新标准大学英语 - 视听说教程3原文及翻译

Unit 1

Inside View Conversation 1

Janet: Hi, it‘s me again, Janet Li. I‘m still a student at the University of Oxford in England. But

I‘m not in Oxford right now. And I haven‘t gone back home to China either. It‘s the long vacation now, and believe it or not, it‘s the middle of summer. I‘m spending my summer in one of the world‘s greatest cities. I‘m in London, home to the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, Tower Bridge…and the double-decker bus. I want to find out what it‘s like to live in this busy, lively city. So I‘m working for London Time Off, a website about what‘s on in London. This is Joe…, he‘s my boss, and this is Andy, who is a reporter. And what‘s my job? Well, I don‘t know yet, because it‘s my first day. But I‘m meant to be shadowing Andy, oh, what I mean is, I‘m going to be helping him. So can you tell me something about London, Andy?

Andy: It‘s the greatest city in the world. . Joe: Except for New York!

Andy: New York? Don‘t make me laugh! Joe: And your point is…?

Andy: Look, if you want my opinion, London is greater than New York… Joe: No, I don‘t want your opinion, thank you very much. It‘s a fact. Andy: A fact! Are you serious?

\\Janet: And here we are in London, probably the greatest city in the world. Andy: What? Probably? Excuse me, I prefer to deal with this myself… Joe: Ah, dream on, Andy………

珍妮特：嗨，又是我，珍妮特.李。我目前还是一位英国牛津大学的学生，但我现在不在牛津，也还没有回中国的家。现在在放长假，而且不管你信不信，现在是夏天的中期。我现在正在世界上最棒的城市之一里度过我的夏天。我在伦敦，它是英国国会大厦、大本钟、塔桥?和双层巴士的故乡。我想知道住在如此热闹和生气勃勃的城市里是什么感觉。所以，我现在在为伦敦下班网效劳。它是一个报道伦敦时事的网站。这是乔，他是我的老板，而他是安迪，一位记者。我的工作是什么呢？这个我也不知道，因为今天是我的第一天，但我会注定跟随着安迪。喔，我的意思是，我将会协助他。那么安迪，你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事情吗？ 安 迪： 伦敦是世界上最棒的城市。 乔 ： 除了纽约以外！ 安 迪： 纽约？别逗我笑了！ 乔 ： 那你的观点是… ?

安 迪： 注意，如果你真的需要我的观点，伦敦确实比纽约棒… 乔 ： 不，我不需要你的观点，非常感谢！这是事实！ 安 迪： 事实！你是当真的吗？

珍妮特：我们现在在伦敦，或许是世界上最棒的城市。 安 迪： 什么？或许？对不起，我宁可自己处理这个… 乔 ： 啊，安迪，继续做你的美梦吧...

Conversation 2

Janet：So when did you start working at London Time Off? Andy: About a year ago.

Janet: And I hope you don‘t mind my asking ,but do you like working here?

Andy: Yes, I love it. I mean, Joe and I get along quite well. He drives me crazy sometimes,

because he‘s my boss, and I wish I earned a bit more money, but…I think my job is really cool, because I get to see everything that‘s happening in London. And I didn‘t want to join the rat race.

Janet: What do you mean by the rat race?

Andy: You know, doing the same thing day in day out, and not doing anything creative, or having

any time to enjoy life. It‘s the last thing I want to do. Janet: So do you mind telling me what you do exactly?

Andy: Basically, we check out new events on the London music scene, you know, new clubs, the

latest plays and films, as well as exhibitions in galleries and museums. Then we go and film interviews with the musicians or the actors, or anyone who has anything to do with the event.

Janet: Ok, then what happens?

Andy: We edit the interviews, and then we upload it all onto the website. We get 200,000 hits a

week. We‘re London‘s biggest listings site. Janet: Can I ask you something else? Andy: Fire away.

Janet: What are we going to do now?

Andy: I need to go back to my flat, and get my research. Then we‘ve got an interview to do. Let‘s

get the tube back to my place. Janet: And what about Joe?

Andy: Well, he‘s supposed to be on his way to the National Theatre, to do an interview with the

director of a new play. But I kind of hope he gets lost on the way. Then he‘ll discover what a great place London is. Janet: I don‘t understand.

Andy: I‘m joking! Come on, let‘s go!

珍妮特：那么你是什么开始在伦敦下班网上班的呢？ 安 迪： 大约一年前。

珍妮特：我希望你不要介意我的发问，你喜欢在这里工作吗？

安 迪： 是，我非常喜欢。我的意思是，乔跟我相处得挺好的。虽然有时我快被他搞疯了，

因为他是我的老板，而且我又希望能多赚点钱，但…我认为我的工作是十分有趣的，因为我能够看到伦敦正在发生的事情。再说，我不愿意自己处在商业中无意义的竞争里。

珍妮特：你说的商业中无意义的竞争是什么意思？ 安 迪： 你知道，日复一日地做着同样的事情并且不做任何有创意的事或拥有任何可以享受

生活的时间。这是我最不想做的事情。

珍妮特：那你介意告诉我你具体都做些什么吗？

安 迪： 基本上，除了新的俱乐部、最新的戏剧和电影，还有美术馆和博物馆里的展览，你

知道，我们会关注伦敦乐坛的新动向。然后，我们去采访音乐家或演员或任何与此事件有关的人并将此采访的内容录下来。

珍妮特：好的，那接下来呢？ 安 迪： 我们编辑这些采访然后将它们全部都上传到网站上。我们一周就取得了二十万个网

路点击数。我们是伦敦最大的数据站点。

珍妮特：我能问你其他事情吗？ 安 迪： 尽管问吧。

珍妮特：我们现在要做什么？

安 迪： 我需要回到我的公寓去拿我的研究调查。然后，我们得去做个采访。让我们乘地铁

到我家去吧。

珍妮特：那乔怎么办？

安 迪： 他现在应该在去国家剧院的路上。他要去给一位新戏剧的导演做个采访。但我有点

儿希望他在途中迷路。然后，他将会发现伦敦是多么棒的一个地方。

珍妮特：我不明白。

安 迪： 我是在开玩笑！快点，我们走吧！

Outside view

Happiness is not what most students have in mind when they think of school. Yet a school in Germany has developed a novel way to raise the morale of its students, by teaching happiness in classes. Students at Heidelberg‘s Willy Hellpach School of Economics are learning how to achieve happiness as an official subject, alongside mathematics and languages. This is the first school in Germany to develop a happiness course, intended for 17- to 19-year-olds preparing for university entrance exams.

Ernst Fritz-Schubert, the school‘s principal, is on a mission to change things.

Ernst Fritz-Schubert: It was my idea-I‘ve been at this school for 31 years, and I feel that school and happiness have to be reunited. These are two terms which are not considered together, because one does not connect school with happiness. In some cases school comes behind the dentists on the popularity scale and we should try to push schools‘ popularity a bit.

It has been proved by science that a happy student can learn more than an unhappy one, Unhappy students can concentrate for a while but do not use all their potential. The happiness classes are intended to help students fulfill their potential. They will help the students live happy and prosperous lives.

The classes aim to help students in achieving a positive state of mind, by using all their own resources and boosting their self-esteem. In addition, they hope classes will increase self-awareness and physical comfort. Happiness classes are also intended to make students more aware about their environment and society as a whole. During classes students are encouraged to express themselves and observe their peers‘ behavior. The classes are taught by Bjoern Bonn, an actor and visiting lecturer.

Bjoern Bonn: One of the exercises I do is to have one of the students walk across the classroom, with the others copying his walk. Through this exercise, I hope they learn something about themselves. Why do I move like this? How do others see my way of walking? I hope that with a higher body awareness they ideally –of course it will take time-achieve a higher self-consciousness which could lead to happiness.

Wolfgang Lang: We give these classes to students to help them find happiness. Now the question is: How do I define happiness? Happiness is for example a strengthening of the personality. We are providing helpful suggestions to make stronger people. People that ask“Who am I as a person? Am I really happy?‖

Pascal Gemble: It takes time and everybody has to find happiness for themselves. You cannot go into a coaching lesson and say teach me happiness. One can only get indications from teachers or the visiting lecturers. There are also happiness scientists, if we could talk to one of

those, I am sure he would have some hints.

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya: You would think that the teachers are writing definitions on the board. Not true. Those who want happiness have to find it for themselves, you cannot really learn that.

So what does it take to be happy and can you learn it at school?

当学生想起学校，快乐不是多数人想到的。目前，德国一所学校已经创造了一种新颖的通过在课堂上教授快乐的方法来提升其学生们的精神面貌。 Heidelberg ?s Willy Hellpach School of Economics 正在研究怎样将快乐实现为与数学和语言一样的官方课程。这是德国第一家开设快乐课程的学校，意欲为17至19岁的学生作高考的准备。 Ernst Fritz-Schubert,学校的校长，肩负着变革的使命。 Ernst Fritz-Schubert：“这是我的想法—我已经在这所学校呆了31年，我认为学校和快乐必须被重组，这是不被认为该在一起的两部分，因为学生不把学校与快乐联系起来。在某些情况下，学校在受欢迎程度上落后于牙医，我们应该努力推动学校的受欢迎度。

科学已经证明一个快乐的学生能比一个不快乐的学生学到更多。不快乐的学生能在一段时间内集中注意力，但不能发挥他们所有的潜力，这些快乐课程致力于帮助学生发挥他们的潜能，能帮学生生活在快乐繁荣的生活中。‖

这种课程旨在帮助学生们通过用他们自己的特长和激励他们的自尊来达到思想的积极状态。另外，他们希望课程会增加自觉意识和身体素质，快乐课程还致力于让学生意识到环境与社会是作为一个整体存在。课堂期间学生被鼓励表达自我和关注同伴的行为，课程由演员和客座讲师 Bjoern Bonn讲授。 Bjoern Bonn：“我做的其中一个练习是让学生走过教室，其他学生模仿他的步伐。通过这个练习，我希望他们从自己身上学得一些东西‘为什么我像这样行动？其他人怎样评价我走路的方式？’我希望伴随着更高的身体意识他们原则上——当然这需要时间——实现更高的抵达快乐的自我意识。” Wolfgang Lang：“我们为学生们开设这些课程来帮助他们找寻快乐，现在问题是：我该如何给快乐下定义？比如快乐是个性的加强。我们正提供有帮助的建议来使学生更强健，学生会问：我是一个怎样的人？我真的高兴吗？”

Pascal Gembe：“这需要花时间，每个人必须为自己找寻快乐，你不可能去一个训练课说：‘教给我快乐’。一个学生只能从教师或客座讲师那得到暗示，另外也有研究快乐的科学家，如果我们能与他们之一交流，我确信他能给一些暗示。”

Yosma Pinar Cetinkaya：“你会认为老师在黑板上写下快乐的定义，那不正确。哪些想得到快乐的学生必须为他们自己寻找，你不能真正通过学习得到。”

既然如此，得到快乐的代价是什么？你能在学校学到它吗？

Listening in Passage one

Interviewer: Can you tell me…how do you think you have changed as you have matured?What

things have had a major influence on you?

Speaker 1 : Well, let me think…I suppose going to university had a big impact on my life. It

made me much more open-minded. I met so many different types of people there with weird and wonderful ideas and it changed the way I see the world. I‘m much more tolerant now… It made me a more rounded person.

Interviewer: Great, and had any particular person had a central role in forming your character? Speaker 1: I guess that‘d have to be my grandfather. I was very close to him, and he taught me to

stand up for my beliefs. He was always telling me about this…

Interviewer: So what people or events have had an impact on your life?

Speaker 2: I think that traveling my gap year made me grow up and see both the beauty of the

world and, well…just the generosity of ordinary people. I traveled a lot around Asia and you know, I found that in some of the poorest countries, like Cambodia and Laos, people share whatever little they have, and they possess a real joy for life. It‘s probably made me a less selfish person.

Interviewer: Interesting…so you would recommend that young people take a gap year to discover

themselves and the world?

Speaker 2: Definitely. It gives you an opportunity o learn about the world beyond the one you

grew up in and I found it really…

Interviewer: Could you tell me what things in your life have had the greatest influence in

forming your personality?

