牛津译林版高中英语必修五Unit2《Theenvironment》教学参考

Unit 2The environment

【美文阅读】

人类的贪婪是环境恶化的主要原因。然而，除此之外还有其他因素吗？

Is our environment being destroyed by greed?

The environment has been suffering from all forms of damage；especially in recent years global warming seems to be the main problem.Many times，environmental worsening，in the form of running out of natural resources，and air，water and land pollution，is caused by the irresponsible behavior of humans.Nations，like the United States，set themselves above the ruin and damage of the environment.However，it will be unfair to state that environmental worsening is brought about only by greed.Other factors，such as the inability of some developing countries to find other choices of survival，also play a part in contributing to environmental problem.

The state of the environment has been the concern of scientists in recent years.In the case of global warming，greed，in the sense of economic benefits of a country，actually contributes to the ruin of the environment.This is seen in the case of the United States' refusal to carry out its agreement to the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书)，where countries come together and help deal with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases.If the US agreed to it，it would mean that it has to cut back on its Gross Domestic Product(GDP)growth.

Another reason for environmental worsening is that

some developing countries have few or no other choices

to making money for their survival.For example，slash-and-burn(刀耕火种)is the cheapest way for poor farmers even though it creates a serious environmental problem.Should they not practice slash-and-burn，they may not be able to clear the land in time for agricultural activities to support themselves and their family members.For them，environment concerns are secondary as compared to their survival.

Therefore，to save the environment，everyone，be it young or old，rich or poor，should play a part in protecting the earth，as a collective effort definitely makes a big difference.

【诱思导学】

1．What are the forms of environmental worsening according to the passage?

________________________________________________________________________ 2．Why does America refuse the Kyoto Protocol?

________________________________________________________________________ 3．What causes the worsening of the environment?

________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 1.①Global warming②Running out of natural resources③Air，water and land pollution

2．Because it will damage America's economic development.

or：Because it means the US will have to cut back on its GDP growth.

3．Human being's greed and their inability to find other choices of survival.

Period ⅠPreviewing

(教师用书独具)

●教学目标

本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课中课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。

●教学地位

本文是一篇辩论，需要学生在预习过程中初步了解辩论的基本方式、流程和目的，并了解当前世界经济的发展对环境造成的影响。

(教师用书独具)

●新课导入建议

建议教师以课本第21页的图片导入新课，要求学生分组讨论四幅图片，并提出问题：What can you see from the pictures？Try to describe them and tell which of these problems are caused by nature and which are caused by man.In groups you can think of other natural disasters and people's activities that damage the environment.

●教学流程设计

导入新课。?学生阅读“美文阅读”并完成“诱思导学”(见学案第26页)。?学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。?

学生再次阅读课文(课本第22～23页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第27页)。?师生共

同讨论并统一答案。?

让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第22～23页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第27页)。

?

学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?

错误!?错误!

?

让学生根据所给出的表格进行“自我评估”(见学案第28页)。?学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。?让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第28页)。

?

错误!

(见学生用书第27页)

Ⅰ.篇章结构

4．damage 5.concerned 6.reducing7.recycling

8．8b5613cf326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fe2ws10.taxes

Ⅱ.语篇理解

阅读P22－23页课文，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案

1．What is the focus of the debate according to the passage?

A．Developing economy is the most important.

B．Preserving the environment is the most important.

C．The relationship between the environment and the economy.

2．Of all the following subjects，which is NOT wholly talked about by Lin Shuiqing?

A．Recycling，industrial waste and population.

B．Fishing，chemical waste and pollution.

C．Production，recycling and taxes.

3．We can infer that both sides agree on the point that ________.

A．people should cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy B．Recycling will help in both the fields of economy and environment

C．It is very important to reduce the amount of jobs

4．What does the sentence“People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.”mean?

A．Economic development is good for the environment.

B．Economic development is bad for the environment.

C．Economic development is not always bad for the environment.

5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing's speech?

A．Industrial waste destroyed many places and killed many plants and animals.

B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.

C．Fishes died because of more than one reasons.

【答案】 1.C 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.B

Ⅲ.课文缩写

Lin Shuiqing is a 1.________.She thinks 2.________ protection is more important.Many places have been destroyed by chemical 3.________.Many plants and animals have died.Fishing boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to 4.________ eggs.Also the world's

population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.People should cut back on 5.________，think more about 6.________ our waste，and teach people about ways of living that do not harm the environment.

