三维雕刻机毕业设计说明书

摘 要

电磁式交互电子白板的板体沿X、Y轴铺设了感应线圈。信号笔前端有电感线圈，使用时CPU向板体的感应线圈先发射一段时间与笔中电感线圈谐振频率相同的电磁波，使笔中的电感电容谐振起来，然后停止发送，板体的感应线圈切换到接收状态，这时，笔里的电感电容失去外在的推动力，笔中的谐振波将会产生衰减震荡，同时用板体的感应线圈接收笔所发射的衰减电磁波，由于电磁耦合，就会在板体的感应线圈上产生感应电动势。这样就在白板上显示笔所走过的路线，将白板的感应线圈分组分区域，将所得的笔的轨迹图传给检测电路进行检测，设计就是根据这个原理来进行检测白板系统是否运作正常及坏点位置的检测。

采用三维雕刻机的结构为原型进行改装，去掉主轴电机及刀具设备，由三个步进电机控制滚珠丝杠进给，滚珠丝杠与滑块相连接，Z方向移动部件固定在X轴的滑块上，而X轴方向的导轨又固定在Y轴的滑块上，实现三个坐标轴的同步运行。

关键词：电磁式交互电子白板；感应线圈；信号笔；雕刻机。

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Abstract

Electromagnetic type interactive electronic whiteboard along the X, Y axis laid induction coil. A signal pen in front of inductance coil, when using CPU to the plate body induction coil launch for a period of time and in the same pen inductance coil resonant frequency of electromagnetic wave, so that the pen in the inductor capacitor resonant, then stop sending, the board body induction coil switch to the receiving state, then, the inductance capacitance lost pen the external driving force, in the pen Xie Zhenbo will produce the damping vibration, at the same time with the plate body induction coil receives the sum of the emitted the attenuation of electromagnetic wave, due to electromagnetic coupling, will in the plate body on the induction coil generates induced electromotive force. This is displayed on the whiteboard pen whiteboard traveled route, the induction coil group area, the pen trajectory plan to pass to the detection circuit to be tested, is designed according to this principle to detect the whiteboard system is functioning properly and dead position detection.

Using three dimensional engraving machine structure for prototypes were modified, removed from the spindle motor and cutter device, composed of three stepper motor control of ball feed screw, a ball screw is connected with a slide block, Z direction component is fixed in the X axis and X axis direction of the slide block, the guide rail is fixed on the Y axis on the slider, implementation three axes simultaneous operation.

Keywords: Electromagnetic interactive electronic whiteboard; Induction coil; Signal pen; Engraving machine.

II

目 录

摘 要··························································································································Ⅰ Abstract·······················································································································Ⅱ

第1章 绪论·················································································································1 1.1 电磁式电子白板的概述··············································································1 1.2 产品的背景···································································································1 1.3 研制产品的功能及使用范围······································································3 第2章 系统分析与方案的订制·············································································4 2.1 设计参数········································································································4 2.2 总体方案选择·······························································································4 2.2.1 总体布局要求······················································································4 2.2.2 运动分配的影响·················································································5 2.2.3 工件的尺寸重量和形状的影响························································5 2.3 总体方案确定·······························································································5 第3章 机械部分·······································································································9 3.1 滚珠丝杠的计算与选择··············································································9 3.1.1 轴向载荷······························································································9 3.1.2 当量转速····························································································11 3.1.3 当量载荷····························································································12 3.1.4 预定额定动载荷················································································13 3.1.5 螺纹最大轴向变量及螺纹最小底径的确定·································13 3.1.6 初选滚珠丝杠副规格代号······························································14 3.1.7 确定滚珠丝杠副的轴承规格代号··················································14 3.1.8 滚珠丝杠的长度确定·······································································15 3.2 滚珠丝杠的校核·························································································17 3.2.1 抗压刚度····························································································17 3.2.2 丝杠支撑副的刚度···········································································18 3.2.3 滚珠丝杠滚珠与滚道的接触刚度··················································18 3.2.4 刚度验算及精度的选择·····································································19 3.2.5 验算传动系统的刚度·······································································19 3.2.6 验算临界压缩载················································································20

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3.2.7 验算临界转速····················································································20 3.2.8 轴向额定载荷的验算·······································································21 3.2.9 确定滚珠丝杠副规格代号·······························································21 3.3 步进电机的计算与选择············································································21 3.3.1 作用在丝杠上的转矩·······································································21 3.3.2 预加载荷产生的预紧力矩·······························································21 3.3.3 转动惯量····························································································212 3.3.4 回转件转动惯量················································································22 3.3.5 直线运动件的转动惯量···································································22 3.3.6 启动力矩····························································································23 3.3.7 电机的选择························································································23 3.3.8 联轴器的选择····················································································24 3.4 直线导轨的选择·························································································25 3.4.1 载荷的验算························································································26 3.4.2 寿命的验算····················································································26第4章 数控系统设计····························································································28 4.1 确定机床控制系统方案··············································································28 4.2 主要芯片配置·····························································································29

4.2.1 单片机芯片选择················································································29 4.2.2 主要特性····························································································30 4.2.3 芯片擦除····························································································32 4.2.4 RAM的选用······················································································33 4.2.5 EPROM的选用·················································································34 4.2.6 89C51存储器及I/O的扩展·····························································34 4.2.7 芯片地址分配····················································································35 4.3 键盘设计······································································································36 4.3.1 键盘定义及功能················································································36 4.4 显示器设计·································································································37 4.4.1 显示器显示方式的选用···································································37 4.4.2 显示器接口························································································37 4.5 越界报警电路·····························································································37 4.6 步进电机接口电路及驱动········································································38 结论······························································································································40

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致谢······························································································································41 参考文献······················································································································42

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