Speaker 3: Well…a couple of years ago I was on a reality TV show where a group of young

people all lived in a house together. Each week some one was voted off by the audience. I got down to the final three! I suppose being on the show and seeing how the other contestants behaved made me realize how selfish and spiteful some people can be just to get what they want. I also realized it‘s best to just be yourself in life. If you pretend to be someone different people will eventually see through the lies.

Interviewer: Right…And how did you feel when you were eventually voted off?

Speaker 3: Relieved, to be honest with you. But you know, a slight regret that I didn‘t win

because I kind of…

Interviewer: So you can tell me, what one thing do you think that has had the biggest impact on

your life?

Speaker 4: Hmm, that‘s a difficult question. But I think helping victims of the tsunami in 2004

had a very great impact on me. I‘m half Thai and I‘d just arrived in Thailand for a family Christmas holiday. When I heard the news I knew I had to help-you couldn‘t not. I ended up acting as an interpreter for a group of volunteer doctors. It was an incredibly difficult time but you know, even in the middle of such a horrific tragedy there is still a huge amount of genuine human kindness.

Interviewer: That‘s amazing! And has it changed the way you view your future…

采访者 你能不能告诉我…你认为在你渐渐成熟的过程中产生了怎样的变化呢？什么事情

对你产生了主要的影响？

发言人1 嗯，让我想想… 我认为上大学对我的生活产生了重大的影响。大学生活让我的思

想更加开明。我在那遇到了太多不同类型的人，他们有着奇特而又令人称赞的想法。这让我改变了我看世界的方式。我现在宽容多了… 上大学让我成为了一个更加全面的人。

采访者 太棒了…那有没有一些特殊的人在你的性格塑造上产生主要影响呢？

受访者1 我觉得这个人应该是我的祖父。我和他非常亲近，是他教会了我要坚持自己的信

仰。他总是这么和我说…

采访者 那什么人或事对你的生活产生了重要的影响呢？

受访者2 我认为在我的空档年旅行让我逐渐成长，让我同时看见了世界的美丽和…单单是

普通人的慷慨。我去亚洲游玩了很多地方，你知道的，我发现在一些最贫困的国家，像柬埔寨和老挝，人们会分享他们所拥有的一切，无论多少。因此他们拥有对生活最真的快乐。这很可能让我成为一个不那么自私的人。

采访者：很有趣。所以你建议年轻人在大学前的那一年里去发现自己和整个世界么？ 受访者2:：当然了，它能够给你一个机会去了解你生活环境之外的世界，而且我觉得它很?? 采访者：你介意告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你的人格的形成起了最重要的影响么？ 受访者3：恩，几年前，我参加一个电视真人秀的时候，年轻人都住在同一个房子里。每一

个星期，都会有人根据观众的投票而离开。我坚持到了最后三名！我想通过参加这次活动，以及观察其他参赛者的行为，让我认识到了一个人为了达到他的目的，可以多么的自私与居心叵测。同时我也认识到了在生活中，最好做自己。如果你试图去做其他不同于自己的人，别人最终会看穿这个谎言。

采访者：那么，当你最后被投票要离开的时候，你是什么感觉？

受访者3：说实话，我感觉如释重负。但是你知道，还会有一点儿遗憾，我有些?? 采访者：那么你可以告诉我，在你的生活中，什么事情对你起到了最大的影响么？

受访者4：恩，这是个很难回答的问题。但是我想在2004年的时候帮助海啸受难者给我了

巨大的影响。我有一半的泰国血统，那时我刚刚到达泰国去参加家庭的圣诞聚会。当我听到这个消息的时候，我知道我必须去帮助他们——你不可能什么都不做。我最终成为一名医生小组的口译员。那是一个十分艰难的时期，但是你知道，即使是在这样巨大的灾难之中，仍然会有很多人性的善良。

采访者：真的很震惊！那么它改变了你对未来的想法么？

Passage two

Tony: Talking to us today in our Life Choices series is Joan Robinson, an academic counselor at

Manchester University. She gives advice to school students on choosing the right subject to study at university. Joan, welcome to the show. Joan: Thanks Tony.

Tony: So Joan, what do our listeners need to think about when choosing a course? It‘s a huge,

potentially life-changing decision, isn‘t it?

Joan: Yes. I generally give students advice in two areas. Firstly, know yourself, and secondly,

think to the future.

Tony: When you say ―know yourself‖ what do you mean?

Joan: Basically, I mean evaluate your own personal strengths and weaknesses, your personality

traits and the things you like.

Tony: I see…So how can our listeners do this?

Joan: Well, start by asking yourself questions to help reflect on your life so far. For example, what

subjects are you good at? Are you an organized and self-disciplined person? Are you confident and outgoing? Do you like working with others in a team or do you prefer working alone? These kinds of questions will help you discover more about yourself. Tony: Sounds like good advice. How about your second point regarding the future?

Joan: Well, your choice of major subject is likely to have a significant impact on your future

career so it‘s important to look into this carefully. I recommend you check not only which academic subjects will help you get into a particular area of work, but also look carefully at what universities offer. Each university has its strengths so try to choose one that is the best in your chosen field. Find out what links the department has to related industries and leading companies in it.

Tony: Good point. Now I‘d like to take some calls from our listeners. First up we have James on

the line. Hi, James! How can we help?

James: Hi. I‘m interested in career in IT and I‘d like to ask Joan whether she thinks it‘s better to

go to a highly respected university, like Oxford, or to study somewhere that has more of a vocational focus?

Joan: Well, James, you know it really depends on what you expect to get out of a university and

how you see your future. Basically a handful of the brightest graduates are picked from the top universities around the world to join the leading IT companies. So I‘d say if you‘re a high-flyer then this is the route that might be for you. But if you are looking for a more mainstream career then you should consider a course that helps you acquire practical, transferable skills that you can use in the workplace…and look at which universities have the best levels of graduate recruitment for the kind of job you are aiming for. James: I see! Thanks a lot. That really helps me out…

Tony：今天我们生活选择栏目的嘉宾是曼彻斯特大学的学校顾问乔恩·罗宾逊。她将会给学生们一些在大学里如何去选择正确的学科的建议。乔恩,欢迎来到我们的节目。 Joan: 谢谢，托尼。

Tony：那么乔恩，我们的听众在选择课程时需要考虑些什么？这是一个重大的，可能改变生

活的选择，对吗？

Joan：是的。我一般给学生们两个方面的建议。第一，要了解自己；第二，要对未来持有看

法。

Tony：你说的“了解自己”，具体是什么意思？

Joan：基本上，我的意思是要评价自己的优缺点、性格特征和兴趣。 Tony：明白。那么我们的听众要怎么做到这一点呢？

Joan：目前，要从自我反思开始。例如，你擅长哪一科？你是不是一个有条理的，能自律的

人？你是不是自信的，开朗的？你喜欢在一个团队中与别人合作还是孤军奋战？这些问题能帮助你更多地了解自己。

Tony：听起来就是个好建议。那你的第二个关于未来的建议呢？

Joan：你选择的主修课程很有可能对你以后的工作有重大的影响，所以，仔细地对专业进行

调查是很重要的。我要求的不仅仅是调查哪一个专业能让你找到好工作，而且要仔细地查阅一下学校提供的资源。每一所大学都有自己的特色，所以要试着选择在你选择范围内的最好的一所。并且要找到那一所大学与相关工厂和首席公司之间的关系。 Tony：好主意。现在我们进入到听众热线的环节。第一个连接上的听众是詹姆斯。詹姆斯你

好！我们有什么能帮助你的？

James：你好。我对IT行业很感兴趣，我想问一下乔恩，她认为进入一所受到尊重的学校，

例如牛津大学好，还是选择一所更加注重技术实践的学校好？

Joan：很好，詹姆斯，你知道这完全决定于你想要从大学里得到什么还有你对未来的看法。

基本上，大把的精英都是从世界顶尖高校中被挑选出来进入到领先世界的IT公司工作。我想说，如果你是一个有野心的人，这可能是一条属于你的路。但是，如果你正在寻找主流行业，那么你应该考虑一门能帮助你锻炼在工作中有用处的实践能力与可传递能力的课程，和比较一下在哪一间大学里，你的目标专业的就业率最高。 James：明白了！非常感谢，这些建议真的让我豁然开朗。

Unit 2

Inside view Conversion 1

Janet Hey, look at that! It‘s just like I‘ve seen it in the films!

Andy Welcome to London, my hometown. We are in Shoutwark, south of the river. there‘s

London bridge off to your left, and there‘s Tower Bridge.

Janet I‘m really impressed. How old is it? Andy It‘s only about 120 years old. Janet well, that‘s quite old.

Andy the London Docks used to be around this area. What happened was that about three or

four times a day, they raised Tower Bridge, so the bigger ships could come right into London. But because they couldn‘t go under London bridge, they had to stop and unload here.

Janet Does Tower Bridge still open?

Andy well, not so often. When I was a kid, I think I saw tower bridge go up fairy often, all

the traffic had to wait for the ships to pass through the bridge. Anyway, just this side of London bridge were lots of warehouses, where they kept their cargo. But during the second world war, there was lots of bombing over London…

Janet yes, I read about that…the Blitz?

Andy that‘s right. And even when I was a kid, I remember that many of the buildings were

still damaged. But in the late 1980s and 90s, this whole area was redeveloped, you can see for yourself, it‘s a trendy place to live now.

Janet is the river thames still polluted?

Andy well, it certainly used to be polluted. I remember it had a very distinctive smell, if you

fell in, they used to take you to hospital.

Janet that‘s sounds revolting!

Andy yes, but in the 1960s, they cleaned it up, and in fact it‘s now one of the cleanest city

rivers in the world.

翻译：

珍妮特 嘿，看那！和我在电影里看到的一样啊 ！ 安迪 欢迎来到我的故乡伦敦。我们现在是在河的南边---southwark,在你的左边是伦敦大

桥，那边是伦敦塔桥。

珍妮特 真让人叹为观止啊！他有多长的历史了? 安迪 只有大概120年吧。 珍妮特 已经很久了。

安迪 轮的码头以前就在这附近，他们以前每天都会吧塔桥升起来三四次，以便让大船

进入伦敦，但船又不能通过伦敦大桥，所以只能在这停下来下货了。

珍妮特 塔桥现在还会开放吗？

安迪 嗯，偶尔吧。我小的时候经常看到塔桥升起来，当时所有的车都会停下来等桥下

的船通过。伦敦桥这边还有许多他们用来存放货物的仓库，但伦敦在二战期间遭到了许多轰炸。

珍妮特 是的，我在书上看到过，德国空袭，对吧？ 安迪 没错，甚至在我小的时候，还有许多遗留下来的被毁建筑，但在80年代后期到

90年代，这边整个区域都重建了。你看，现在这已经是一个很时髦的居住地了！

珍妮特 泰晤士河现在还是污染的吗？

安迪 以前是，记得以前这有股很特别的味道，你一旦掉下去，就会被送去医院。 珍妮特 听起来有点恶心。 安迪 是的，但60年代已经被清理干净了，实际上它现在已经是世界上最干净的河流之

一了。

Conversion 2

Janet It is very different from the parts of London I know.

Andy The thing about Southwark is that it‘s a typical suburb of London, full of old buildings and

shops. And this is where I grew up. I used to live in that building there.

Janet It‘s amazing. It looks very old. Andy Yes, it‘s about 80 years old

Janet And where did you go to school?

Andy Let me see. Yes , it was about a mile away from here. From about the age of eight, I used

to go by bike. We all made our way to school on our own, meeting up with friends along the way until there was a large gang of us kids as we got closer to school. These days parents are much more protective and take their kids to school by car. It‘s safer, but it‘s not as much fun. Anyway …where was I?

Janet You were telling me about your schooldays.

Andy That‘s right. Anyway, I stayed at school until I was 16,and then I went to a college of

further education, and did my A levels. And after that, I decided to go to university.

Janet Your parents must have been proud of you.

Andy Yes, I think so. I was the first person in my family to go to uni. Janet That‘s fascinating. Andy And what about you?

