中考英语语法 整个初中三年英语重点句法

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中考英语语法 整个初中三年英语重点句法

正误辨析 

［误］ The stories in that book was written many years ago  ［正］ The stories in that book were written many years ago.  ［析］作主语的名词、代词或不定式、动名词，它们往往要带有修饰词，这些词可能是形容词，也可能是短语，但谓语动词还是要取决于这个主语的数，要记住的是一个名词不可能在同一句中作两个不同的语法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介词宾语则不可能再作主语了。

［误］ To read many books are good for you 

［正］ To read many books is good for you 

［析］ 不定式作主语应该看作单数主语。 

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［误］ What he said are right 

［正］ What he said is right 

［析］ 从句作主语一定要按单数主语看待。 

［正］ The rich is not always happy 

［误］ The rich are not always happy 

［析］ 形容词＋定冠词表示一类人，谓语动词应用复数，如： The young are very interested in study and sports

［误］ The school master and writer are coming 

［正］ The school master and writer is coming 

［析］ 本句应译为：校长兼作家就要来了。而 The school master

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and the writer are coming 则要译为：校长和一个作家要来了。在英语表达法中确实有 The girl and boy are playing on the grass 这应译为：一个女孩，一个男孩在操场上玩。因为不可能这样两个概念作用在一个人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。

［误］ You or she go to get some water for us 

［正］ You or she goes to get some water for us 

［析］ 由 or 连接的两个主语应以离谓语动词近的那一个计算其数。这样的用法还有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人称作"就近原则"。 ［误］ The teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom

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［正］ The teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom

［析］ 真正的主语是 the teacher， 而 with 短语是伴随状态，不影响主语的数。

［误］ My glasses is broken 

［正］ My glasses are broken 

［误］ This pair of glasses are good 

［正］ This pair of glasses is good 

［误］ These kinds of butter is good.

［正］ These kinds of butter are good

［析］ 英语中有些名词只有复数形式，如： glasses 眼镜， shorts

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短裤等。如没有量词在前时，要用复数谓语动词，但有了量词之后则要按量词的单复数计算。

［误］ One of the boys are going to take part in the match  ［正］ One of the boys is going to take part in the match  ［析］ One of 结构应以 one 来计算主语的数。 

［误］ Half of the work are done 

［正］ Half of the work is done 

［误］ Half of the books is read 

［正］ Half of the books are read 

［析］ 在小于1的数量词作主语时，如： ２ ３ ，８０％，０．３５… ＋ of ＋名词，这时主语的数

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应按 of 后面的名词计算。如果名词是不可数名词或可数名词单数，则谓语动词要用单数，如名词是复数则要用复数谓语动词。

［误］ Each sides are full of trees 

［正］ Each side is full of trees 

［误］ Both side is full of trees 

［正］ Both sides are full of trees 

［析］ each， either 其后都要加单数名词，而 both 后要加复数名词。 如： each， either， another， little， a little， much等作主语时，谓语动词全部要用单数形式。

［误］ The boys each has an apple 

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［正］ The boys each have an apple 

［析］ each 作同位语时，不影响句子的主语。

［误］ Everyone of us has a ticket for the concert 

［正］ Every one of us has a ticket for the concert  ［析］ everyone， someone， everybody … 在作主语时都不能加 of 结构。

［误］ Girls like dancing very much， but few likes playing football 

［正］ Girls like dancing very much， but few like playing football

［析］ few 虽然含意上是"几乎没有"，但作主语时仍要当作复数。

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［误］ The number of the workers in that factory are two hundred

［正］ The number of the workers in that factory is two hundred

［析］ the number of 意为：某某的数字是…… 如： the number of students 学生人数， the number of players 运动员人数。不论数字如何都应看作单数。而 a number of 与 many 意思相同，其后加可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如： A number of students are playing on the grass

［误］ The rest of the students is here 

［正］ The rest of the students are here 

［误］ The rest of the work are done 

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［正］ The rest of the work is done 

［析］ the rest of 的用法与２／３，一半，８０％＋ of 的结构一致， of 后面为可数名词复数时用复数谓语动词，为不可数名词或可数名词单数时用单数谓语动词。这样用法还有 lots of， a lot of， plenty of。

［误］ The news in today's newspaper are not bad  ［正］ The news in today's newspaper is not bad 

［析］ 有些以 s 结尾的名词要用作不可数名词，它们是：news， physics， mathematics， thanks， …

［误］ The Chinese is kind and friendly 

［正］ The Chinese are kind and friendly 

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［析］ Chinese 作为中文来讲是单数名词，但作为中国人讲是单复同形的名词。如： one Chinese， two Chinese … 而 The Chinese ＝ The people of China 要用复数谓语动词。

［误］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars are a big sum for me

［正］ This dictionary is too expensive for me Ten dollars is a big sum for me

［析］ 表示一段时间，一笔金钱，一段距离，都应看作单数名词。

［误］ Who are going to take part in our football match?  ［正］ Who is going to take part in our football match? 

