1_What is a project and why project management
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project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
SEEM 6009
Project Management
What is a project and why project management
Chuah K B
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Outline
Introduction
What is a project
Why project management
Project Characteristics
The hard & soft elements of project
management
Words of wisdom in project management Causes of project problems
Closing remarks
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Projects have come a long way The great projects of human’s early history: Pyramids, Sphinx, Great Walls, Hanging Gardens, Taj Mahal …….
The wonders of the world of engineering: the canals, the bridges, the sky scrapping towers, the modern airports ……
The advanced, cutting-edge R&D or
sophisticated human-based systems projects of today
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Three “types” of projects
“Man” projects
“Machine” projects
“Mind” projects
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Recent managing changes
Less hierarchical
Systems approach
Project oriented
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Common PM Terminology
Program (group of projects)
Project & sub-project
Work package or work segment
Task and sub-tasks
Work unit
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
What is a project?
Aprojectisagoalorientedactionrequiredtorealizeanidea,aproposal,adevelopmentorthelike
Itisaseriesofactivitiesortaskswhichaimsataspecificgoal
Aprojectistemporaryindurationandnon-repetitive
Itisundertakentoachieveaspecifiedresultoreffectwithinatimelimitandcostbudget
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Definitions of a project
A project is a specific, finite task to be accomplished(Meredith & Mantel)Project involves a single, definable purpose, end product or result, usually specified in terms of cost, schedule, and performance requirements(Nicholas)A project can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that (Kerzner) Have a specified objective to be completed within certain specifications; Have a defined start and end dates Have funding limits Consume resources (money, people, equipment)A temporary endeavourundertaken to create a unique product or service (PMI)
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
The triple constraints or
objectives of a project
Performance
ScheduleBudgetSuccessful project management is about accomplishing the performance specifications on (or
before !) the time
schedule and within the
budgeted cost
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
What is project management The project management triad contains three basic concepts that underlie professional project management
Identified points of integrative project responsibility Integrative and predictive project planning and control systems and
The project team -identifying and managing the
project team to integrate the efforts of all contributors to the project. (Archibald)
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Why Project Management
Responsive to client and environmentFast problem resolutionQuick decision makingNo sub optimizationXXXOrganizational complexityPolicy violationsLower personnel utilization
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Typical management functions Planning
Organising
Staffing
Directing
ControllingTogether, these management functions add up to one thing i.e. to get things done through other people! A project manager is expected to do all these and more! But unlike a functional manager, he has to work within the so-called project’ s triple constraints all
the time; and most importantly, his
responsibility and authority is often
ambiguous
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Efficiency
versus
Effectiveness
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Project characteristics
Specific purpose (goal & objectives)Uniqueness (risk & uncertainty)Project life cycle (finite duration)Interdependency (coordination & integration)Conflicts (problems & opportunities)
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Specific purpose
(goal/objectives)
Well-definedsetofdesiredendresults Dividedintosubtasksthatmustbeaccomplishedinordertoachievetheprojectgoal;
The subtasks require coordination and control in terms of timing, precedence, cost and performance
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Uniqueness
Every project has some elements that are unique since a project is a one-off
undertaking
The uniqueness may be in its technical
content or specifications, its location, or the people involved
Uniqueness implies that past experience, know-how may not be totally applicable
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Project life cycle
Aprojectisoftenone-off
Aprojecthasapre-determinedduration From a slow beginning, projects progress to a buildup of size, then peak, begin a decline, and finally must come to termination
Slow –Rapid –Slow
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Interdependency
Intra-projectinteractions
Inter-projectinteractions
Interaction with functional departments Interaction with external organisations
project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学
Conflicts
Competitionwithfunctionaldepartments Competitionforresourcesandpersonnel Competitionforleadershiporinfluence Individuals work for multiple bosses Temporary situation
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