Janet Oh, it was a typical childhood in Anshan, nothing much to tell. Andy But I have no idea what a typical childhood is like in China. Janet OK, I will tell you. Let me think…

Andy Oh, hang on! Do you mind waiting here for a minute? Let me go up to my flat and get my

research, and then you can tell me about it while we‘re on our way back to the studio.

Janet OK

Andy Back in a minute…

珍妮特 这和我看到的伦敦的其他地方很不一样啊。

安迪 守特瓦是一个很典型的伦敦郊区，这有许多古老的建筑和商场。这是我长大的地方，

我以前就住在那栋楼里。

珍妮特 哇！看起来很古老。

安迪 是的，有大概80年了吧。 珍妮特 对了，你去哪上学的？

安迪 让我想想… 对了，离这大概一里远。八岁起我就开始骑车上学，我们都是自己去的。

一路上我们会碰到很多同学，到学校的时候已经是一大帮人了。而现在的父母过度的保护自己的孩子，每天送他们上学，这当然安全些，不过没有趣。而且……我说道哪了？

珍妮特 你在讲你的学生时代。

安迪 对了，而且我在学校呆到16岁后又进了进修学校，并且参加了大学入学考试。后来我

又决定上大学了。

珍妮特 你父母一定为你感到骄傲吧！

安迪 我想是吧，在家里我是第一个上大学的。 珍妮特 你太棒了。 安迪 你呢？你怎么样？

珍妮特 噢，那是在鞍山一个很典型的童年，没什么太多可讲。 安迪 但还不知道在中国典型的童年是什么样的啊！ 珍妮特 好吧，我来告诉你，让我想想……

安迪 噢，你先停下，在这等我一下好吗？我先回宿舍拿下调研资料，然后在回录音室的路上

你再慢慢讲给我听。

珍妮特 好吧。 安迪 我马上回来。

Outside view

HELP THE CHILDREN

Around the world,many children are living in poverty.Many children live in countries where there's war.Many children do not get enough to eat.Some of these children are suffering from malnutrition.

Many children in the world can‘t go to school.One agency that is helping these children is UNICEF.UNICEF means the United Nations Children's Fund.UNICEF has more than seven thousand people working and one hundred and fifty_seven countries around the world to help children.One country where they are doing a great deal of work is Afghanistan.A whole generation of children in Afghanistan has never known peace,until recently.Now UNICEF is bringing food for malnourished children.They're bringing medicine.Here A medical team travels on horseback to bring medicine to a remote mountain village.And UNICEF is helping the children get an education.\say that the first thing they want is peace,and the second thing that they want is ,was education.\attend school at all.\of the 50 percent schools which,eh,eh,needs repair.We are trying to accommodate all the children in the schools.\teacher,Habiba Kilwati,has been running the school for 12 years.She supervises 26 other schools like it.\want to learn,so wo can become teachers,doctors,or engineers,and be like normal students.\whose children went to school.Today,children are happy to be in school.\tea and an egg,and came to school.I have notebooks ,pencils,erasers,and friends,and fun here.―UNICEF is helping rebuild the educational system in Afghanistan in many ways.UNICEF is helping to train teachers.They're rebuilding schools,they're printing textbooks,and delivering books and other supplies to schools.This girls school was closed under the Taliban.Now,it's opening again.It has room for 960 students.These girls are happy to be back to school.\disappointed and sad that I wasted six years.There was no education then.I tried to study then with my parents,but it's not the same.It wasn't so bad,but now I'm much happier because the schools are reopening.\give them back their education so they can read and write.\closed the schools,girls stayed at home.Now there's an oppotunity for them to continue their education.We are very happy about this.We can be proud of our girls,our young people.They can go back to school.UNICEF is working on its mission to bring food,medinine and education to the children of Afganistan.In the process,they're also bringing hope.

采访者：凯西·理查是专业的艺术导游。凯西，你能告诉我们你所注意到的这方面近几年来的趋势吗？

凯西： 好的，我所观察到的最重要的现象之一是：到美术馆参观的人数剧增，公众对现代

艺术的兴趣更浓厚了。

采访者：你认为产生这种现象的原因是什么呢？

凯西： 我认为，有以下几点原因。最重要的是，首先，一些当代开放的新型美术馆宣传有

力；其次，参观人员逐渐年轻化——新一代更能接受现代艺术；最后，新的美术馆本身也成为了参观者的目的地之一，因为画作大都被陈列于令人惊叹的建筑物中。

采访者：那么，哪些新型美术馆是最受欢迎的呢？

凯西： 伦敦的泰特现代美术馆自从2000年开放以来已经拥有超过3000万的访客总数，而

它现在每年的平均参观人数超过450万。纽约的现代艺术博物馆，或者我们叫它MoMA，是一所历史悠久的美术馆。它于1929年建立，但是最近进行了修葺和扩建。其整修于2006年完工。自它重新对公众开放后，第一年就有超过250万的参观者。还有一所非常成功的新型美术馆，它就是坐落在西班牙毕尔巴鄂市的古根海姆博物馆。它于1997年建成，并拥有每年100万的游客量。

采访者：真是些令人咋舌的数字。泰特现代美术馆所拥有的惊人访客量与它的免费开放有什

么关联吗？

凯西： 去参观长期的馆藏画作的确是免费的，但是参观临时展品的游客依然众多，虽然票

价通常在10英镑左右。

采访者：那么，人们去刚才你所提到的另两所美术馆需要门票吗？

凯西： 噢，是的，当然需要。MoMA需要20美元，而古根海姆博物馆需要8欧元。 采访者：你认为参观者们在乎这样高昂的票价吗？

凯西： 不，我不认为他们介意。大多数人们认为，考虑到那些他们即将看到的优秀而无价

的收藏品与艺术品，这样的价格是合理的。

采访者：你刚才的话中提到，那些保存有杰出画作的建筑，在现在同样具有吸引力。

凯西： 是的，像古根海姆博物馆，它在毕尔巴鄂的出现简直赋予整座城市以新的活力，并

且令这座城市出现在了旅游地图上。人们喜欢它那充满未来主义气息的曲线型金属结构。泰特美术馆则帮助泰晤士河畔的老工业区重获生机，其本身，便是由一个有一定历史的大型砖石结构发电厂改建而成。至于MoMA则很有趣，因为它坐落于纽约的市中心。

采访者：那么来美术馆参观的一般是些什么人呢？这些艺术爱好者们大致上的分布情况又是

怎样呢？

凯西： 在过去，博物馆和美术馆被认为是老一代的“专利”，但事实上，泰特美术馆48%

的参观者年龄都在35岁以下……

UNIT5

INSIDE VIEW Conversaion1

A:I love Chinese,but is the food around here typical?

J:Well,it depends what you mean by typical.This is mostly Cantonese food from the south,excepet for the roast duck,which is from Beijing.But it is different from the food where I come from in the northeast.

A:And which is better?

J:Er,well,in my opinion,I think~

Oh,look,here he comes.Hi,Tony. T:Hi,Li Hui,ni hao.

J:Ni hao.Tony,this is Andy,my colleage. A/T:Hi.

J:We were wondering if we could ask you some questions about life in Chinatown.

A:I don‘t know if Janet‘s told you,but we are doing a series of reviews on ethnic restaurants here in London for London Time Off. T:Ok,I see.

A:And the thing is,everyone eats Chinese and Indian food,but we want to put a bit of background and history on the website.Are you up for this? T:Ok,fire away.

A:What I suggest is,if you‘ve got time,we will do some filming around here,and then we will put the research together back at thestudio.

A:Janet,are you ready with the sound this time? J:Ok.

A:Just remember to keep the needle out of the red zone.And don‘t forget to stop us if there‘s too much background noise. J:Ok,thanks.

A:Tony,you work here in Chinatown.Do you live here as well? T:No,in fact,very few Chinese actually live in Chinatown.

A:And in comparison with Chinatown in say,San Francisco or Sydney,is it larger or smaller? T:I would say it‘s much smaller.Really.It‘s only three or four streets. A:And the business here,is it mostly restaurant trade?

T:Yes,as well as the supermarkets,which stock produce from China.

A:我喜欢中国菜，但这附近有代表性的食物吗？

J:嗯，这取决于你说的典型是什么意思。除了北京烤鸭，这里大多是中国南方的广东菜。但这里的广东菜和我家乡的东北菜不同。 A:你认为哪里的更好吃呢？ J:嗯，我认为~

喔，你看，他来了。嗨，Tony! T:嗨！李慧，你好！

J:你好，Tony！他是我的同事Andy. A/T:嗨。

J:我们在想你是否可以回答我们一些关于唐人街生活的问题。

A:我不知道Janet是否告诉你了，但我们是在为London Time Off做一系列的有关伦敦异国风味餐厅的评论文章。 T：好的，我明白了。

A:话说，每个人都吃中国菜和印度菜，但我们想在网上放一些有关的文化背景和历史知识。你能帮助我们吗？ T:没问题，你问吧。

A：如果你有时间的话，我建议我们在这附近来录一段短片，等回工作室后将调查材料整合在一起。

A:Janet,这一次调好声音了吗？

J:好了。

A:记得把图标移开红色区域。如果背景噪音太大，记得叫停。 J:好的，谢谢你的提醒。

A:Tony,你在唐人街工作，那你也在这住吗？ T：不住这，事实上，很少中国人真正住在这。

A:和旧金山或悉尼的唐人街相比，伦敦的唐人街更大还是更小呢？ T:更小，真的，这里只有三四条街。 A:这里的商业活动大多是餐厅生意吗？ T:是的，还有卖中国货的超市。

Conversation2

A:So where do you call home?

T:Like lots of people,my grandparents came from Hong Kong in the 1950‘s.But I‘m a British-born Chinese.So I guess this is home now.

A:So how long has here been a Chinese community in London?

T:For 200 years.When the Chinese first came to London,they arrived as sailors,so they lived in the East End by the Docks.

A:And how did they make their living?

T:restaurants mostly,but they were also famous for running laundries. A:And why did Chinesetown move over here?

T:At the start of the 20th century,some of them move to the West End,which is the entertainment district to open Chinese restaurants.And gradually,the Chinese from all over the London met friends and did business here.

A:And does it still feel like a traditional Chinese community?

T:Oh,sure.You saw the Chinese gateway and we celebrate Chinese New Year along with the Chinese all over the world. A:Thanks.

T:You are welcome. A:How is it going,Janet?

J:It‘s fine,that‘s about three minutes of material.

A:Ok.Let‘s wind it up.Tony,thank you very much,that was really interesting.Very grateful. T:No problem.Now,are you hungry?How about some dimsum and crispy roast duck? J:Sounds great.I‘m starving,thanks.

T:Don‘t mention it.Let‘s go back to my restaurant.

A:Sure,I‘m starving too.All this talk about food,thanks,Tony! T:You‘re welcome!

A:那你认为哪里才是你真正的家？

T:嗯，像很多人一样，我的祖父母在二十世纪五十年代从香港来到这里。但我是一个在英国出生的中国人，所以我现在把这里看成是我的家。 A:华人聚集在伦敦有多久了呀？

T:两百年了。中国人第一次来到这里是以海员的身份来的，所以他们住在东区码头。 A:那他们是如何谋生的？

T:大多是靠开饭店，但他们也以经营干洗店出名。 A:那为什么唐人街搬到这里？

T:二十世纪初，他们中的一些人搬到了西区，到那片娱乐区开中餐馆。渐渐地，来自伦敦各地的中国人在这里约朋友，做生意。

A:现在的唐人街感觉还是个传统的中国社区吗？ T:当然是，你可以看到中国式大门，我们也会和来之世界各地的中国人一起来庆祝中国新年。 A：谢谢你的回答。 T:不客气。

A:怎么样呀,Janet?

J:很好，录了大约三分钟。

A:好，可以结束了。Tony,太感谢你了，你讲得非常有趣，非常感谢！ T:这没什么。你们现在饿了吗？吃些中式点心和香脆烤鸭怎么样？ J:听上去不错，我现在饿坏了，谢谢你。 T：别客气，走吧，到我的餐厅去！

A:好的，我也好饿啊。关于所有的有关食物的谈话，真的很感谢你，Tony！ T:不用谢啦。

Outside view Part 1

We're taking a walk along this peaceful, quiet beach .Just the place to relax .But out there, at other beaches around the world, that's another story. Let's take a look.

