初中英语现在完成时讲解

现在完成时学案

翻译这两个句子，并且观察他们的时态。

Yesterday I finished my homework. That’s to say, I have already finished my homework.

____________________________________________________________

I have lived here since 1990.

_____________________________________________________

现在完成时态

1. 用法：①过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果：强调结果

②过去已经开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态：强调继续

2. 现在完成时的构成have\has+过去分词

3. 现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句He has finished the work.

一般疑问句______________________ 两回答肯定__________ 否定__________否定句______________________ 特殊疑问句_______________________ 4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时

(1)①already已经肯定句中或句尾 e.g.: I have already found my pen.

= I have found my pen already.

②yet已经否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.

Have you bought a computer yet?

(2)两词组

have<has>gone to去了某地 e.g.：He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)

have<has>been to去过某地 e.g.：He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)

(3)两结构

for two months for +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.

since last year

since +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago.

since 3 years ago

since 1990

since he came here since +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here.

5.在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能和一段时间状语连用

He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）因buy短暂性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用。

①(去掉一段时间for 3 years) ___________________________________

② (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)He _________ the book 3 years ago.

③（用延续性动词have代替buy）He _____________ the book for 3 years.

延续性动词和短暂性动词

①延续性动词：表示的动作是能延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。

②短暂性动词：也叫非延续性动词，瞬间动词，一次性动词。

come/arrive/get to/reach → be here I have been here for 3 years.

leave/go →be away He has been away for 3 hours.

die →be dead His father has been dead for 3 years.

buy /catch → have I have had the bike for 3 years.

He has had a cold for 3 days.

borrow → keep I have kept the book for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

break → be broken marry → be married l ose → be lost

6.过去分词的变法规则变化不规则变化动词表

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