Qian Liwei is a 7.________.He thinks that many factories are 8.________ about the environment and have done something to protect it.Cutting back on production to save the environment is not wise，as people are more 9.________ than fish and trees.Those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher 10.________.

【答案】 1.spokeswoman 2.environmental 3.waste 8b5613cf326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fe2y 5.production 6.recycling 7.consultant8.concerned9.important10.taxes

Ⅰ.词义搭配

1．belief A．an argument or discussion expressing different opinions

2．credit B．to treat things that have already been used so that they can be used again

3．debate C．to work in a particular way or to use or control a machine

4．duty D．ready or pleased to do sth.

5．greedy E．praise or approval

6．operate F．wanting more money，power，food，etc，than you really need.

7．recycle G．an opinion about sth.；a strong feeling that sth.is true.

8．willing H．sth.that you feel you have to do

【答案】 1.G 2.E 3.A 4.H 5.F 6.C7.B8.D

Ⅱ.短语填空

result in；cut back on；be concerned about；use up；run out；at the same time；see...as；as long as

1．As these new products are not selling well，the members of the board have decided to ________ production.

2．As his first novel was published，he ________ one of the most outstanding writers of his generation.

3．These policies ________ many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.

4．Her money has been ________ and her patience is also ________.

5．________ you can put it back in place，you can read the book.

6．The examination is so important that each of the students ________ the results.

【答案】 1.cut back on 2.was seen as 3.resulted in 8b5613cf326c1eb91a37f111f18583d049640fe2ed up；running out 5.As long as 6.is concerned

about

Ⅲ.句型背诵

1．With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.(P22)今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。

2．The waste they create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.(P22)

工厂生产造成的废物进入大气，使我们生病。

3．The world's population has_grown_by_six_times_what_it_was_in_1800.(P22)

与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。

4．It_is_clear_that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P22)

显然，你非常担心我们的环境现状。

5．Asking_around，I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.(P23)我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。

6．What_if they run out？(P25)倘若它们被用光了怎么办？

Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading

(教师用书独具)

●教学目标

(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些

单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。

(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会召开辩论会的方法和流程，并尝试以小组的形式

用英语举行辩论会的活动。

●教学地位

单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确

使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。

(教师用书独具)

●新课导入建议

教师可以通过检查上堂课所布置的作业导入课堂。

●教学流程设计

导入新课。?老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?让学

生就“互动探究”(见学案第28～33页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各

个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?

让学生再次阅读课文(课本第22～23页)以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。?

老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

?

让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第33页)。?

错误!

(见学生用书第28页)

1．debate n．& v．辩论；争论；讨论

Today's debate question is，‘The economy or the environment—must we choose？’(P22)今天的辩论问题是“经济还是环境——我们必须作出抉择吗？”

They were debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside.他们正在讨论要去山上还是去海边。

After a long debate，the bill was passed.

经过长时间的辩论，议案获得通过。

debate about/on/upon sth.争论某事

debate sth.with sb.与某人争论某事

under debate在辩论中

They debated for an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.

他们花了一个小时讨论这个计划的利与弊。

The proposal is under debate.

那个提议正在讨论中。

Have you discussed the problem with anyone?

你与其他人商量过这个问题吗？

用debate，argue，discuss的适当形式填空

①They ________ how to improve the relationship between the two countries.

②They ________ about which train to take.

③There is no good in ________ with them.

【答案】①discussed②debated③arguing

2．With_me_are Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.(P22)今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。

这是一个倒装句，主语是Ms Lin Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant。因为主语太长，为了保持句子平衡，采用了倒装形式，把介词短语with me放于句首。当主语为名词时：表示地点的介词短语或副词或一些表示动作方向的副词away，out，in，off，up，down置于句首时，谓语为be动词；lie，stand或come/go 等的句子中，句子使用全部倒装结构。

There goes the bell！Let's hurry!

铃响了！咱们快点！

Out rushed the boy when he heard the noise.

听到响声时，男孩冲了出去。

Now comes your turn.该轮到你了。

Nearby were two boats in which they had come to the lonely island.

附近是他们乘坐来到这个孤岛上的两条船。

On a hill in front of them stood an old temple.

