现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

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□:号2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题 考

现在完成时（I） 第八单元语法知识

:名姓 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与 不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材 137页）

1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 +其他+时间.

eg: I have already lost the key. 我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现 :在没有钥匙)

级班He has ever read that book . 他曾经看过这本书. (了解

书的内容)

They have just cleaned their hands. 他们刚刚洗过手了.

(手是干净的)

2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间.

eg: I haven’t lost the key yet.

He hasn’t ever read that book .

They haven’t just cleaned their hands. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语 :校+haven’t/hasn’t.

学 eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+

其他+时间？

eg: What have you already done? （done是do/does的过去分词）

What has he ever done? What have they just done?

（她已经学习五年英语了） 解释：一直在学，持续了五年，并且还可能持续学下去.

He has lived in Beijing since he was born . （自从他出生以后就居住在北京） 解释：从出生后就一直住在北京，持续到现在，还有可能一直住下去） Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock? （自从3点后你就一直呆在这儿吗？）

例题：选用for和since填空:

1. We haven’t seen each other ___ a long time. 2. His father has been in the factory ____ 10 years ago.

3. The film has been on ____ 20 minutes. 4. Mr. Green has worked here _____ he came to China.

5. His grandparents have been dead _____ several years. 6. It’s five years ______ we met last time.

7.I have already had dinner. （改否定句） I _______ _______ dinner _______. 8. Mum has cooked the dinner.（改否定句） Mum _______ ________ the dinner.

9. Susan has learned English at school. （改否定句） Susan________ ________English at school.

（对划线部分提问） _______ _______ ________

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

_________ _______?

11. He has just （对划线部分提问） _______ _______ _______ ________ ________?

（对划线部分提问） _______ _______ ________ ________ _______?

（对划线部分提问） _______ ________

eg: I have already seen the film. （现在完成时，已经看了这部电影，并且知道电影的内容）

I saw the film last week. （一般过去式，因为后面有表示过去的时间状语last week）

He has lived here since 1993. (现在完成时，后面有since引导的时间状语从句)

He lived here in 1993. （一般过去时，1993年住在这儿，现在没住在这儿了）

例题：1. _____ you ________(clean) the room? Yes, we__________(do) that

already.

2. When _______ you ______(do) it? We _______(do) it an hour ago.

3. ______ he ______(see) this film yet? Yes.

4. When _____ he _____(see) it? He______ it last week. 5. I _______ (read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 6. Mr. Chen _________(give)up smoking last year. 7. She _____(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes. How ____ she ____(go) there? She ____(go) there by air.

现在完成时（II） 第九单元语法知识

1. (been是be的过去分词，不规则变化) 2. 基本句型：

(1)肯定句：主语+have/has+ been+ to+地点. eg: I have been to Australia. They have been to Beijing. He has been to South Africa.

(2)否定句： 主语+haven’t/hasn’t+ been+ to+地点. eg: I haven’t been to Australia. They haven’t been to Beijing. He hasn’t been to South Africa.

(3)一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been + to+ 地点？

肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/has. 否定回答：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t. eg: Have you been to Australia? Yes, I have. No. I haven’t. Have they been to Beijing? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Has he been to South Africa? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.

（4）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主语+ been?

eg: Where have you been? Where have they been? Where has he been?

3.用法：用来表示之前已经发生和完成度的动作与状态，其结果却和现在有联系.动作和结果发生在过去，但它的影响现在还在.可以和never, ever, once, twice, three/four…times 等副词连用.

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

eg: They have been to Chongqing twice. I have never been to Sichuan. Has she ever been to Hainan?

10分钟了。 例题：1.—Where is your brother?—He __________ the shop. He’ll be back soon. 2. — _____ you ever _______ to America?—Yes, I _______ New York twice. 3. —David ___________ Australia. —I’m sure he has already arrived.

4. —Is Benny here?—No, he ______ the school library. He left five minutes ago. 4. Mike and his parents __________ the south for half a year. 6. Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop. 7. You can’t find him. He__________ Xi’an.