These sea lions fight to defend their territory. During the mating season, these elephant seals show aggression to establish dominance. People fight to defend their territory. In some situations, we‘re used to it. We even expect it. When you‘re on a crowded street, or trying to get into a crowded bus, other people are going to start shoving. It‘s not always pleasant, but it‘s not surprising when it happens. But what about here, on this lovely beach? There‘s plenty of room for everyone to sit comfortably, enjoy the sun, and look at the ocean.

Let‘s say you‘re sitting on the beach, it‘s not too crowded, and someone comes up and put their stuff right in front of you. What would you do?

A:‖I‘d be very angry and go over to them and tell them to move.‖

B:‖ Maybe throw a little sand in their face and make them to move, I don‘t know.‖

C:‖ If someone came and sat down in front of me on the beach, I would probably move my towel next to them and start a conversation.‖

Now that‘s take Jack out to the street. This is South beach in Miami. Getting a parking place in this neighbourhood can be really difficult. That‘s because there‘re too many cars and not enough space. And when space is limited, people can get a lot more aggressive. Our producer is parked here in this very desirable parking spot. She‘s going to wait until someone wants her parking space. There‘s a lot of traffic, so she won‘t have to wait too long. Yes! There‘s someone now.

我们正沿着这安宁平静的海滩漫步。这里正是放松的好地方。但除这以外，在世界各地其他的海滩上，上演的是另一个不同的故事。让我们好好看一看。

这些海狮们为了保卫它们的领地而战斗。交配期间，这些象海豹展开激烈攻势来确立自己的统治地位。人类也为了保卫领地而战。在某些情况下，我们习以为常。我们甚至期望它。当你在一个拥挤的街上或费力挤上一辆已无立足之地的公交车，其他人就开始你推我挤。发生如此情况总让人感到不愉快，但并不吃惊。然而，在如此宜人的海滩上，又是什么情况呢？这里有充足的空间让每个人舒适地坐着尽情享受阳光和大海。假如当你正享受日光的沐浴时，这本不拥挤的海滩上却出现了某些讨厌的人，把他们的一堆物品就堆在你的面前。你会怎么做？

A:“我会非常生气，走过去，告诉他们把东西拿开。“ B：“我不知道，也许会朝他们的脸洒一点沙子迫使他们挪开。“ C：“如果这海滩上有人走过来，在我面前坐下，我也许会把自己的毛巾移到他们旁边，开始和他们聊天。“

现在，让我们带JACK到街区去转转。这里是迈阿密的南海滩。在附近找一个停车的地方是件非常困难的事。因为这边没有足够的地方容纳这么多车。当停车空间有限，人们会变得更加挑衅。我们的制片人已经停在了这非常称心的停靠点。她正等着下一个需要她的停车点的人。这里车很多，所以她不需长久等待。是的！有人来了。

Part B

A:‖ Leaving?‖

B:‖ Yeah, I‘m leaving.‖ A:‖ Oh, great!‖

She pulls out, and the minute she pulls out, Jack pulls in. What do you think the driver will do? Drive away? Or stop and confront Jack?

C:‖ Hey! Hey! Come on, pal! That‘s my spot, my parking spot!‖

B:‖ Oh yeah? I didn‘t see you in it. Well, looks like it‘s my space now! Sorry!‖ C:‖ What‘re you talking about , man ?You saw me, I was right there!‖ B:‖ You know, have you considered anger management counselling?‖ C:‖I was right there! What‘re you talking about?‖

B:‖ Ah, it‘s now time for the sunny tunes of South Florida.‖ C:‖I was right there. You saw me!‖

B:‖ What? I‘m sorry I can‘t hear what you‘re saying.‖

C:‖ You saw me, come on! Do you like it when people do that crap to you?‖

B:‖ Great song, isn‘t it？ I love this song. Do you have a hearing problem? You scream a lot.‖ C:‖ No! You have? problem !‖ B:‖ Yeah. Whew!‖

If you‘re waiting to pull into a parking space and someone else sneaks right into it, what would you do?

D:‖I would beep my horn, I would roll down the window, and I would shout very rude things at them.‖

E:‖ I would yell out the window and tell them to move!‖

Aggression, it‘s part of survival. Animals and humans need to be aggressive in order to survive. But how aggressive do we need to be? When do we fight? When do we give up and walk away? Those are the decisions that we all make everyday. A 要走？

B 对，我马上离开。 A 啊太好了 她驱车离开。她一走，JACK 停进来。你认为司机会怎么做？开走？或停下来和JACK对峙？ C 喂！喂！快点，讨厌鬼，这是我的地方，我的停车点！

B 真的？我没见你停在里面。嗯，现在看起来这好像是我的停车点了！对不起！ C 你在说什么，年轻人？你看到我了，我就在那边！ B 听我说，你有没有考虑要接受愤怒情绪的控制服务？ C 我刚在那！你在说什么呀！

B 嗯，现在该欣赏佛罗里达州南部的阳光曲调。

C 我刚就在那。你看到我了！

B 什么？对不起，我听不见你在说什么。

C 算了吧，你看到我了！你难道喜欢别人对你做那垃圾控制服务？

B 真好听的歌，不是吗？我喜欢这首。你听力有问题吗？你一直在尖叫。 C 不！你才有??毛病！ B 是。呸！

如果你长时间等待的停车点被其他人偷占了，你会怎么做？ D 我会按喇叭，摇下窗，对他们骂脏话。 E 我会喊叫让他们离开！

攻击，是生存技能的一部分。动物和人类为了生存都需要具有攻击性。但是我们该如何把握进退呢？我们该什么时候打斗？我们该什么时候放弃离开？那些是我们每天都在做的决定。

Listening in 1

Today we‘ll focus on two aspects of group behaviour.Firstly,how groups develop,and secondly,the roles individuals play within a group.It‘s widely acknowledged that the performance of effective groups is often greater than the sum of the individuals in the group.This is due to what we call synergy-in other words,the extra energy and effevtiveness that people create when they work together.

Early research in this field carried out in the 1930s by Elton Mayo discovered something that he called the ―Hawthorne effect‖.The idea is that when individual know they are part of a study,their productivity automatically increases regardless of other factors,such as how much time or money they are given,for example.The research suggests that things like personal identity,self-esteem and the social context in which a group is working are really very important factors in improving the performance of individuals.

If we move on to look at the nature of groups more closely,we find that groups have natural phasese that can help us understand their effectiveness.You have probably all had experience of working with other people in a group that,at firsl,wasn,t very productive.This phenomenon was studied by Tuckman in the 1960s,and he created a model to describe the stages of a group.

The first stage is known as‖Forming‖which is when individual members get to know each other.This is followed by‖Storming‖when individual start to share their ideas and creative energy.The third phase is‖Norming‖where a group identity begins to form.The final stage is‖Performing‖when individuals within the group work together.And it is at this stage that the group achieves results.Understanding these phases can help us ensure that members of a group work together to overcome early loner.

The‖Resource investigator‖is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the‖Monitorevaluator‖is calm and serous and makes good,balanced decisions.

The‖Team worker‖in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit.And the‖Comleter-finisher‖is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up and loose ends.To be effective,a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfill all these different roles.

今天，我们将关注团队合作的两个方面。首先，团队是怎样发展形成的，再者，是每个个体在团队中扮演的角色。人们普遍承认，有效率的团队合作通常比组内个人工作成果的总和要好得多。这是由于一种被我们称为协作的东西——即是当他们一起工作时产生的额外的能量和效率。

Elton Mayo在20世纪30年代在这个领域进行过早期的研究，他曾经发现了霍索恩效应。这

个观点是指当个体知道他们是研究小组的一部分时，他们的生产率不受比如他们被给定的时间或金钱其他因素影响，自动地提高了。这个调查表明着比如个性特征，自尊和一个团队所工作的社会环境是提高个人工作表现非常重要的因素。 如果我们继续进一步地去看团队的本质，我们会发现团队其自身的阶段来帮我们了解它们的效率。大家或许都有过在一个团队里和其他人一起工作的经验，刚开始，不是很高效的。Tuckman曾在20世纪60年代研究过这个现象，他创造了一个模型来描述一个团队的不同阶段。

第一个阶段被称为“组建期”。这个时期中，单个的成员开始互相认识。紧随其后的第二个阶段是“激荡期”，个体开始分享他们的想法和创造力。第三个阶段是“规范期”，一个团队的特性开始形成。最后一个阶段是“执行期”，团队内的个体开始一起工作。团队正是在这个阶段取得成果。明白这些阶段能帮助我们确保团队的成员一起工作，防止出现早期的独行者。

外交家是团队内总是有好奇心并且探索新设想的人，监督员冷静严肃，是能做出较为平衡的决策的人。相形之下，凝聚者是一个能鼓动士气，目标明确且敏感的团队成员。完成者是一个尽责的完美主义者，关注细节，整合资源，完善成果。想要成为一个有效率的团队，需要有各种各样能胜任所有这些不同角色的成员。

Listening in 2

Today I'm reporting from Phuket in Southern Thailand.Parts of the island were devastated by the tsunami in 2004,and over 250 people lost their lives here. I've come back to see how one community has recovered.

Here in the village of The Chat Chai,the rebuilding of the destroyed homes has been led by the international organazition Habitat for Humanity.About a year after the tsunami occurred,volunteers began building 36 new homes for local families.

One villager,Somwang,is certainly very happy with the results.He used to live in a small hut on his two square metre plot of land near the sea.The local community wanted him to have a bigger home and despite the small size of his plot of land,they built him a three-storey house,which is now the tallest in the village. A happy ending to such a horrific tragedy.

The rebuilding here has also had a positive effect on the local economy,because the earth bricks that were used to build the homes were produced in Khao Lak,another tsunami hit island——all part of a post-tsunami livelihood development project.

Talking to people here,I've discovered that the project not only provided them with much needed shelter,but also the process has helped rebuild a spirit of community amongst them.A host of foreign as well as local volunteers joined together to work in rebuilding the villagers' homes and lives,and even an American TV celebrity volunteered.

The project has also been visited by former US president Jimmy Carter,who is an active supporter of Habitat for Humanity.He and his wife offer one week of their time every year to volunteer on construction projects around the world.

It's certainly encouraging to see the strength of the human spirit and generosity of people who help others in times of need.

Habitat for Humanity is continuing their work in the south of Thailand,helping poor local families and communities to improve their lives.Their \to save 30 per cent of the cost of building or rebuilding their home.The charity then lends the

family the rest of the money they need,and helps in the building of their new home.It's then paid for in monthly repayments of under ＄30,which supports those who want to build a better life for themselves.This is Marianne Harper reporting from Southern Thailand...

我在泰国南部的普及岛为大家做出今天的报道。在2004年，该岛的部分遭受了海啸的严重破坏，有250多人罹难。让我们再回到这里，见证一个社区的重建。

这里是Chat Chai村庄，在“仁爱之家”国际组织的带领下，人们重建了家园。在海啸袭击的一年之后，志愿者们开始为当地居民兴建36所新房子。

一个叫Somwang的村民，对目前的生活非常地满意。过去，他住在海边的一个两平方米的小陋屋。当地的社区想让他有一个更大的家，尽管他所拥有的土地面积很小，他们还是为他建了一座三层的房子，现在这幢房子成为了全村最高的建筑。最终，一个可怕的灾难迎来了一个完美的结局。

重建对当地的经济也有积极的影响，因为用来修建房子的土砖产自另一个被海啸袭击过的小岛寇立——以上所述都是海啸后恢复生计发展计划的一部分。

在和当地人交谈中，我发现开发项目不仅为灾民们提供了必要的避难所，而且重建的过程也让他们重拾了团体精神。很多外国人和当地的志愿者们一起工作着，为重建村民的家园而努力。甚至一个美国电视名人也参与了志愿行动，

美国前总统吉米卡特也参观了开发项目，他是支持“仁爱之家”的积极分子。每年卡特夫妇都会花一周的时间在世界各地参与建设项目的志愿者服务工作。

令人深受鼓舞的是看到人类精神的力量和那些在他人需要帮助的时刻伸出援助之手的人们的慷慨无私。

“仁爱之家”继续着他们在泰国南部的工作，帮助当地贫穷的家庭和社区改善他们的生活。“储蓄和建设”计划鼓励灾灾民们储蓄下修建或重修房屋的支出的百分之三十。然后慈善组织将会借给他们需要的款项，并且帮助他们重建家园。每月的还款不到３０美元，这将有利于人们追求更好的生活。这是玛丽哈珀从泰国南部发回的报导?