［析］ 用 who 提问时，习惯上用单数谓语动词，但 which 则要视

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其情况而定，如： which are better these shoeses or those shoes? 又如： which is better this one or that one?

［误］ What a hot weather it is! 

［误］ How hot the weather it is! 

［正］ What hot weather it is! 

［正］ How hot the weather is! 

［析］ 感叹句是用来表达说话人的喜怒哀乐的感情。它由 what 与 how 作句子的开始，判定是用 what 还是用 how 的最好办法是将它们换为陈述句，比如： What the hot weather it is! 应转换为： It is the hot weather 那么句子的起点是单词 it。 再来看感叹句中 it 前有不可数名词 weather， 则只能用 what。再看第二句 How hot the

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weather is! 转为陈述句时为： The weather is hot这时句子的开始单词为 the weather， 再来看感叹句在 the weather 前只有形容词，所以应用 how。至于是用 what a 还是 what 要看名词的具体情况而定，单数可数名词加 what a 其余的加用 what。

［误］ We have to sing this， have we? 

［误］ We have to sing this， haven't we? 

［正］ We have to sing this, don't we?

［析］ 在反意疑问句中除了标准的一些常规外，有一些例外： Let's go home， shall we? Let us go home， will you? She had to leave， didn't she?

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Do your homework at once， will you?

There is not much good news in today's newspaper， is there? Neither of them are right， are they?

I think he will come to the party won't he?

think 后的宾语从句，与其他宾语从句不一样，在初中只有这样一个较特殊的词。这样的句子的反意疑问句的主语要用宾语从句中的主语，其助动词要用宾语从句的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句谓语动词而定，如： I don't think he is coming to our party， is he?

［误］ I want to know where does he live 

［正］ I want to know where he lives 

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［析］ 宾语从句中一律要用陈述语序，而不用疑问语序。

［误］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match - Nor I have 

［正］ - I haven't got a ticket for the football match

- Nor (Neither) have I  ［析］ nor， neither 用在简答否定句中时要采用倒装语序。在肯定句的简答句中则要用so， 如： I do my homework very quickly， So does Mary

［误］ Look! Here the bus comes! 

［正］ Look! Here comes the bus! 

［误］ Look! Here comes he!  ［正］ Look! Here he comes 

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［析］ 在 there， here 打头的句子中，如果主语是名词，则要采用倒装语序；如果是人称代词则用一般语序。

［误］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us?

No， I don't hope so  ［正］ Do you want Mary to go to the cinema with us? No， I hope not 

［析］ 我不这样想，可用 I don't think so 但 hope 的否定简答句只能用 I hope not这是习惯用法。但这两个词的肯定简答句形是一样的，如： I think so. I hope so

［误］ That is difficult for us to learn English well  ［正］ It is difficult for us to learn English well 

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［析］ It 这里的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是后面的不定式。形式主语和形式宾语都要用 it 而不能用 that， 如： I think it difficult to learn English well it 在这句中是 think 的形式宾语。

（三） 例题解析 

1 There ＿＿＿ a pencilbox on the desk．

A .is B. are C. has D. have

［答案］ A.

［析］ There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk

2 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ?

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A Mrs King where lives B where does Mrs King live  C where Mrs King lives D Mrs King lives where ［答案］ C.

［析］ 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。

3 Your brother came to see you， ＿＿＿ ?

A does he

B doesn't he C did he D didn't he 

［答案］ D.

［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didn't he 4 It's getting cloudy， ＿＿＿ ?

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A does' it B doesn't it C is it D isn't it ［答案］ D.

［析］ 要区分's 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出's 是is。

5 ＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long．

A Not B Won't C Don't D Not to

［答案］ C.

［析］ Don't ＋ 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。

6 Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ?

A has he B hasn't he C did he D didn't he ［答案］ A.

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［析］ 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。

7 You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ?

A have you B haven't you C do you D don't you  ［答案］ D.

［析］ 这里的 have 是实意动词"吃"，而不是助动词。 8 ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk． A How a B How C What a D What

［答案］ C.

［析］ 这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!

9 - Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ? - Sure She's a nurse

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A where is your sister B where your sister is  C what is your sister D what your sister is ［答案］ D.

［析］ who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith 或 He is my father What 问的是职业，如： What is he? He is a teacher 10 John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ?

A does he B doesn't he C doesn't John D does Johe ［答案］ B.

［析］ 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。

11 Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team．

A are B were C am D is

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［答案］ C.

［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。

12 ＿＿＿ delicious food! I'd like some more．

A what a B How a C What D How

［答案］ C.

［析］ 因 food 为不可数名词。

13 ＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair?

A Are B Is C Has D Have

［答案］ B.

［析］ 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。

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