8. Mr. Zhang __________ this school for ten years. He knows everyone here. 9. Miss. Brown __________ China three times.

10. I __________ the West lake, Look, I have taken many photos of it . 11. Tom ___________ Jim’s home, but he hasn’t come back. 12. We ____________ the bookshop and bought many books. 13. My parents _________ Shandong for ten years.

现在完成时（III） 第十单元语法知识

动词按其动作发生的方式，发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

1.eg: learn, work, stand, lie, walk, sleep, keep, wait, watch, sing, read, stay, live… eg: He has lived here for 6 years.

（他在这儿住了六年了，一直住在这儿，live是延续性动词，并且很有可能继续居住下去）

I have known her since then.

（自从那时起我就认识她了，一直都认识，know是延续性动词）

eg: open, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy, die…

非延续性动词不能与for 和 since 引导的时间状语连用，常用的时间状语有示过去的时间.

eg: His grandmother died 10 years ago. She finished the work at 6 o’clock.

2.

eg: borrow → keep buy → have put on → wear

get to know → know get to sleep → sleep catch a cold → have a cold

eg: begin/start → be on go out → be out die → be dead open → be open get to/ arrive in（at）/reach → be in+地点

leave → be away(from) finish → be over fall ill → be ill get up → be up fall asleep → be asleep join → be in+活动/组织

go to school → be in school become → be make friends → be friends

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

close → be closed go to bed → be in bed come/ go → be + 相应的介词短语

例：下面是句子的同义句转换 eg: 1. The old man died four years ago. （一般过去时）

（现在完成时，将die变为 be

dead）

现在完成时，since跟过去的时间点)

2. I borrowed the book five days ago.

3. He bought the bike three years ago.

ago.

4. She went to school two days ago.

5. My sister became a nurse one year

one year.

year.

例题：1. Li Lei joined the Party three years ago. （同义句） Li Lei the Party three years. Li Lei the Party three years ago. 2. My father left Guizhou last week. （同义句）

My father Guizhou a week. My father Guizhou last week. 3. The factory opened in 1996. （同义句）

The factory ten years. The factory since 1996. 4. Mr. Wang reached Beijing five days ago.

Mr. Wang Beijing five days ago. Mr. Wang Beijing five days. 5. The film began ten minutes ago.

The film for .

The film since 6. She bought the new car three years ago.

She _______ ________ the new car _______ three years.

She _______ ________ the new car ________ three years ago. 7. They came to China ten years ago.

They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years.

They _____ _____ _____ China _____ ten years ago.

规则动词的过去分词和它的过去式相同,即在原形后加－ed（－d）。已学近80个不规则动词的过去分词约有半数也和它的过去式相同,分类如下,利于记忆: 1) 原形中的元音字母有变化:

get-got-got, sit –sat-sat win-won-won spit- spat- spat shine –shone- shone find- found- found hold-held-held meet- met-met stand- stood-stood understand-understood-understood feed- fed-fed hang-hung-hung 2) 原形中的辅音字母有变化:

make-made-made spill-spilt-spilt have/ has-had-had build-built-built send-sent-sent lend- lent- lent spend-spent-spent

3) 在原形后加t或d:

spoil-spoilt-spoilt learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant hear-heard-heard pay-paid-paid say-said-said lose-lost-lost lay-laid-laid

4) 原形中的元音字母和辅音字母都有变化:

feel-felt-felt smell-smelt-smelt spell-spelt –spelt keep-kept-kept sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept leave-left-left sell-sold-sold

tell-told-told catch-caught-caught teach-taught-taught buy-bought-bought bring-brought-brought think-thought-thought wear-wore-worn 5) 与原形相同:

hit-hit-hit hurt-hurt-hurt let-let-let put-put-put read-read-read set-set-set shut-shut shut cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut

还有些不规则动词的过去分词与过去式不相同,为便于记忆,也分类如下: 1)原形中的元音字母有变化:

ring-rang-rung sing-sang-sung drink-drank-drunk swim-swam-swum begin-began-begun sink-sank-sunk

2) 在原形上加－en:

eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen ride-rode-ridden write-wrote- written be-was/were-been rise-rose-risen forget-forgot-forgotten