在他们前面的小山上坐落着一座古寺。

【教师备课资源】

使用全部倒装的常见结构还有：

①当作表语的形容词、介词短语、分词提到句首时，也常使用倒装结构。

Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。 Among the goods are Christmas trees ，flowers and toys.在这些商品中，有圣诞树、花儿和玩具。

Lying on the ground was a boy aged about sixteen.

一个大约16岁的男孩躺在地上。

②由so/neither(nor)引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。

Li Mei plays the violin quite well ，and so does her sister.李梅小提琴拉得很好，她妹妹也是。

She doesn't like chemistry.Neither/Nor do I.

她不喜欢化学，我也是。

③such 和be 动词连用作表语时，也常用倒装结构。

Such was the result.结果就是这样。

Such were her words.这就是她说的话。

注意：否定意义的词hardly ，seldom ，never ，little ，nothing 等置于句首时不论主语为名词或是代词时，句子用部分倒装。如：

Never will I give up my dream for Nanjing University.

我决不会放弃去南京大学的梦想。

完成句子

①男孩子们冲了出来。

Out ________________________.

②赛跑选手们跑远了。

Away ________________________.

③门开了，史密斯先生进来了。

The door opened and in ________________.

【答案】 ①rushed the boys ②went the runners

③came Mr.Smith

3．open the floor 自由发言

Then we will open the floor for discussion.(P 22)

之后我们将自由发言讨论。

The teacher allowed us to open the floor for discussion at the meeting.老师允许我们在会议上自由讨论。

floor n ．发言权

????? have/get the floor 取得发言权take the floor 发言

ask for floor 要求发言权

He got the floor at the conference.他在会议上发言了。

The teacher took the floor after she finished her speech.

在她做完演讲之后老师发言。

【教师备课资源】

open the mind开阔思想

open one's heart把心里的话说出来

open one's eyes长见识；开眼界

When a discussion is under way，everybody is welcome to have the ________ in class.

A．floor B．time

C．chance D．right

【解析】考查固定短语have the floor。句意为“当进行讨论的时候，欢迎班上每个人都发言”。have the floor在本句中意为“有发言权”。

【答案】 A

4．large amounts of大量的(后常接不可数名词)

Factories produce large amounts of harmful chemicals.(P22)工厂排放出大量有害化学物质。

Large amounts of stress can give motivate and purpose to our life.压力大能给我们的生活提供动机和目标。

Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge last year.去年在桥上花费了许多钱。

①a large amount of大量的……

in amount(＝in all)总之；总计

the amount of... ……的数量

②amount v i.合计，总计达；相当于

amount to sth.总共达；相当于

I need a large amount of money to buy a new house.

我买新房需要一大笔钱。

Planning without any real action amounts to nothing.

只计划不行动等于什么都不做。

The total of his gains amounted to millions.

他的利润所得总额达好几百万。

【提示】“a number of＋复数名词”意为“大量的……”，作主语时，句子谓语用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，句子谓语用单数形式。

【教师备课资源】

“多”的用法小结：

???????a large number of dozens of scores of quite a few many/a good many hundreds of thousands of millions of tens of thousands of billions of ＋可数名词复数

?????much a great deal of

a large amount of large amounts of ＋不可数名词 ??

???plenty of a large quantity of large quantities of ＋可数名词复数或不可数名词

There is ________ water and the farmers can use it to irrigate their fields.

A ．a great deal

B ．a large number of

C ．a plenty of

D ．a large amount of

【解析】 a large amount of 后接不可数名词；a great deal 后应有of ；a large number of 后接可数名词复数；C 项应该是plenty of 。

【答案】 D

5．Other types of waste flow into our water ，killing_river_and_sea_life.(P 22)其他类型的废物则流入我们的水域，杀死了河海生物。

killing river and sea life 为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语，其动作常随谓语动词而产生，是一种自然结果(前面可加thus)，常常是可以预料的结果。

He was so angry that he threw the glass ，breaking it into pieces.

他如此生气以至于把杯子摔了，结果杯子摔成了碎片。

Her husband died ten years ago ，leaving her with three children to look after.

她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。

He fired ，killing one of the passers-by .

他开枪了，打死了一个路人。

Qian Xuesen ，a key leader of New China's nuclear ，missile and space programs ，passed

away ，________ our country lose one of the greatest scientists.

A ．being made

B ．made

C ．to make

D ．making

【解析】 考查现在分词的用法。此处现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的结果。

【答案】 D

6．result in 引起，导致……；以……为结局

This will result in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(P 22)

这将导致我们食用的鱼的数目越来越小。

The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.

