1_What is a project and why project management

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

SEEM 6009

Project Management

What is a project and why project management

Chuah K B

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Outline

Introduction

What is a project

Why project management

Project Characteristics

The hard & soft elements of project

management

Words of wisdom in project management Causes of project problems

Closing remarks

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Projects have come a long way The great projects of human’s early history: Pyramids, Sphinx, Great Walls, Hanging Gardens, Taj Mahal …….

The wonders of the world of engineering: the canals, the bridges, the sky scrapping towers, the modern airports ……

The advanced, cutting-edge R&D or

sophisticated human-based systems projects of today

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Three “types” of projects

“Man” projects

“Machine” projects

“Mind” projects

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Recent managing changes

Less hierarchical

Systems approach

Project oriented

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Common PM Terminology

Program (group of projects)

Project & sub-project

Work package or work segment

Task and sub-tasks

Work unit

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

What is a project?

Aprojectisagoalorientedactionrequiredtorealizeanidea,aproposal,adevelopmentorthelike

Itisaseriesofactivitiesortaskswhichaimsataspecificgoal

Aprojectistemporaryindurationandnon-repetitive

Itisundertakentoachieveaspecifiedresultoreffectwithinatimelimitandcostbudget

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Definitions of a project

A project is a specific, finite task to be accomplished(Meredith & Mantel)Project involves a single, definable purpose, end product or result, usually specified in terms of cost, schedule, and performance requirements(Nicholas)A project can be considered to be any series of activities and tasks that (Kerzner) Have a specified objective to be completed within certain specifications; Have a defined start and end dates Have funding limits Consume resources (money, people, equipment)A temporary endeavourundertaken to create a unique product or service (PMI)

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

The triple constraints or

objectives of a project

Performance

ScheduleBudgetSuccessful project management is about accomplishing the performance specifications on (or

before !) the time

schedule and within the

budgeted cost

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

What is project management The project management triad contains three basic concepts that underlie professional project management

Identified points of integrative project responsibility Integrative and predictive project planning and control systems and

The project team -identifying and managing the

project team to integrate the efforts of all contributors to the project. (Archibald)

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Why Project Management

Responsive to client and environmentFast problem resolutionQuick decision makingNo sub optimizationXXXOrganizational complexityPolicy violationsLower personnel utilization

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Typical management functions Planning

Organising

Staffing

Directing

ControllingTogether, these management functions add up to one thing i.e. to get things done through other people! A project manager is expected to do all these and more! But unlike a functional manager, he has to work within the so-called project’ s triple constraints all

the time; and most importantly, his

responsibility and authority is often

ambiguous

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Efficiency

versus

Effectiveness

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Project characteristics

Specific purpose (goal & objectives)Uniqueness (risk & uncertainty)Project life cycle (finite duration)Interdependency (coordination & integration)Conflicts (problems & opportunities)

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Specific purpose

(goal/objectives)

Well-definedsetofdesiredendresults Dividedintosubtasksthatmustbeaccomplishedinordertoachievetheprojectgoal;

The subtasks require coordination and control in terms of timing, precedence, cost and performance

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Uniqueness

Every project has some elements that are unique since a project is a one-off

undertaking

The uniqueness may be in its technical

content or specifications, its location, or the people involved

Uniqueness implies that past experience, know-how may not be totally applicable

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Project life cycle

Aprojectisoftenone-off

Aprojecthasapre-determinedduration From a slow beginning, projects progress to a buildup of size, then peak, begin a decline, and finally must come to termination

Slow –Rapid –Slow

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Interdependency

Intra-projectinteractions

Inter-projectinteractions

Interaction with functional departments Interaction with external organisations

project management 英文版课件 香港城市大学

Conflicts

Competitionwithfunctionaldepartments Competitionforresourcesandpersonnel Competitionforleadershiporinfluence Inpiduals work for multiple bosses Temporary situation

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