初中英语语法之现在完成时讲解 - 练习 - 答案

★现在完成时语法讲解

1.构成

现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。 2.用法

（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：

-Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）

（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。 如：He has taught here since 1981. 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教） I haven't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。 3．结构 1）． 陈述句结构：主语＋have( has)（not）+过去分词＋其它。 have not=haven’t has not=hasn’t. 2）． 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )＋主语＋过去分词＋其它？ 3）． 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋have(has) +主语+ 过去分词＋其它？ e.g. He has already finished his homework.

He hasn’t finished his homework yet. Has he finished his homework yet?

--Yes, he has. / No, he hasn’t./ No, not yet.

4)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。

如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。 4.现在完成时的时间状语

（1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。

a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。

如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。 They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。 b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。 如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？ -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。

c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。

例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.

我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。

1

He has been there three times the last few days. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

d.用包括―现在‖在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。 例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't. 今天你见过他吗？我 没有。

How many times have you been there this year? 今年你去过那里多少次？

（2）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示―一段时间‖的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示―一段时间‖的状语连用。要用，必须改为―be（在）‖等延续性动词来表述

现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换： arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back

leave →be away fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out

finish →be over put on →wear 或be on

open →be open join →be in或 be a member of… close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy →have catch(a cold)→ have(a cold) get to know →know

begin to study→study come to work→work等 如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。

His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。 The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。

We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。 5.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：

I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） 6.几点注意事项

（1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示―去过某地（现在已经回来了）‖，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示―去某地了（说话时某人不在当地）‖，常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。

He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。

（2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有三年了。

2

（3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。

★现在完成时练习

[Exercises7]A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。 A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________? B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.

A: How long ___________ he ___________ there? B: He _____________ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.

A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.

A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place? B: He _____________ there only once.

B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。 Where is Jack? He __________ his country. John _______ England since he came back. How long _____ have _____ this village? The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.

_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times. I _____ this school since three years ago.

C）选择填空

( )1. Jim's been to the Great wall before ,__________he? (A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't ( )2. She's never been to England, _______she? (A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is

( )2.___________has Hanmei been in the library.

(A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often

( )3. How long ___he______ the library book .

(A)has, borrow (B)has ,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy ( )4. Mr Green isn't in the office , He __________to the library (A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go ( )5. Mr smith _______to Tokyo and he will be back in a week

(A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone ( )6.They_________China for two years (A)have been to (B)have been in (c)have gone to (D)have come to

3

[Exercises10]A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词 ①arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.

→ be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there(sw.为somewhere的缩写) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.

He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________. I moved to the USA last year.

I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________. I went home yesterday.

I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________. They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.

②come/go back, return → be back come/go out → be out He came out two years ago.

He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________. We return to Fuzhou yesterday.

We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.

③become → be

I became a teacher in 2000.

I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________. The river became dirty last year.

The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.

④close → be closed open → be open The shop closed two hours ago.

The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________. The door opened at six in the morning.

The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.

⑤get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw.

fall asleep/get tot sleep → be asleep

finish/end → be over marry → be married I got up two hours ago.

I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________. He left Fuzhou just now.

He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes. My grandpa died in 2002.

My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________. The meeting finished at six.

The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.

4

I got to sleep two hours ago.

I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.

They married in 1990.

They ________ _________ __________since _________.

⑥start/begin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____. The film began two minutes ago.

The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.

⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear catch/get a cold → have a cold get to know → know They borrowed it last week.

They _________ _________ it since __________ __________. I bought a pen two hours ago.

I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________. I got to know him last year.

I _________ __________ him since __________ __________. I put on my glasses three years ago.

I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.

⑧have/has gone to → have been in He has gone to Beijing.

He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.

⑨join the league/the Party/the army

→ be a league/a Party member/a soldier → be a member of the league/the Party → be in the league/the Party/the army He joined the league in 2002.

He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years. He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years. My brother joined the army two years ago.

My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________. My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years. C）选择填空

( )2.Herfather ______in1990 and her husband ______for more than five years (A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died ( )3.I have _____this nice watch for two years (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend

5

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/rjef.html