Unit 6

Inside View Conversation1

Janet:So tell me about Shakespeare's Gboble Theatre,Joe.It looks really old.

Joe:In fact,it was only built in 1997,which was the home of Shakespeare's theatre company when

he came to London in 1599. Janet:So what's the Globle made of?

Joe:Well.the walls are made of wood,and it's got a thatched roof. Janet:Is that the kind of dried grass instead of tiles?

Joe:That's right.In fact it's the first thatched building in London since the Great Fire of London in

1966.

Janet:That's amazing.

Joe:And inside it's just like the original stage.The audience stands in front of the stage. Janet:Are you serious?Aren't there any seats?

Joe:Yes,there are some seats.but most people stand while they watch the play.So they get soaking

wet when it rains.Actually the strangest thing is when you're watching Romeo and Juliet in 16th century Verona,and suddenly there's a plane passing over. Janet:that's extraoridnary!

Joe:Yes,blows me away.

Janet:And Andy tells me we've got a report to do on the summer season.

Joe:Yes,that's right.During the winter,it's closed but in may the season starts again.

Janet:When I think of Shakespeare.I usually think of Stratford-upon-Avon.Where is

Stratford-upon-Avon?

Joe:It's about 130 kilometres from London.Yes that's where he was born,and it's still the home of

Royal Shakespeare Company.But I kind of see him as a London hero,because it's here that he became the greatest playwriter the world has ever known. Janet:You really think that?

Joe:I sure do.Let's get back to the studio and edit this.

Janet:Joe告诉我一些关于莎士比亚Gbloble剧院的事，它看起来真的非常的古老。

Joe:事实上，它只是建于1997。当莎士比亚于1599年来到伦敦时它是莎士比亚剧团的家。 Janet:那Gboble剧院是由什么建成的？

Joe:它的墙是由木头建的，它有个茅草屋顶。 Janet：是那种干草而不是瓷砖么?

Joe:是的。事实上，自从1966年伦敦大火以来它是在伦敦的第一个茅草建筑物。 Janet:太惊人了。

Joe：它的内部就像是原始的舞台。观众们站立在舞台的前面。 Janet:你是开玩笑的么？那儿没有座位么？

Joe：有。那里有一些座位，但大多数的人都站着看戏剧。所以当下雨的时候他们都全身湿

透了的。事实上最最奇怪的是：当你在19世纪的维罗纳剧院看罗密欧与朱丽叶时飞机呼啸而过。 Janet:太神奇了！

Joe:是啊。太不可思议了。

Janet:Andy告诉我说我们在夏季有报导要做。

Joe:是的。在冬季剧院是关闭的但是五月时它再次开放。

Janet：当我想到莎士比亚时我通常想到斯特拉特福。斯特拉特福在哪里呢？ Joe:它距伦敦大约130公里。莎士比亚就出生在那里，同时它也是皇家莎士比亚剧团的诞生

地。我总是把他看成是伦敦的英雄，因为他正是在伦敦成了世界所熟知的伟大的戏剧家。 Janet：你真那么想么？

Joe：那是当然。我们回到工作室去编辑吧。

Conversation2

Janet:So when was Shakespeare born? Joe:In 1564.

Janet:And when did he die? Joe:In 1616.

Janet:And when did he come to London?

Joe:We don't know exactly,but some time between 1585 and 1592. Janet:And what did he do in London?

Joe:He joined a group of actors,and wrote some of his most famous plays.such as Hamlet,The

Merchant of Venice.and Romeo and Juliet. Janet:So what happend to him later in his life?

Joe:Well,in 1603.Queen Elizabeth died,and theatre became less popular.And then the Globe

Theatre burned down

Janet:And what was the last play he wrote?

Joe:It was The Tempest-it's often thought that the character of Prospero.the magician,was based on

himself.

Janet:And does the Royal Shakespeare Company still perform plays in London.

Joe:Both in Straford and London,and they also tour all over the country.I reckon there are about seven or eight Shakespeare plays on in the West End at the moment Janet:Why do you think he's still so popular?

Joe:What I think is great about Shakespeare is that the plays make audiences think.And that makes

the audience feel good.

Janet:And is it the same in the States?

Joe:Maybe not so much.But there's huge respect for Shakespeare's plays on Broadway.I suppose it's because he's still very relevant to audiences today.

Janet:Joe,you know so much about Shakespeare!I'm really stunned! Well,I guess I've seen most of them at one time or another. Andy:Sorry I'm late.

Joe:Better once than never,for never too late. Andy:What?

Joe:Taming of the Shrew.Act 5 Scene1.Better late than never. Andy:Have you finished the edit?Let's upload it onto the website. Janet：莎士比亚什么时候出生的？ Joe:1564年。

Janet：他什么时候死的？ Joe：在1616年。

Janet：那他什么时候来到伦敦？

Joe：我们无法确切的知道，但应该是在1585到

1592之间的某个时间。 Janet:他在伦敦干什么？

Joe:他加入一个表演队，写了部分他最出名的戏剧，如：哈姆雷特、威尼斯商人、罗密欧与

朱丽叶。

Janet：那在莎士比亚生活的后期发生了什么呢？ Joe：在1603年，伊丽莎白女王去世后戏院最得不那么流行了。接着Globe剧院也被烧毁了。 Janet:莎士比亚最后写的戏剧是什么?

Joe:是暴风雨。人们经常认为其中魔术普洛斯彼罗这个角色就是以莎士比亚自已塑造的。 Janet:那皇家莎士比亚剧团在伦敦还继续表演戏剧么？

Joe：斯特拉福德和伦敦都有，他们也演出遍全国。我估计此刻在West End剧院大约有七到

八个莎士比亚戏剧正在上演。 Janet：你认为为什么他那么的出名？ Joe：我认为莎士比亚的伟大之处在于他的戏剧让观众们得到思考，这使得观众们感到很好。 Janet:这在美国也一样么？

Joe：也许不全都吧。但是在百老汇有一批对莎士比亚戏剧抱有敬意的人。我猜那是因为他

现在还跟观众紧密相连。

Janet：Joe你对莎士比亚懂得真多。我真是惊呆了。好吧，我猜我在某时曾看到他们在的

大多数。

Andy：对不起。我迟到了。

Joe：晚来总比不来的好，永远没有为时已晚。 Andy：什么？

Joe：驯悍记第5章第1幕。晚总比从不来得好。 Andy：你们完成编辑了么？让我们上传到互联网吧。

Outside View

Host: Three American cyclists who only have three real legs between them are cycling through Oxford on a trek from Scotland to Greece. The trio sponsored by Otto Bock USA all have prosthetic limbs and are hoping the challenge will raise awareness of the diversity of designs available. Six TV caught up with Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret and Brad Kennedy earlier on today. Cyclist: Yeah it's a little tough, I don‘t like cycling. But you know, if we can, you know help somebody, motivate somebody to get back to an active lifestyle and put their mind to something good, it‘s all worth it.

Reporter: And so what's really the point of this trip?

Cyclist: To raise awareness of the abilities of those with disabilities. If you‘ve lost a limb doesn't mean you sit on a couch. You can still be active; you can lead a healthy lifestyle. And you can do challenges that you may have always wanted to do when you were fully healthy and with two legs. Reporter: And the trip is 2500 miles from Glasgow to Athens. How are you guys coping?

Cycling: Oh, I think we're doing really well. We‘re still in the, this is the first week of riding. We‘re conditioning, we're getting used to the--，we've had spectacular weather, it‘s been, I mean ,we got sunburnt in Scotland. It‘s, we‘re, we‘re getting accustomed to life on the road and every day our pace is increasing and we're getting stronger. So I think it‘s, it‘s marvelous. Reporter: And will you, when you get to Athens, what‘s your plan there?

Cyclist: Hopefully take a little time to rest, relax vacation a little bit, and maybe throw the bike in the ocean, just the good things in life.

Reporter: And what's been the worst, most difficult thing you've come acrossed so far? Cyclist: We've had some very challenging weather and some challenging hills. But

We‘ve actually enjoyed all of it.It‘s been difficult but I think all of the Riding has been good. Reporter: And how are the legs holding up?

Cyclist: Oh great! Now we always say that our prosthetic limbs are the ones that are doing fabulous. It‘s, it‘s the, it‘s the, as we refer to, the meat leg that, that might, might be a little weaker. But everybody's riding really strongly and they're just, just performing marvelously.

主持人：三名只有三条腿的自行车爱好者正在进行一个从苏格兰到希腊的艰苦骑行。这个被OttoBock 赞助的三人组都装有假肢，他们希望通过这个挑战可以提高对多种才能的意识。六套记者在今天早些时候采访了Mick Wright, Sedan Sherret和 Brad Kennedy 骑行者：是的，它确实有点艰难，我不喜欢骑车。但是你要知道，如果我们可以帮助一些人，刺激一些人回到原来的有活力的生活方式中，并且将他们的思想集中在积极的事情上。所有的这些都是值得的。

记者：那么你们此行的真正目的是什么?

骑行者： 提高残疾人对自身能力的认识。失去了一只胳膊并不意味这你只能坐在长椅上。你依然可以是活跃的，你可以拥有一个健康的生活方式。你可以做一些当你在完全健康时候

一直就想接受的挑战。

记者：从格拉斯哥到雅典的旅途一共要2500英里，你们要怎么应付这么长的行程？

骑行者：哦，我觉得我们状态很好。我们正在进行第一周的骑行。我们正在进行调整，逐渐习惯这种惊人的天气，就像在苏格兰，我们都被晒伤了。我们逐渐习惯这种在路上的生活，我们的速度每天都在提高，每天都在变强。所以我想这很了不起。 记者：那么当你们到雅典后，你们有什么计划吗？

骑行者：希望可以花一点时间休息，放松，度假，也许会把自行车扔到大海里。就做一些生活中比较美好的事情。

记者：至今为止，你们面对的最坏的最困难的事情是什么？

骑行者：我们遇到了非常有挑战性的天气和山脉。但是，我们很享受这个过程。虽然骑行很困难但是我感觉很好。

记者：那你们的腿还适应吗？

骑行者：当然。我们现在可以说我们的假肢感觉很棒。虽然比真的腿要弱，但是我们每个人都骑得很有力，这些假肢真的很不可思议。

Listening in Passage1

A US Airways jet landed in the icy Hudson River in New York this afternoon after apparently hitting a flock of geese.Miraculously,no one was killed and there were few injuries.James Moore,our correspondent at the scene,has more.

An Airbus 330 took off from La Guardia Airport.New York,at 3:26pm this afternoon,bound for Charlotte Airport in North Carolina.It had 155 people aboard.Thirty to 45 seconds after take-off,a flock of geese apparently flew into the plane,causing it to lose power in both engines and one engine to catch fire.Without power the plane was unable to return to La Guardia Airport and the pilot decided to land in the Hudson River in order to avoid crashing in a populated area. Two minutes later the plane made a successful landing in the Hudson and passengers were able to climb out through the emergency exits.

The plane immediately started taking in water but fortunately water taxis and boats that had seen the crash were waiting by the aircraft. Passengers and crew stood on the wings of the plane in the icy cold water and were helped into the boats.Over the next hour,as New York watched the event on television,everyone on the plane,including a baby,were taken to hospitals for treatment,mostly because of the extreme cold,Their injuries are not reported to be serious.One of the passengers,Alberto Panero,said people had bugun praying as the plane approached the river but that everyone had stayed clam.