这场事故造成两名乘客死亡。

His careless speech resulted in much argument.

他的过于草率的发言引来许多争议。

resulted from his poor preparation.

考试失败是由于他准备不充分造成的。

用result in ，result from 的适当形式填空

①His illness ________ eating bad food.

②The accident ________ the death of two passengers.

③Hard work ________ success.

④Success ________ hard work.

【答案】 ①

resulted from

②resulted in ③results in

④results from

7．The world's population has grown by six_times_what it was in 1800.(P 22)

目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长了六倍。

句中six times what it was in 1800是“倍数＋what 从句”构成的倍数表达法。 She eats twice what I eat .她的食量是我的两倍。

The factory can produce 3 times what it did five years ago.

这家工厂的产量是五年前的三倍。

倍数的其他表达法：

A ＋谓语动词＋??????

???

?倍数＋as ＋形容词/副词＋as 倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than 倍数＋the ＋名词(size/length/height...)＋of ＋B

This room is twice as large as that one.

这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。

The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江差不多是珠江的两倍长。

I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp.

我出了平常价格的五倍买这枚邮票。

一句多译

这个广场是那个的两倍大。

________________________________________________________________________

【答案】 This square is twice as large as /larger than/the size of that one.

8．cut back on 减少；削减；缩减

It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(P 22)我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买的东西的数量。

When dad lost his job ，we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.爸爸失业时，我们必须减少娱乐开销。

Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.要尽量少吃脂肪和糖分含量过

高的食品。

cut off切掉；割掉；分离；隔离(常跟from)；中断

cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过

cut away切掉；剪掉

cut down砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短

cut in插嘴；突然插入；超车

cut out切掉；删掉；剪下；裁剪

cut up切碎；使丧气；使痛心

用cut短语填空

①园丁从树上砍下一根树枝。

The gardener ________ a branch from the tree.

②他把树砍倒，并把它劈成烧火用的小块。

He ________ the tree and cut it up for firewood.

③我经常从报纸上剪有用的文章。

I often ________ useful articles from newspapers.

【答案】①cut off②cut down③cut out

9．see... as...把……看作……

As a business development consultant，I'm often seen as being against the environment.(P23)作为一名经济发展顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。

He sees me as his sister.他把我看做是他的妹妹。

Her colleagues see her as a future president.

她的同事将她视为以后的会长。

表示“把……看作……”的结构还有：

treat...as...consider...as...

regard...as...think of...as...

view...as...accept...as...

take...as...

I decided to treat his remarks as a joke.

我决定把他的话当玩笑。

He regards me as one of his family.

他把我当成家人一样对待。

He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his character was ________ its best when he worked with others.

A．thought as B．looked as

C．treated of as D．seen as

【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在与别人共事时，他证明了自己是真正的绅士，

同时他的人性美也得到了充分的展示。see...as...意为“把……看做……”，符合题意。A选项应为thought of as；B选项应为looked on as；C选项应为treated as。

【答案】 D

10．responsibility n．责任；职责

They think of greedy businessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.(P23)

他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。

Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.

我们的公司实行共同责任制。

It's my responsibility to lock the doors.

我负责锁门。

①a sense of responsibility责任感

responsibility to/towards对……的职责

have/take responsibility for对……负责

throw responsibility on sb.把责任推给某人

②responsible adj.负有责任的；负责的

be responsible for对……负责

Don't worry.If anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it.没关系，出了问题我承担责任。

The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility.一家之父应有更多的责任感。

完成句子

①My husband ________________________________________________________________________(负责组织)

the trip.

②Parents________________________(对……负责任)their children's safety.

③It's________________________________(他的责任感)that saved all the people's lives.

【答案】①took responsibility for organizing/was responsible for organizing②are responsible for/take responsibility for③his sense of responsibility

11．belief n．看法；信念；信任；信仰

People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.(P23)人们通常的看法是发展对环境有害，但这不一定就是真的。

My father hadn't much belief in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.我父亲不太相信中医。

Her belief in God remained strong.

她对上帝的信仰坚定如初。

beyond belief难以置信的；不可思议的

in the belief that...相信……

belief in sth./sb.对某事物/某人有信心

It's my belief that...我相信……

believe in信任

I find his behavior beyond belief.

