Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text? A．It’s been tested on mice for ten times. B．It can make people more energetic. C．It exists in milk in great amount. D．It’s used in sleeping drugs. [解题思路]

第一步 根据关键词找出相关信息句 A

：

Those__given__night__milk,__which__contained__10__times__the__amount__of__melatonin,__were__less__active__and__less__anxious__than__those__fed__with__the__milk__collected__during__daytime...

B：Researchers__have__discovered__that“night__milk”__contains__more__melatonin(褪黑激素),__which__has__been__proven__to__help__people__feel__sleepy__and__reduce__anxiety. C：Researchers__have__discovered__that“night__milk”__contains__more__melatonin... D：...__taking__melatonin__drugs__has__been__suggested__to__those__who__are__strugglin

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g__to__fall__asleep__at__night. 第二步 对比选项与信息句，逐项击破

A项与信息句毫无关联；B项与信息句意思相反；C项范围扩大化；D项与信息句符合。 尝试解答 ____D____ [答题技巧] 1．识别题干关键

(1)Which of the following is TRUE/WRONG according to the passage? (2)Which of the following is NOT true according to...? 2．“去伪存真”辨是非

(1)速览题目所提供的四个选项。

(2)若各选项围绕同一内容展开，则要注意找出各选项之间的差别，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容。

(3)若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文，逐个找到相关句，最后确定答案。

(4)表达“绝对化”的选项一般不是正确答案。 [状元技法]

“火眼金睛”识别干扰项 解答细节理解题

1．扩缩范围：通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息中的范围、程序等加以扩大或缩小，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误的。

2．无中生有：干扰项与所阅读的文章内容没有任何联系。

3．偷梁换柱：干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的单词，但句意已发生改变。 4．张冠李戴：把文中两个不同的概念、人物或观点进行错位拼接。

,[

学生用书P44] )

A

(2017·河北石家庄高三质检)Despite being used by 1.34 billion people each year，traveling on the Tube in London can actually be quite lonely.

One citizen，however，is trying to change this.“You get on the Tube and it’s completely silent and it’s weird，” says Jonathan Dunne，who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章)with the words “Tube chat？” last month，encouraging passengers

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in London to get talking to one another.“I handed out 500 badges during rush hour in a city of 8 million，expecting most of them to be thrown away，but after about 24 hours it completely snowballed，”he says.Dunne and his “Tube chat” campaign have since been reported by media across the world，seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the U．K.，as well as countless website，newspaper and magazine appearances.

Although Dunne says he’s received mostly positive feedback，not everyone agrees with his idea.Londoner Brian Wilson responded with a campaign of his own，handing out 500 badges with the words “Don’t even think about it” on them. Michael Robinson，24，a student from London，agrees.“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work.It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you，” he says.

“People assume that I just walk up and talk to strangers, which I don’t，but it’s been a great way to meet people you would never have normally spoken to，” Dunne says.

So if you ever end up using public transport in the West, why not say hello to the person next to you？Just make sure to check for a badge first.

[解题导语] 每年乘坐伦敦地铁的乘客众多，可是人们仍然感到孤独；为此Jonathan Dunne发起了一个旨在鼓励乘客相互交谈的运动，此举引起了世界媒体的关注。尽管如此，人们对此仍有不同的态度。

1．How did Dunne encourage London passengers to talk with each other? A．By putting up posters on the Tube. B．By advocating his idea on the media. C．By offering passengers special badges. D．By starting a dialogue with passengers.

C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“who has started a worldwide dialogue after giving out badges(徽章)with the words‘Tube chat？’”可知，Dunne给乘客们分发写着“Tube chat？”的徽章来鼓励乘客聊天，故C项正确。

2．How is Dunne’s campaign getting along? A．It has caught international attention. B．It has become a worldwide campaign. C．Most passengers have refused to accept it. D．Wilson has made great efforts to promote it.

A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“‘Tube chat’campaign have since been reported by media across the world, seeing TV interviews in Sweden, Brazil and the U．K., as well as countless website, newspaper and magazine appearances”可知，Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了

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世界各种媒体的关注，故A项正确。

3．According to Michael Robinson，what should Tube passengers do? A．Hand in their feedback in time. B．Walk up and talk to strangers. C．Stop using public transport. D．Enjoy the peace quietly.

D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“Being on the Tube is the only peace and quiet some people get on their journeys to and from work. It doesn’t need to be spoiled by people coming up and chatting to you”可知，Michael Robinson认为乘伦敦地铁是人们上下班时享受安静的时刻，而不是交谈的时刻，故D项正确。

4．What can be the best title for the text? A．Tube Chat or Not

B．Lonely Travel in the London Tube C．Silence on the Tube

D．Tube Passengers Wearing Badges

A 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第二段介绍Dunne和他的“Tube chat”运动引起了世界各种媒体的关注；第三段介绍一些人持不同的观点；最后一段建议如果要跟陌生人打招呼，先看看他有没有徽章。据此可以判断，文章主要介绍了人们对于是否在伦敦地铁相互交谈持不同的观点，故A项最能概括文意。

B

(2017·贵州普通高中招生适应性考试)A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday, which ended on Thursday, according to the China National Tourism Administration. That is an increase of 7 percent compared with last year’s Spring Festival. About 374，000 trips were organized by travel agencies, a 2.5 percent increase.

The administration also reported growth from individual and high-end(高端的) travelers and said that in addition to top and coastal cities, inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets. With many Chinese now traveling abroad for Spring Festival, their choice of destinations has expanded along with their growing interest in foreign cultures and services.

“Chinese tourists are increasingly willing to experience local cultures and services, including staying in private homes, appreciating plants and watching monkeys in hot springs，” Li Xuejing, the agency’s marketing manager, said.

A Chinese tourist surnamed Guo, who was vacationing on an island in the Philippines,

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said：“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives.”

Another choice is Britain. Though the devaluation(货币贬值) of the pound is a factor, Britain’s rich history and famous education tradition have caught the eye of Chinese.

[解题导语] 本文是一篇新闻报道。国家旅游局统计，在今年春节期间去海外旅游的游客人数比去年同期有所上涨。文章分析了产生这一现象的原因。

5．How many trips were made to foreign countries during the Golden Week of this Spring Festival holiday?

A．6，150，000. C．7，000，000.

B．2，500，000. D．374，000.

A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句：“A record of 6.15 million trips was made by Chinese mainland tourists to overseas destinations during the seven-day Spring Festival holiday, which ended on Thursday, according to the China National Tourism Administration.”可知，在春节黄金周期间，中国大陆赴海外旅游的人次达到6 150 000，故A项正确。

6．What can we learn about some inland cities in Guangxi? A．They’re reported to have become important attractions. B．They’re famous for all kinds of plants and monkeys. C．They have the best hot spring in the world. D．They belong to coastal source markets.

A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“in addition to top and coastal cities, inland cities—such as those in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region—became important source markets”可知，广西壮族自治区的许多城市也成了重要的旅游地，故A项正确。

7．What would Miss Guo do on her vacation according to the text? A．Go shopping for gifts. B．Study foreign cultures. C．Relax and enjoy herself. D．Chat with her relatives.

C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“I now pay more attention to relaxation and enjoyment during the holidays instead of shopping or choosing gifts for relatives.”可知，这位郭姓游客认为现在她的旅游目的是放松和享受而不是购物或为亲人挑选礼物；据此可知，她在旅游期间会放松和享受。

8．Where does the text probably come from? A．A guide book.

C．A scientific magazine.

B．A newspaper. D．An advertisement.

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