The pilot of the plane has been named as Chesley Sullenberger.Aged 57,he has 29 years experience of flying and at one time had been a US fighter pilot.Sullenberger was the last to leave the plane and walked up and down it twice to make sure it was empty before climbing out.He has already been described as a hero.The Governer of New York,David patersm,said at a news conference this afternoon,―I believe now we've had a miracle on the Hudson.This pilot,somehow without any engines,was somehaw able to land this plane and perhaps without any injuris to the passengers.‖

It is thought that the survival of all on board is because the plane did not break up when it hit water and because of the immediately arrival of the water taxis and boats. 今天下午，一架美国航线喷射机在碰撞上了一群鹅后迫降在冰冷的哈德孙河上，但奇迹般

的没有一个丧生只有少数人受伤。我们在现场的记者詹姆斯穆尔将会做更详尽的报道。 这架空客330在纽约时间下午3点26分从拉瓜地亚机场出发飞往北卡罗莱纳州的夏洛特机场，机上共有155人，起飞30到45秒后，一群鹅撞上了飞机，导致飞机的两个引擎都熄火了，其中一个着火。没有了动力飞机无法返回拉瓜地亚机场因此为了使飞机不坠毁在有人居住的地区飞行员决定降落在哈德孙河上。两分钟以后，飞机成功地降落，乘客们能够从紧急出口爬出飞机。尽管飞机很快进了水，但幸运的是，许多目睹了撞击的水上巴士和船都在飞机旁边等候。机上乘客和工作人员站在机翼上浸在冰冷的河水里然后被救上船。一个小时以后，当纽约人民在电视里看到这场事故时，主要是极度寒冷的关系。机上的每一个人，包括一个小婴儿都被送到医院接受治疗，他们的伤势据说并不严重。其中一个乘客阿尔贝托，帕内罗说，当飞机接近河的时候人们都开始祈祷但是所有的人都保持了镇静。

这架飞机的飞行员名叫切斯里，撒伦伯格尔，今年57岁，有着29年的飞行经验而且曾一度担任过美国战斗机飞行员，撒伦伯格尔是最后一个离开飞机的，而且在爬出去以前他从上上下下下在机舱内走了两遍以确保机舱空无一人，他现在已经称为英雄。纽约市长大卫，佩特森在今天下午的新闻发布会上说：“我相信现在我们有了一个哈德孙河上的奇迹，无论怎样，这位飞行员在没有任何发动机的情况下，能够使飞机安全降落而且几乎没有乘客伤亡。 现在普遍认为由于飞机碰撞到河水时没有裂开而且水上巴士和船只及时赶到，才有了机上乘客全部生还的奇迹。

Passage 2

Streets Full of Heroes

A:Hi,we are asking people who their personal hero is. Someone they really admire and who‘s inspired them in some way. B:Oh,right.Interesting.

A:Can you tell us a bit about yourself?

B:Sure.My name is Paul Smith. I worked at London zoo. A:London zoo? Really?

B:Yes,I‘m a zoo keeper. I look after the elephants.

A:Elephants?what a great job! So who is your hero, Paul?

B:I‘ve got quite a few heroes. But I guess my biggest hero is Al Gore. A:The American politician. So why him?

B:Well,he is the guy who made people take climate change seriously. A:You are referring to the film An Inconvenient Truth, I take it?

B:That‘s right. That film proved to people with statistics and graphs, that kind of thing---that climate change was happening and that it‘s man-made. Before that ,most people believed it was just a few crazy scientists who thought it was happening.

A:You work with animals. Do you worry about the effect of the climate on animals? B：Sure，I do. All these species are going to become extinct. It‘s terrible. A：It is. Would you say Al Gore‘s been an inspiration to you?

B:Yes,I would. He‘s taught me about importance of taking action when you see something that needs to be done. I do volunteer work for Greenpeace---quite a lot actually. That‘s the way I do my bit.

A:Greenpeace?Excellent.Thanks,Paul.Hi,what‘s your name? C:Clare hope.

A:What do you do?

C:Well,I‘m a mum with two young kids and I work part-time as an accountant for the Red Cross.

A:We‘re asking people who their personal hero is and if they‘ve inspired them in any way. C:That‘s an easy one. Melinda Gates, she‘s my hero. A:Why is that?

C:Well,she is Bill Gates‘ wife, one of the richest people in the world. You know ,she could so easily do nothing, just enjoy her money. And instead she co-founded the um… Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and I think that it‘s called---and it is one of the biggest private charity organization in the world. It‘s donated more than 280 million dollars to various good causes. A:More than 280 million dollars? Now that‘s a lot of money. She is very active in it, isn't she? C:Oh yeah, she is a director. Flies all over the world. A:Do you do any work for charity?

C:I make phone calls for Save the Children, asking people to donate. She is a real inspiration, Melinda gates。 A:你好，我们正在调查人们心目中的英雄都是谁。某个他们真的敬仰的以及已经在某些方面上鼓舞他们的人。 B:哦很好，很有趣。

A:你能告诉我们一点关于你自己的情况吗？

B:当然，我叫保罗史密斯。我在伦敦动物园工作。 A:伦敦动物园？真的吗？

B:是，我是一名动物园饲养员。我照顾大象。

A:大象？多伟大的一份工作啊。谁是你心中的英雄，保罗？

B:我心里拥有相当多的英雄，但是我想最大的英雄应该是艾尔戈尔。 A:那个美国政治家，那么为什么是他呢？

B:恩，他是那个使人们严肃对待气候变化的人。

A:你参考了那部电影，难以忽视的真相，我说的对吧？ B:是的。那部电影用统计的数据和图表等这类的资料向人们证明了气温变化正在发生而且那是人类造成的。在这之前，大多数人们认为这仅是一些疯狂的科学家认为它在发生而已。 A:你从事动物工作。那你会担心气候对动物的影响吗？

B:当然，我会的。所有的这些都物种即将会灭绝了。这很糟糕。

A:的确是这样。你会说艾尔已经对你来说成为一名鼓舞人心的人了吗？ B:是的，我会。他教会我当你看到一些事情需要被做的时候就要采取行动的重要性。事实上，我为绿色和平组织做了很多的志愿工作。这是我尽我一点贡献的方式。 A:绿色和平组织？非常好。谢谢你保罗。你好，你叫什么名字？ C:克莱尔贺普 A:您是做什么的？

C:恩，我是一个有两个小孩子的妈妈。而且我兼职为红十字会做会计。

A:我们正在调查人们心目中的英雄都是谁而且他们是否已经以任何一种方式鼓舞到人们。 C:这很简单。梅琳达盖茨，她是我心中的英雄。 A:为什么呢？

C:她是世界首富之一的比尔盖茨的夫人。你知道，她什么都不用做就能简单地享受她的钱财。然而她合创了Bill 和Melinda gates基金会，我认为是这么这样称呼的。而且这是世界最大的私人慈善组织之一。它已经捐献了超过280,000,000美元为各种各样的慈善的原因。 A:超过280，000,000美元？现在这是很大一笔钱啊。她非常的积极投身于慈善事业，不是

吗？

C:哦，是的。她是一名主管。会飞往全球各个地方。 A:你为慈善做过什么工作吗？

C:我在救助儿童会中负责打电话，号召人们捐献。梅琳达盖茨真的是一个鼓舞人心的人。

Unit 8

Inside view Part 1

Janet:So do you come here often,Joe?

Joe:Yes,most weekends.It’s the kind of thing a lot of Londoners do when they’ve got some time off.

Janet:So do you feel like a Londoner,Joe?

Joe:Yes,I think so.You don’t have to be born a Londoner to feel like one. Janet:Is it only open on Saturday?

Andy:It’s open all week,but there are a lot more stalls open from Friday to Sunday. Janet:What time does it open?

Joe:It’s open between 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Janet:6 o’clock.That’s quite early!

Joe:Well,after six,everyone goes out to the pubs and restaurants and the clubs.So it gets pretty lively in the evening.It’s a very trendy kind of place. Janet:And it’s got clothes and jewelley and? Andy:They sell pretty well everything here.

Janet:It’s very colourful.Is it a special occasion? Joe:No,just an ordinary weekend.But it’s true that on holiday weekends,it gets very busy. Andy:And all around here there are movie houses and clubs,and all sorts of cool places to hang out.That’s the Electric Ballroom down there? Janet:What’s that?

Andy:It’s one of the great clubs in London,all sorts of bands have played there. Janet:I’ve never been to a club.It must be fun. Andy:OK,are you busy tonight? Janet:Er,why do you ask?

Andy:Maybe we could go there?Have you any plans? Janet:I’d love to,but I’m afraid I? Andy:OK,no problem.Maybe some other time. 珍妮：那么乔你经常来这里吗？

乔：是的，大多数周末我都来。来这里是许多伦敦人一有时间就会做得事情。 珍妮：那你觉得自己像个伦敦人吗，乔？

乔：是的，我是这样觉得。你并不一定得在伦敦出生才能觉得自己像伦敦人。 珍妮：市场只在周六开吗？

安迪：市场每天都开，但更多的货摊在周五到周日营业。 珍妮：它什么时间开始营业呢？

乔：它的营业时间是上午十点到下午六点。

珍妮：下午六点就关门了。真早啊！

乔：那是，六点之后，所有人都去酒吧或者饭店和俱乐部。所以傍晚会显得很生气勃勃。 那是个非常吸引人的地方。

珍妮：而且那里还有衣服和珠宝? 安迪：他们这里销售几乎所有的东西。

珍妮：这里看起来五彩缤纷。这是个特殊的时节么？

乔：不是的，仅仅是个普通的周末。但一到假日这里的确变得非常热闹。

安迪：而且在这周围有电影院和俱乐部，以及各种可以闲逛的地方。那边就是电子舞厅? 珍妮：那是什么？

安迪：那是伦敦很棒的俱乐部中之一，各种各样的的乐队都曾在那里表演。 珍妮：我从来没有去过俱乐部。那一定很有趣吧。 安迪：好的，那你今晚忙吗？ 珍妮：嗯，为什么这样问啊？

安迪：也许我们可以去那里啊？你有什么计划吗？ 珍妮：我想去，但我担心我?

安迪：那好，没关系。也许下次吧。

Part 2

Janet:People always seem to be having fun in London!Camden Mrket was great! Joe:Great for shopping!

Andy:Well,there are lots and lots of festivals of film and music.And there are also quite a few street festivals,lik the Notting Hill Carnival. Janet:OK,and what happens?

Andy:I’ll show you some footage from last year.

Notting Hill is a district of London,and it has a large West Indian community.So at Carnival,the kids and adults go on a parade through th streets,wearing these amazing costumes and dancing to llive Caribbean music. Joe:And there’s lots of street food,and music and parties going on along the Carnival route.Yes,it is great fun.

Janet:And does everyone in London go to watch ?

Joe: Well,it attracts about two million people a year. Janet:Wow!And when does it happen?

Andy:It takes place at the end of August,although the usual time fo Carnival for the rest of the world is February. Janet:What does Carnival mean?

Joe:It’s a festival which takes place in many Catholic countries 40 days before Easter,after which everyone is meant to eat and drink only mederately.And the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro in Brazil is probably the best-known,but ther are also carnivals in other cities.

Janet:But then why is the Notting Hill Carnival in August?

Joe:Beacause for the rest of the year, the whether is awful.Anyway,we’d better be going now,Janet. Janet:Oh,yes. Andy:Go where?

Joe:I invited Janet to a jazz concert this evening.It starts in half an hour. Janet: Bye Andy.Take care!

Andy:Bye Janet,look after yourself.