我发觉他的所作所为到了令人难以置信的地步。

He came to me in the belief that I could help him.

他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。

完成句子

①我相信他是对的。

____________ he is right.

②他相信她会借钱给他，所以上她家拜访。

He called at her house ____________ she would lend him the money.

③对政府的不满已经达到令人难以置信的程度。

Dissatisfaction with the government has grown ____________.

【答案】①It's my belief that/My belief is that②in the belief that③beyond belief 12．operate vt.& vi.经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术

The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(P23) 这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。

The doctors decided to operate on her immediately.

医生决定马上给她动手术。

This company is operating a new economic policy.

这个公司正在实行一项新的经济政策。

①operate on sb.给某人动手术

②operation n．手术；运转；实施

perform an operation on sb.为某人做手术

come into operation开始运转；实施起来

put...into operation使运转；使实施

in operation工作中；实施中

Is this rule in operation？这条规则还有效吗？

We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.

我们得给他的眼睛动手术。

完成句子

①这台电梯运转不正常。

The lift ____________.

②这个法律什么时候生效？

When does the law ____________？

③这机器正在运转中。

The machine is ____________.

④这法律已经实施了。

The law has ____________.

【答案】①doesn't operate properly②come into operation③in operation④been put into operation

13．quantity n．数量

Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.(P23)林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。

What quantity do you require?

你要求多大的数量？

in large quantities＝in quantity大量地；很多

a large/great/huge quantity of

＝large/huge quantities of许多的；大量的

This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.

此药大量服用会有害的。

A large quantity of books was stored in the library near the playground.

大量的书被保存在操场附近的图书馆里。

Quantities of water in the lake were polluted by the factory producing kinds of cloth.

那个湖里大量的水被制造各种布匹的工厂污染了。

【提示】a．..quantity of和quantities of在句中作定语，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。

“a...quantity of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

“quantities of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。

The boss of the firm says large quantities of food ________ for the winter.

A．has stored B．has been stored

C．have stored D．have been stored

【解析】quantities of短语作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。所以D项正确。句意：那个公司的老板说已经为冬季储存了大量的粮食。

【答案】 D

14．However，I do_agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled...(P23)然而，我非常赞同我们应该从再利用的材料中生产出更多东西……

“do/does/did＋动词原形”用在肯定句及祈使句中表示强调。

You do look beautiful today!

你今天真的很美！

We did witness a UFO when climbing the mountains.

我们爬山的时候，真的看见了一个不明飞行物。

翻译句子

①他确实显得很疲倦。

________________________________________________________________________

②她确实写信向你道谢了。

________________________________________________________________________

③千万要忍耐！

________________________________________________________________________

④他们昨天的确来了。

________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①He does look tired.②She did write to say thank you.③Do be patient！

④They did come yesterday.

15．use up/run out(of)用完；用光；耗尽

The number of people in the world keeps growing，and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.(P25)世界的人口在不断地增长，并且我们正在制造更多的垃圾，用光了更多的原材料。

What if they run out？(P25)

倘若它们被用光了怎么办？

He has run out of/has used up all his savings.

他已花光了自己所有的积蓄。

We thought it would be best to go home before our money ran out/was used up.

我们认为趁我们的钱还没花完最好回家。

Many hospitals are running out of money.

许多医院都快没有资金了。

根据汉语提示完成下列句子

①The earth's resources ____________(正要耗尽)at an alarming rate.

②I need your help，for I __________(已经把钱用完了)．

【答案】①are being used up/are running out

②have run out of my money/have used up my money

16．What_if they run out？(P25)

如果它们用完了怎么办？

what if为连词词组，表示“如果……怎么办”或“即使……又有什么关系”，位于句首，引导条件句。句中可以用直陈语气，也可用虚拟语气。what if 可看成是what would sb.do if...，what would happen if...或what does it matter if...的省略。

What if it rains when we can't get under shelter?

假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？

What if the rumor is true？万一谣传真有其事呢？

What if he gets angry？如果他生气该怎么办？

【教师备课资源】

与what相关的常用短语句型有：

What about...？……怎么样？

Guess what！猜猜发生了什么事！

What(...)for？为什么？(某物)有何用？

(and)what's more而且，更有甚者

what's what事情的真相

what is called 所谓

So what？那又怎么样？

What of it？那又有什么关系？

Now what？/What now？下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？

What though...？即使……又有什么关系？

翻译句子

①如果这是真的又该如何呢？

________________________________________________________________________

②如果他不同意该怎么办呢？

________________________________________________________________________

③如果他现在回来怎么办？

________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】①What if it is true？②What if he doesn't agree？③What if he comes back

now?