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

3)在原形上加－n:

see-saw-seen give-gave-given drive-drove-driven take-took-taken mistake-mistook-mistaken draw-drew-drawn blow-blew-blown

grow-grew-grown know-knew-known show-showed-shown throw-threw-thrown

4)在过去式上加－n:

steal-stole-stolen break-broken–broken choose-chose-chosen speak-spoke-spoken wake-woke-woken

6) 与原行相同:come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-become 7) 原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同的:

do-did-done go-went-gone fly-flew-flown lie-lay-lain

个别动词有两个过去式和过去分词,一个为规则变化,另一个为不规则变化:

learn-learned-learned shine shined-shined smell – smelled-smelled learnt-learnt shone-shone smelt-smelt wake -waked-waked spell spelled-spelled woke-woken spelt –spelt

练习

[单项选择]

（ ）1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they ______what's happened to him. A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know （ ）2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ?

A. already B. never C. ever D. still （ ）3、Have you met Mr Li ______？

A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago （ ）4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written （ ）5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______.

A. has changed; well B. changed; good C. has changed; better D. changed; better

（ ）6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying

（ ）7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew （ ）8、Harry Potter is a very nice film. I ______ it twice.

A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see （ ）9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there?

A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone （ ）10、—______ you ___ your homework yet? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago.

A.Did; do; finished B.Have; done; finished C.Have; done; have finished D.will; do; finish （ ）11、His father ______ the club since 1988.

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in （ ）12、—Do you know her well?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago.

A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made （ ）13、—How long have you ____ here? —About seven years.

A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived （ ）14、Hurry up! The program __________ for five minutes .

A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began （ ）15、It _____ ten years since he came Chengdu.

A. is B. has C. will D. was （ ）16、Miss Green isn't in the office. She _______ to the library.

A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been （ ）17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been （ ）18、He ________ for 2 hours.

A. got up B. has got up C. has been up

（ ）19、Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had （ ）20、His grandparents ______ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university Keys:

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。 3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/―last + 一段时间‖等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。 5、C

6、现在完成时时常与―for +时间段或since +过去时间点‖连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。 7、C

8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。 10、B 11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。 12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、―have/has gone to + 地点‖表示―某人去了某地（还未回来）‖，指主语所指的人不在这儿。―have/has been in + 地点‖表示―在某地呆了多长时间‖，常与表示时间的状语连用。―have/has been to +地点‖表示―曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。‖故16的正确答案为A。 17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C 单选题练习

（ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

（ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in （ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （ ）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left （ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over （ ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught （ ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.

A. has been B. has become C. was D. became （ ）9. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned B. have been back C. returned （ ）10. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead （ ）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept （ ）12.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought B. has bought C. has had （ ）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?

---Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been （ ）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.

A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from （ ）15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take

16. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in

17. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________? A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they

18. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone

19.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone

20.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought

21. He tells me he________ China for over five years.

A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to A）用since和for填空

1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here

B）用since和for填空

1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last. 2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.

3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.

4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years. 5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

单选练习题：

A）( )1.I've been like this ever since _________

(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week

2014初二英语现在完成时语法讲解与练习题

( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _____2 years. (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since

( )3. I haven't heard from him ______last week. (A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before ( )4.His father joined the party_________ (A)for three years (B)since three years ago (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time B）

1. – Where is Mr. Liu? ----- He _______the library. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in 2. The students have cleaned the classroom , ________?

A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they 3. I like Hainan. I ________there three times. A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone

4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we ________ here for three years. A. have been to B. have been in C. have been D. have gone 5.- How long ______you_______ your dictionary? - About two months. A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought 6. He tells me he________ China for over five years.

A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to

7.________has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _______ to China?

A. How soon , comes B. How often, got C. How long , came D. How far, arrived 8. His uncle________ for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university C）

（ ）1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

（ ）2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in （ ）3.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened （ ）4.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become （ ）5.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left （ ）6.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over

（ ）7.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught （ ）8.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years.

A. has been B. has become C. was D. became （ ）9. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned B. have been back C. returned （ ）10. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead （ ）11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept （ ）12.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought B. has bought C. has had （ ）13.---How long _____ you _____ ill ?

---Two weeks.

A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been （ ）14.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.

A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from （ ）15.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take

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