珍妮：伦敦大概是人们常来玩的地方。肯顿市场真棒！ 乔：购物的好地方！

安迪：这里有许许多多的电影节和音乐节。这里还有相当多的街道节日像诺丁山狂欢节。 珍妮：那会发生什么呢？0

安迪：我会向你展示一些去年的镜头。诺丁山是伦敦的一个地区，这里有一个很大的西印第安社区。 所以在狂欢节期间，孩子和成年人们会身着奇装艳服，在街头伴着加勒比风格的音乐载歌载舞。

乔：在狂欢节进行的过程中有许多街道特有的食物、音乐和聚会。的确十分有趣。 珍妮：那是不是所有在伦敦的人都会去观看呢？ 乔：它每年吸引了将近两百万的人。 珍妮：哇！那狂欢节什么时候开始呢？

安迪：虽然其他地方的狂欢节都是在二月举行的，但这里的狂欢节在八月底举行。 珍妮：狂欢节有什么涵义呢？ 乔：那是复活节四十天之前在信奉天主教的国度里进行的节日，节日后人们只能有节制地吃喝。在巴西里约热内卢举行的狂欢节或许是最出名的，但在其它城市也有狂欢节。 珍妮：但为什么诺丁山狂欢节在八月举行呢？

乔：因为每年的其他时间天气都很糟糕。不管怎样，我们最好现在就走吧，珍妮。 珍妮：嗯，好。 安迪：去哪？

乔：我邀请了珍妮今晚去参加一个爵士音乐会。再过半个小时就开始了。 珍妮：再见，安迪。小心！

安迪：再见，珍妮。照顾好自己。

Cross-cultural Awareness Holidays and Customs

This week ,on Cross-cultural Awarenes ,Holidays and Customs in Asia we meet some international students who are attending school in California. Many students here are Asian.Asian celebrate a lunar New Year ,so the exact date changes every year .New Year is the biggest holiday in Asia cultures. The holidays lasts for 15 days and ends with a lantern festival on the full moon. This woman used to live in Vietnam.Shenow lives in California.\calendar and so， urn， our New Year is usually in the springtime.Our ,the calendar here in American ,so we celebrate it in February -Marchish.That's probably one of my favorite Vietnamese holidays\the old year and to welcome the new year.They usually don't wash their hair on New Year's .Washing hair washes away good luck for the coming year.This woman used to live in Shanghai,China.She remembers a tradition that brings good luck and wealth to children.\special custom for Chinese New Year,is that parents give their children red envelops of money\Red is an important color because it means happiness.People use red paper to write special messages of happiness like this one \the Star of Happiness,the Star of Wealth,the Star of Longevity shine on you!\observe many special customs at the New Year's.They spend several days before the holiday cleaning the house completely and decorating the house with flowers and plants.Flower arrangements often including pine branches ,bamboo and

blossoms.Blooming flowers are placed around the home .Flowers are important because flowers will turn into friut.Friuts with special meanings are served during New Year's.Oranges and tangerines symbolize happiness,coconuts represent togetherness and lychee nuts represent strong family relationship.Other foods have special meanings too,A whole fish represents togetherness and bamboo shoots mean happiness to everyone.Noodles represent long life . Asians don't cut noodles ,this is considered unlucky.Tofu is one food that Asians never eat during this holidays.Tofu is unlucky because it is white.In Asian cultures,the color white signifies death,Meals during New Year's are very important in Asia,But,there are special rituals and customs during mealtimes all year long .The Chinese are gracious hosts.For the most part,Chinese people are very like,urn ,they're very generous like they always insist on hosting and they would never serve themselves food before other people,like ,if you are sitting at a table ,they'd divvy it out,urn,you'll always pourtea for other people before yourself.\south Korea ,there are a little different.\has a custom of eating together urn in,in a family setting with ,there's a base soup and all these side dishes and the family eats together.Um,I think in American you get your own plate and you kind of share the dishes but, urn, in Korea you kind of dig in together \We asked these Asian students if there are American customs that they don't like In general ,Asian students felt that Americans don't show enough respect for their elders.\bother me sometimes the way I see, urn, more American kids speak to their, um ,how they address their their parents in public And I ,I really respect the fact that in Vietnam wo hold it so high ,um, the elders and how the younger generation treats them。‖And then ,we asked Asian students what customs they like here in the United States ,\don't have that in Korea and Thankgiving is a good ,you know great holiday, to give thanks for your family and frrends and all you have. 翻译

本期的全球文化大观节目中，我们关注的是亚洲的传统节日及其风俗习惯。我们采访了一些就读于加利福亚洲的国际留学生，其中有很大一部分是亚洲留学生。亚洲人所庆祝的阴历新年如果按照阳历算的话每年的具体日期都是变化的，在亚洲文化中它是最为盛大的节日，他延续15天在满月高悬的正月十五以元宵节结束，这位现居加利福尼亚的女士曾经居住在越南。―我们是按照阴历来计算日期的因此如果按照阳历计算的话我们的新年通常都是在春季我们在二三月之间庆祝这个盛大的节日。它也许是我最喜欢的越南节日之一了。‖亚洲人通常在这个欢庆的日子里放炮竹来辞旧迎新。新年期间他们通常不洗头发因为他们认为那样会洗去来年的好运。这位曾经居住在中国上海的女士记得一些为儿童带来好运和富贵的传统做法，―对于中国式新年来说，一个最特殊的习俗就是长辈给晚辈红包。‖红色是一个重要的颜色因为它是幸福快乐的象征。人们在红纸上书写一些吉利话如―幸福永远，富贵吉祥，长命百岁‖等等。亚洲人在新年期间有各式习俗，在春节到来之前，他们会事先彻底打扫房间，用美丽的鲜花和盆栽来装饰屋子。配饰物通常有鲜艳怒放的鲜花和青翠欲滴的树枝以及苍竹。盛开的鲜花在每个人家都随处可见。花的一个重要意义就在于它会结果，新年期间，人们可以享用大量被赋予特殊意义的水果，柑橘代表的是快乐，椰子代表的是团圆，荔枝代表亲密友好的家庭关系。另有一些食物也有特殊的意义，一整条鱼代表着团聚，竹筒饭代表每个人都幸福而面条则代表着长寿。亚洲人不切断面条因为那是不吉利的做法。新年期间，豆腐是禁忌品。因为在亚洲的文化中，豆腐般的白色是代表死亡的。除新年之外，整年之中在宴席上都有一些非常正式和特殊的风俗。中国人们非常的热情好客，大部分中国人们非常慷慨，他们总是在宴请客人而且绝不在客人吃完之前用餐。他们热衷于分享，总是以客人为尊。在南韩，饮食习惯稍有不同，―韩国南部的人们有喜欢聚餐的传统，一家人围坐在桌子旁边，

桌子上面摆着一碗热气腾腾的底汤，两边放着各式美味的菜肴，一家人畅享美食，其乐融融。就我个认为，在美国各人享用各自盘子里的食物，但是在韩国是大家一起分享的。‖我们询问亚洲学生美国是否有他们不认同的习俗。总的来说，他们普遍认为，美国人对长辈没有给出应有的尊重。―美国小孩对父母说话的方式和在公共场合谈到父母的用词有时实在让我困扰。毫不夸张地说，在越南，我们非常敬重长辈，而且年轻人对长辈也很恭敬。‖―就我个人而言，敬重长辈是至关重要的！‖然后我们又询问他们美国是否有他们喜爱的节日，―我认为感恩节非常不错，因为韩国并没有这样的一个节日。它是一个很好的平台来向你的家人朋友以及你所拥有的一切表达你发自内心的感激!‖

Listening In Part I

A:What's this you're making jack, a dummy? C:It's called a guy.

B:Yes we're finishing it now, we've stuffed old clothes with newspapers, haven't we jack? C:Yes it is really cool.

A:But what's it for? Some kinds of game for jack?

B:Kind of, it's Guy Fawkes night tomorrow. Actually, the proper name is Bonfire Night.

A:Oh, yeah the firework celebration! So, you're making a guy and it's Guy Fawkes Night tomorrow, Jack. What are you going to do with this guy.

B:We're going to put him on the bonfire and burn him. Aren't we Jack? I'm going to have lots of fireworks and eat sausages and baked potatoes round the bonfire. C:Yes we are. Lots of sausages. A:So what's the story? B:Do you want to hear it? A:Sure!

B:Well, sometimes right at the start of the 17th century, I thinks it was 1605, something like that. When James First was the king of England, there was a plot to blow up Parliament. A:A plot to blow up Parliament? Wow! Sounds very modern!

B:It does, doesn't it? Anyway, this group of people tried to blow up Parliament with the king and all his family and most of the aristocracy inside. A:That was quite a plan.

B:Yes, Guy Fawkes was one of the plotters, but wasn't the leader. A:He wasn't?

B:No. I think he was involved because he knew a lot of the explosives. Anyway, these plotter hit the explosives in the cellar beneath Parliament. And Fawkes, Guy Fawkes, was caught just as he was trying to light the explosives.

A:So, if the king's men had arrived a few minutes later, Parliament would have blown up?

B:No, because the king's men had already found the explosives and were just waiting to catch the plotters, which they did.

A:Uh, what happened to the plotters?

B:They were killed. And November the 5th , which was the day they were caught has been celebrated ever since. There's a great rhyme about it, isn't it, Jack? Remember, remember, can you say it?

C:Remember, remember, the fifth of November. Gunpowder, treason and plot. I see no reason,

why gunpowder treason. Should ever be forgot.

B:Very good! So every November 5th people started building bonfires and making dummies of Guy Fawkes. And everyone loves it, actually. It's a great excuse for a firework display. A:你在做什么呢，杰克？是一个人体模型么？ C:这叫一个人（盖伊）。

B:是的我们正要完成它了，我们已经用旧报纸为他做好了衣服，不是么，杰克？ C:是啊，这简直太酷了！

A:但做这个干什么呢？是为杰克准备的游戏么？ B:差不多算是吧，明晚就是―盖伊·福克斯之夜‖了。事实上，它有个专有名词叫―篝火之夜‖。 A:噢对对对，是那个焰火庆典！所以，你们正在制作一个人体模型，然后明晚又是―盖伊·福克斯之夜‖。杰克，你要拿这个模型做什么呢？

B:我们打算把它扔进篝火里烧了它！不是么，Jack？我打算去放很多很多的焰火，然后围坐在篝火边吃香肠、烤土豆。 C:耶～我们要吃好多好多香肠。 A:那么，这有什么典故么？ B:你想听么？ A:当然！

B:嗯，就在17世纪初的某个时刻，我觉得是1605年或者差不多那个时候，当英国国王是詹姆士一世时，有人密谋引爆议会大厦。

A:有个要引爆议会大厦的阴谋？哇！看起来蛮有好莱坞大片的感觉嘛……

B:不是么？总之，有那么一小组人试图在国王全家以及贵族在议会大厦里面时引爆炸弹。 A:听起来倒像是一个不错的计划。 B:是哈，盖伊·福克斯就是阴谋的策划者之一，但并不是整个阴谋的领导。 A:他不是啊？

B:不是啦。我觉得他只是因为对炸药比较了解才参与到计划中的。反正，这些阴谋者试图引爆在议会大厦地下室的炸弹。但福克斯，就是盖伊·福克斯，却就在他要引爆炸弹的时候被逮了个正着。

A:这么说，如果国王的护卫迟了几分钟到，那议会大厦就不复存在了？

B:不不不，其实国王护卫早就发现了爆炸物，所以就在那里守株待兔，等着阴谋策划者来自投罗网。

A:呃……那那些人最后怎样了？

B:他们当然被处决了啊，在11月5日，从此以后他们被抓这天也被作为是纪念庆祝的一天。关于这有一首很棒的诗，不是么杰克？惦念，惦念……诶你记得不？

C:惦念，惦念，十一月的第五天。炸药、叛逆与阴谋。我不知为何会，有炸弹的叛逆。永远不该被遗忘。

B:太棒了！所以每年的11月5日，人们就会放焰火，制作盖伊·福克斯的人体模型。事实上每个人都很喜欢这个节日，因为这为焰火展会提供了一个很好的理由。 Presenter: Well,we've only got 15 hours to go to Christmas and people are frantically rushing around buying last-minute Christmas prensent.But how do people really think about these big festivals? Do we actually enjoy them ?Bella,you 're psychologist.How do you feel about Christmas?

Bella: I have mixed feelings about it.It's basically a religous festival.but

I'm not a religous person .So it dosen't have that kind

of meaning to me .And these days,I think for many people it's primarily a reason for families to get together,eat a lot of good food and give each other presents. Presenter: That's a good enough reason,isn't it?