17．as long as只要

My dad says he doesn't mind a little bit of pollution，as long as it means people have jobs.(P25)

你父亲说只要人们有工作他不介意有一些污染。

As long as you don't betray me，I'll do whatever you ask me to.只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。

As long as you drive carefully，you will be very safe.

只要你开车小心，你就会很安全。

As long as you study hard，you will have good grades.只要你努力学习，你就会有好的成绩。

As long as you have a good time，I will do whatever you ask me to.只要你玩得开心，要我做什么我都愿意。

My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.

A．even though B．as soon as

C．as long as D．as though

【解析】根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，as long as只要，选C。even though 引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”；as though引导方式状语从句，意为“仿佛，好像”。

【答案】 C

Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage

(教师用书独具)

●教学目标

(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。

(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。

(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。

●教学地位

语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。

(教师用书独具)

●新课导入建议

建议教师准备适量的含v.-ing的句子为学生呈现，让学生观察思考v.-ing在句中充当何种成分(定语、状语、补语、表语等)。

●教学流程设计

导入新课。?老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?

错误!? 让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分

(见学案第36～37页)

并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。

?

老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握本单元语法知识。

?让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第37页)

。?错误

!

(见学生用书第34页)

1．The state of our parks is very shocking ，with_rubbish_everywhere.(P 29)

我们公园到处都是垃圾的情形令人非常震惊。

句中with rubbish everywhere

是with 的复合结构，在句中作状语。

The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand .老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。

I am not used to sleeping with windows open .

我不习惯开着窗户睡觉。

with 的复合结构常见方式：

with ＋宾语＋??????? 介词短语形容词/副词(强调宾语的特性或状态)过去分词(宾语是过去分词动作的承受

者，动作已经发生)

现在分词(宾语是现在分词动作的执行

者，动作正在进行)不定式(不定式动作尚未发生)

He lay there thinking ，with his head on his arms .

他躺在那儿，头枕着胳膊，想着什么。(作伴随状语)

With the meeting over，they left the meeting room.

随着会议结束，他们离开了会议室。(作时间状语)

用with的复合结构完成句子

①他没锁门就离开了家。

He left the house ____________.

②你站在这里，我不能工作。

____________，I can't work.

③买好所需的东西后，母亲回家了。

____________，mother went home.

④她有许多作业要做，所以不跟我出去。

____________，she refused to go out with me.

【答案】①with the door unlocked②With you standing here③With everything needed bought④With much homework to do

2．pick up 捡起；拾起

However，now I just find it tiring，because I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit.(P29)

然而，现在我发现去公园很令人疲惫，因为我必须要把我要坐的地方的垃圾捡起来。

I picked up your book by mistake.

我拿错了你的书。

I would have picked it up if I had noticed it.

我如果看见的话，我早就把它捡起来了。

pick off摘下来

pick out挑选，选出；辨认出；领会，理解

The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.

公共汽车在机场外接乘客。

Her health picked up after a few days' rest.

休息了几天，她的身体复原了。

See if you can pick up anything about their future plans.你看能不能打听到他们未来计划的消息。

①Sam ________ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.

A．brought up B．looked up

C．picked up D．set up

【解析】句意：萨姆只通过观察别人用电脑就学会了一些电脑知识。bring up提出，养育；look up向上看，好转，查询；pick up自然而然或无意中学会；set up建立。根据题

意，故选C 。

【答案】 C

②—I heard Back Street Boys would sing at the New Theatre.

—Where did you ________？

A ．pick that up

B ．put that up

C ．make that up

D ．take that up

【解析】 句意：“我听说后街男孩要在新剧院里演唱。”“你在哪里听说的？”pick up 捡起，听说，恢复生机；put up 举起，张贴；make up 编造，弥补；take up 从事，拿起，占据。故选A 。

【答案】 A

3．clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

I am sad that the young people of today do not clean up after themselves before they leave the park.(P 29)

令我感到伤心的是现在的年轻人离开公园前不去清理自己留下的垃圾。

It's your turn to clean the classroom up .

