英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

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英语划分句子成分

(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.( ) We often speak English in class.( )

One-third of the students in this class are girls.( ) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.( ) Smoking does harm to the health.( ) The rich should help the poor.( )

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.( )

It is necessary to master a foreign language.( )

(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:

1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We are students.

(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后 系动词:

※以肯定的语气叙述主语状态时,要用系动词be

※表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时,系动词用look, feel, sound, taste, smell

※表示主语状态变化时,系动词用become ,get, grow, come , turn (若跟名词不加冠词) ,fall (asleep, ill, silent)等,后面大多数接形容词作表语。但become, turn亦可接名词作表语等 ※表示主语的持续时,系动词用remain, stay , keep, continue ※从印象的角度说明主语所处的状态和特征时,系动词用appear to be (常用于书面),seem (to be ) ☆

1、 其后要求接形容词,而不是副词作表语。要特别注意的是有些动词既可以作系动词,又可作实意动词的用法。遇到这种情况时,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义作出判断和选择。 2、 这类词不用进行时。 3、 系动词无被动式。

表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 例如:

Our teacher of English is an American.( ) Is it yours?( )

The weather has turned cold.( )

The speech is exciting.( )

Three times seven is twenty one?( ) His job is to teach English.( )

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.( ) The machine must be out of order.( ) Time is up. The class is over.( )

The truth is that he has never been abroad.( )

(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如: They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.( )

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.( ) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.( )

They helped the old with their housework yesterday. He pretended not to see me.( )

I enjoy listening to popular music.动名词短语)I think(that)he is fit for his office.( ) 宾语种类:

(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),要求双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的动词,直接宾语提前,动词后加to或for,现归纳如下。 ①后面加to的动词: give 给 return 把……还给…… tell 告诉 lend 借给 bring 带来 throw 扔……给…… send 寄,送 leave 留给 hand 交给 promise 许诺,答应 read 读 refuse 拒绝pass 递给

②后面加for的动词: get 得到 order 命令 make 制造,做 sing 唱歌 buy 买 pay 为……而付钱 do 做 play 演奏

(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.

(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾补,用来补足宾语意义。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。 ※宾语+名词”常用于改结构的动词有:call, name, make, find, choose, think, leave ※宾语+形容词”常见的动词有think, believe, leave, drive, make, keep, turn, wish, want ▲“宾语+副词”。 ▲“宾语+介词短语”。 ▲“宾语+不定式”。

充当宾补的不定式有三种: A 要求带to的不定式

B 要求不带to 的不定式 let, make, have,see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等,用不定式

作宾补时,要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时,还要加上to等 C 单词help后可加 to 或不加 to

▲“宾语+现在分词” see, , watch, , look at, hear, listen to, feel ▲“宾语+过去分词” ▲ 形式宾语+形容词 ▲ 宾语+what从句 ※主补:对主语的补充。 例如:

His father named him Dongming.( ) They painted their boat white.( ) Let the fresh air in.( )

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.( ) We saw her entering the room.( )

We found everything in the lab in good order.( ) We will soon make our city what your city is now.( )

(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示: Guilin is a beautiful city.( )

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.( ) There are thirty women teachers is our school.( ) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.( )

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.( ) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.( ) He is reading an article about how to learn English.( )

(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示: Light travels most quickly.( ) He has lived in the city for ten years.( )

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.( ) He is in the room making a model plane.( ) Wait a minute.( )

Once you begin, you must continue.( )

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