Bella: Oh,absolutely.It's very important for families to have a special meal together and for people to show their love each other.And children love it,the excitement of thinking that Father Christmas will come down the chimney and leave them presents.But at the same time,I worry about its commercialization.

Presenter: Ted,you're American,a jounalist.What's your attitude to Thanksgiving?

Ted: I love it,and almost all Americans do I think.It's Amerians' favourite holiday-takes place on the fourth thursday in November.

Presenter: So it's a moveable feast?I didn't know that.

Ted: It is.Everyone comes home and as its name suggests.It's a time to give thanks for everything we have . Presenter: What do you eat?

Ted: Traditionally,we eat turkey,sweet potatoes and pumpkin.It's a huge meal-in a way,the festival is the meal. Presenter: Is it as commercialized as Christmas?

Ted: Probably.But you know for many people,it's a very happy occasion.And one important thing we do at thanksgiving is we collect food for people who have very little.

Presenter: Admirable!Douglas,as a Scot,what's the most importent festival of the year for you? Douglas: Hogmanay,of course.

Presenter: It's acyually more important than Christmas?

Douglas: Now,that's an English person speaking.I'm Sots and Hogmanay is the most important festival of the year for us.It's on December 31st. Obviously,it's New Year's Eve.But it can continue until the 2nd or 3rd of Junaury.It's a big party really,an excuse to eat and drink I think.But it's a very old tradition.Christmas and Hogmanay are both examples of winter solslitic festival-the shortest day of the year.I'd imagine that every culture has always celebrated it in some forms or other. Presenter: I think many festivals were originally connected with seasons. Douglas: Absolutely!For example...

主持人: 好吧,我们仅有15小时的时间来迎接圣诞节.大 家都匆忙准备着最后的圣诞礼物.但是人们对

这些盛大节日有什么看法呢?大家真的喜欢它们吗?贝拉,你

是心理学家，你认为呢?

贝拉： 关于圣诞我有不同的想法。它基本上是宗教节日，但 我不是信奉宗教的人。从这一点来说，它对我没什么 意义。这些天来，我又认为，对于很多人来说， 圣诞是一个好的理由让一家人聚集在一起，吃好吃 的食物，互送礼物。

主持人：这确实是一个好理由，不是吗？

贝拉： 当然是，对于一家人来说，一起吃一顿特别的饭 并且互相表达对彼此的关爱是很重要的。小孩也 喜欢圣诞节，想到圣诞老人将要来给他们送礼物， 他们很激动。但与此同时，我忧虑它的商业化。 主持人 泰德你是美国人，一个记者，你关于感恩节的态度 是怎样的？

泰德： 我喜欢它，我认为几乎每个美国人都喜欢。这是美 国人最喜欢的假期，感恩节是在11月的第四个星期 四。

主持人：所以它是可以灵活安排的，我之前都不知道。 泰德： 是的，就像它名字暗含的意义一样，每个人回到家 里，对他们所拥有的一切表示感谢。 主持人：在那天你们吃什么？

泰德： 传统上，我们是火鸡，甜土豆，还有南瓜。这是 一顿很丰盛的晚餐，从某种意义上，感恩节就是 一顿晚餐。

主持人：它也像圣诞节一样被商业化了吗？

泰德： 或许吧，但你要知道，对很多人来说，它也是很 开心的时刻。而且，在感恩节我们做的一件重要 的事就是我们收集食物，送给那些吃不饱的人们。 这也是我们的传统之一。

主持人：很令人敬佩。道格拉斯，作为一个苏格兰人，你 认为一年中最重要的节日是什么？ 道格拉斯：当然是除夕。

主持人： 它实际上比圣诞还重要吗？

道格拉斯：这只是英国人的说法。我是苏格兰人，对于我们 来说它是最重要的。它是在12月31日，新年的 前一天。但它可以持续到1月2号或3号。我认为 它真的是一个很大的晚会，一个可以痛快吃喝 的理由。但它也是一个非常古老的传统。除夕

和圣诞都是冬至的象征。它们都是一年中最短的一天.我想象出每个文化总 会以不同的方式庆祝冬至。

支持人：我认为许多节日的起源都与季节有关。 道格拉斯：对的，例如...

Uint 9

Inside View

Coversation1

Janet:Here we are again. I love English pubs.They are so cosy.

Andy:Yeah,this is our local.I suppose it is quite traditional. Many of them are being turned into more modern bars with loud music. Janet:I think I prefer traditional pubs. Andy:I'm with you on that.

Janet:But I'm never quite sure how to get served.

There don't seem to be any waiters.It's different from the bars in China.

Andy:Well,we usually buy and pay for drinks at the bar and then find somewhere to sit down. Oh! What are you having? Janet:An orange juice please.

Andy:An orange juice and I'll have a half of bitter,please. Barman:Right there sir.

Andy:Talking of music, how was the concert? Janet:What concert?

Andy:The one you went with Joe. Janet:Did you mind?

Andy:Me?NO! Why should I mind?

Janet:Of course not.Actually I didn't really want to go,but joe... Joe:Hey guys, what are you having? Andy:You buying?

Joe: Your turn next time. Andy: He's paying.

Barman:Here you go,a half of bitter and an orange juice.That'll be ￡3.10 please.

Janet:Going back to pubs.Why do pubs have such strange names? I mean,this is the Duke of York and we just past The Bull.

Andy:Well,let's ask the barman.Why is this pub called the Duke of York? Barman: I'll be right with you,sir. I'll just serve those customers.

Janet：我们又来到了这里。我爱英国的酒吧，环境是如此的温馨。

Andy:是啊，这是我们的特色酒吧，我认为这非常的传统。大多数的酒吧被现代化了，它们放着嘈杂的音乐。

Janet：我想我宁可选择传统的酒吧。 Andy:我跟你有同样的想法。

Janet：但是我不确定传统的酒吧是怎么服务的，看起来并没有服务生什么的。与中国的酒吧很不一样。

Andy:事实上，通常我们先在吧台点好饮料并且付清钱，然后再找地方坐下来享用。对了！你需要喝点什么吗？

Janet：请给我一杯橙汁。

Andy:一杯橙汁与一杯半脱苦啤酒，谢谢。 Barman:马上好，先生。

Andy:说到音乐，演唱会如何？ Janet：什么演唱会？

Andy:上次你与JOE一同去的那一个。 Janet：你很在意吗？

Andy:我？不！我怎么会在意呢？

Janet：其实那次出行并非出于我本意，但是考虑到JOE。。。 Joe：嘿，你们要喝点什么吗？ Andy:你请客么？

Joe：好的，下次换你。 Andy:他付钱。

Barman：请拿好，一杯半脱苦啤酒，一杯橙汁。一共是3.10英镑，谢谢。

Janet：回到关于酒吧的话题。为什么酒吧都有如此奇怪的名字呢？我的意思是，这家的名字是“约克公爵”，我们在路上还路过一家叫“公牛”的呢。

Andy：既然如此，那就来请教酒吧店主吧。为什么这家酒吧叫做“约克公爵”呢？ Barman：请允许我离开一下，先生。我得先去服务那些客人。

Conversation2

Barman: Now.Young man,where was I?

Andy:I asked you about the name of this pub.

Barman:Oh well.All the land around here used to belong to the Duke of York. Andy:And what about The Bull down the road?

Barman:In fact there are several types of pub names.First of all, royalty and landowners, like Duke of York. Then there are lots of other pubs named after animals like The Bull. Joe: You sound as if you know something about pub names.

Barman:Well,many of the older pubs come from a time when not many people could read. So they needed to show the name of the pub clearly on the sign. And the most common names are the ones which were easiest to illustrate. Er, excuse me a moment.I'll just go and serve these gentleman. Janet:The other day I saw one called the Lamb and Flag. Andy:I think that's a symbol taken from the Bible. Barman:Now, where do I leave off.

Joe:You were telling us about pub names.

Barman:Ok,got you.Then there are other pubs named after objects,like the flask, and let me see.Oh places,such as the Bedford Arms, or job like the Bricklayers Arms.And what else? My mind is going blank! Oh of course, another type is myths and legends, so there are many pubs called St George and the Dragon.

Janet:Who was the St George and dragon?

Andy:There's a myth about St George who killed the evil dragon.St George is the national symbol of England.

Janet:Evil Dragon? Chinese dragons aren't evil.They're symbol of power.

Barman: And now I think I'd better go and look after my customers.So if you excuse me,I'll leave you to it.

Janet:That was fascinating.It was great talking to you.

Joe: That was news to me. Talking of myths and legends, let's get on with planning the interview about mysterious London.

Barman:现在，小伙子，我们刚刚说到哪了？ Andy:我请教您关于我家酒吧的名字呢。

Barman:哦，想起来了。这一块地带曾经是属于约克公爵的，所以我以约克公爵命名的。 Andy:那路尽头那家“公牛”又有什么典故呢？

Barman:事实上，这里有许多不同类型的酒吧名。首先，大多以皇室或是地主为名字，好比“约克公爵”。再来，不少其他酒吧则是以动物的名字来命名，好比“公牛”。 Joe:听起来您对于酒吧的命名很是有些研究。

Barman:这么说吧，许多稍微有些年代的酒吧建立于一个人们不怎么懂得阅读的时代，所以酒吧店主们需要通过标志来清楚的展示酒吧的名字。而最为常见的名字即是那些最容易以图片形式展示的名字。呃，请允许我离开一会，去为这些绅士提供服务。 Janet:前几天我曾开到一家叫做“羊羔与旗帜”的酒吧。 Andy:我想那是一个来自于圣经的符号。 Barman:现在，我刚刚说到哪里了？ Joe:您正向我们介绍关于酒吧的命名。

Barman:好的，我想起来了。再之后，有一些酒吧以物体的名字来命名，比如用小酒瓶来命名。让我想想。哦，还有的则是以一些地名或工作来命名，好比贝尔福德及砌砖工等。还有一个是什么呢？我有些想不起来了。哦！对了，另一种是以神话或传奇的形式来命名的，所以有不少的酒吧叫做“圣乔治与龙”。 Janet:谁是圣乔治与龙呢？

Andy:这是一个关于杀死恶龙的英雄—圣乔治的神话。圣乔治是英格兰的国徽。 Janet:邪恶的龙？中国的龙可不邪恶，它们可是力量的象征。

Barman:我想现在我必须要去照看我的客人了，不介意的话，我将离开。 Janet:很高兴能跟您聊天，这真是是太棒了。

Joe:这对我来说还真是新鲜。提到神话与传说，让我们开始计划关于神秘伦敦的采访吧。

Outside View

The Royal Family are far from the typicl British family.They don‘t live in normal houses,they don‘t have normal cars-and they don‘t have normal jobs.Another thing is that they hardly ever use their surname.They generally refer to themselves by their royal title and their first name-Queen Elizabeth,Prince Charles,Princess Anne,or Prince William and Prince Henry,for example.

The additional letters HRH are used for princes and princesses and stand for his(or her)Royal Highness.The Queen herself is often referred to as simply Her Majesty.Historically,the mondachy didn‘t have surnames.They were referred to by the name the dynasty they led,such as the Tudors,the Stuarts or the House of Hanover of which dynasty Queen Victoria ,who died in 1901,was the last monarch.

This convention changed in 1917 when Queen Elizabeth the 2nd ?s grandfather ,Goerge the 5th,decided that he and his descendarts should bear the surname Windsor and the dynasty became known as the House of Windsor.The Royal Family had German connections-Queen Victoria‘s husband Prince Albert was German-born,and since Britain and Germany were at war,Goerge the 5th decided to adopt a british surname.Instead of the German sounding name ,Saxe-Coburg-Gotha,he chose the name Windsor after their popular family castle of that name which is situated to the west to London.Since then all royals have been given the official surname of Windsor,even though it is rarely used by them or anyone else.In 1960,Queen Elizabeth the 2nd modified this decision by adding the surname of her husband,Prince Philip,otherwise known as Lord Mountbatten,to the royal surname.All her children were to take the name Mountbatten-Windsor.

However,the British royals don‘t used this name very often either.The Queen‘s eldest son Charlse,as recorded in the marriage register at his wedding to Lady Diana Spenser,was his Royal

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