该轮到你们打扫教室了。

Let's clean up the broken glass immediately before someone walks on it.趁人还没踩上这些碎玻璃，我们赶紧把它们清除干净吧。

People in Taiwan and mainland must try hard to understand each other ，and ________

misunderstanding.

A ．clear up

B ．take up

C ．look up

D ．clean up

【解析】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：台湾人民和大陆人民之间必须尽最大努力相互理解，消除误解。clear up “收拾；(天气)变晴；消除(误会等)”；take up “拿起；占据；从事”；look up “查寻”；clean up “打扫，整理”。故选A 。

【答案】 A

4．shame n ．可耻的人或事；羞耻，羞愧

It would be a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there.(P 29)如果它们是因为人类在那儿的活动而遭受破坏，那真是一件遗憾的事情。

It's a shame to treat animals like that.

那样对待动物真是太过分了。

He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty.

他毫无羞耻之心，而且从不觉得内疚。

①to one's shame 令某人感到羞愧的是

feel shame at...因……而感到羞愧

What a shame ！＝What a pity ！真遗憾！真可惜！

It's a shame ????

??that...to do...(做)某事真可惜/遗憾 shameful adj .(行为)可耻的；丢脸的

shameless adj .无耻的；不知羞耻的

②ashamed adj .羞愧的(只作表语)

be ashamed of 因……感到羞耻

be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强

What a shame that I failed in the midterm examinations！我期中考试不及格，真是遗憾！

Are you not ashamed of your shameful behavior?

你不以你的可耻的行为而感到羞愧吗？

用shame，ashamed，shameful填空

①He was ________ to admit his guilt.

②But all these attempts ended in ________ defeat.

③What a ________ for you to cheat others!

【答案】①ashamed②shameful③shame

5．arrest vt.& n．逮捕；拘捕

Two people were arrested yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.(P29)昨天有两人在巴黎一个机场被捕，因为他们非法从南美携带动物进入欧洲。

They immediately reported him and had him arrested.

他们当即告发了他，当场把他抓了起来。

arrest sb.for...因……而逮捕某人

get arrested遭逮捕

be put under arrest被逮捕

He was arrested for the illegal sale of gun.

他因非法贩卖枪支而被捕。

He got arrested for robbery.他因抢劫而被捕。

With the help of the old man the criminals were put under arrest.

在那位老人的帮助下，这些犯罪分子均被逮捕。

The film star got ________ for possession of illegal drugs.

A．arresting B．arrested

C．to arrest D．arrest

【解析】考查get done结构。句子主语和arrest之间是被动关系，get arrested被逮捕。句意：这位电影明星因私藏非法毒品而被逮捕。

【答案】 B

6．On_taking_off his jacket，they found a tortoise.(P29)一脱掉他的夹克，他们就发现一只乌龟。

on/upon(doing)sth.是固定结构，意为“一……就……”。

On seeing the damage he had done，the child felt ashamed.

一看到自己造成的损坏，这个小孩就感到惭愧。

On his arrival at the airport，he called a taxi.

＝On arriving at the airport，he called a taxi.

他一到飞机场就叫了计程车。

Upon finishing his work，he fell sick with tiredness.

工作一做完，他就累倒了。

“一……就……”其他表达法：

as soon as

at＋名词

immediately/instantly/directly＋从句

the moment/the minute/the instant＋从句

hardly...when/no sooner...than...

They set off at first light.他们天一亮就出发了。

As soon as/Immediately they saw us they ran.

＝Hardly had they seen us when they ran.

他们一看到我们就逃跑。

【提示】Hardly...when...，No sooner...than...句子中主句常把had倒装到主语之前，即Hardly had...when...，No sooner had...than...。

—Did you remember to give Jenny the money?

—Yes.________ I saw her，I'm sure.

A．So long as B．So far as

C．The moment D．Any time

【解析】the moment一……就；so long as只要；so far as就……而言；any time任何时候。

【答案】 C

7．I liked_it_when you told that joke.(P31)

我喜欢你讲那个笑话。

本句中like后加形式宾语it，再加when引导的从句作真正的宾语从句。

She won't like it if you arrive late.

她不喜欢你迟到。

He hates it when people use his bike.

他讨厌别人用他的自行车。

enjoy，like，dislike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情绪的动词后接if从句或when从句时，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。

We really appreciate it when she offered to help.

她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。

I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.

要是我不必做那么多工作，就太好了。

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