2017届上海市杨浦区高三英语三模

杨浦区 2016 学年度第二学期高三模拟测试

英语学科试卷

2017.5

第 I 卷 （共 100 分）

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A

In CCTV’s annual consumer-protection show earlier this month, the international sportswear giant Nike was accused of false advertising. Commercials (21)________ (promote) the ―Hyperdunk‖ basketball shoes claimed the product is equipped with high-tech air cushions. The CCTV program, however, revealed that the product didn’t come with the feature. Consumers were apparently misled.

This is, in fact, not the first time Nike (22)________ (catch) cheating Chinese consumers. Back in

2011, consumers complained that that year’s ―Hyperdunk‖ sneakers didn’t have the (23)________

(advertise) air cushions in them, either. Such wrongdoings might not mark the end of Nike (24)________ a respectable and reliable brand among loyal shoppers, but Nike needs to realize that (25)________ one day consumers’ trust in it vanishes（消失）, so will its sales. By then, it will be impossible for the brand to restore its reputation.

China is an important base for Nike (26)________ it accounts for about ten percent of the company’s market. Over the past three decades, numerous NBA greats, from Michael Jordan to LeBron James, have been shown wearing Nike’s gear, proving its quality.

Placing misleading advertisements once again has dampened some consumers’ trust in Nike. Fortunately, Nike issued a timely apology last week, offering a 4500-yuan refund, (27)________ is three times the cost of the shoes. These gestures show that the company has somewhat realized its mistake and wants to re-establish consumers’ trust in it.

Sportswear companies often push the truth of their products by having famous athletes wearing them. If Usain Bolt is seen in a commercial (28)________ (dash) with Nike, it might be implied that the shoes (29)________ enable you to run faster. However, there are limits to (30)________ can be said to promote a product. With lying comes distrust, and with distrust comes collapse. That’s why Nike, and any other company, needs to be more careful with advertising in the future.

Section B

G. rest

A. changing

B. available C. exposure D. worsen

E. sensitive

H. shaded I. reflections J. interrupted K. fighting

F. density

Are your eyes dry, watery, seeing double or __31__ to light, and do your back and neck ache? If so,

you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain （视疲劳）, also called computer-vision syndrome.

Eyestrain is often related to the amount of __32__ to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens at the same time. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in __33__ sleep patterns at night.

Scientists have stated that eyestrain is not a necessary evil, even in a modern world that circles around technology. Sometimes __34__ some simple details about your relative position to screens, such as staying

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about 60 centimeters away, will help. Also, avoid overhead and other direct sources of light, and use __35__ lamps and window blinds while looking at digital devices instead.

Beyond the ways that you relate to digital screens, there are also ways to change how you view screens that are helpful in __36__ eyestrain. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution （高分辨率）, and may require a screen filter to decrease __37__. Also, be aware that ―computer glasses,‖ which cut down glare（刺眼的光）and blue light, are __38__ on the market.

Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens that only __39__ the effects of eyestrain. When viewing digital screens, many people blink（眨眼）one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to ―blink!‖ so that your eyes don’t dry out. Also, __40__ your eyes’ focusing muscles by using the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, focus on something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

There are many other methods used to help relieve eyestrain, so find what works for you rather than giving in to tired vision. III. Reading Comprehension Section A

University educators largely think highly of the wonders of teaching through technology. However, critics __41__ whether something is lost when professors and lectures rely too heavily on electronic media or when __42__ with students takes place remotely — in cyberspace（网络空间）

__43__ the real space of the classroom. Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht, the Professor of Literature at Stanford University, is one such critic. ―I think this enthusiastic and sometimes childish and __44__ pushing toward the more technology the better, the more websites the better teacher, is very dangerous — is indeed __45__,‖ he indicates.

However, Gumbrecht warns that there are few studies either supporting or rejecting the hypothesis (假设) that traditional ways of teaching are __46__ to teaching via the Internet. He says that he could point only to his ―feeling that real classroom presence should be __47__‖, and emphasizes the need for

educator to examine critically where technology __48__ a useful teaching function and where it does not. Yet, Gumbrecht allows that, for courses in which knowledge transmission is the only purpose, electronic media probably can do the job well enough. Indeed, as a result

of 20th century’s knowledge __49__ and the increasing costs of higher education, using technology for the transmission of information is probably __50__, he admits. However, knowledge transmission should not be the most important function of the university, he maintains, __51__ that universities should be places where people face open questions, places for ―intellectual complexity‖ and ―riskful thinking‖.

―We are not about finding or transmitting solutions; we are not about recipes; we are not about making intellectual life easy. Challenging complexity is what __52__ your mind. It is something like intellectual gymnastics. And this is what makes you a suitable member of the society.‖ Moreover, discussions in the physical presence of others can lead to the intellectual __53__. ―There’s a(an) __54__ change, and you don’t know how it happens. Discussions in the physical presence have the capacity of being the catalyst (催化剂) for such intellectual breakthroughs. The possibility of in-classroom teaching — of letting something happen which cannot happen if you teach by the transmission of information — is its __55__.‖

41. A. deny

42. A. combination 43. A. more than 44. A. blind

45. A. impersonal 46. A. superior B. question B. cooperation B. less than B. tough B. disastrous B. related C. object

C. presentation C. rather than C. passive C. illogical C. opposed

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D. comment D. interaction D. other than D. rough D. immoral D. equal

47. A. approved 48. A. serves 49. A. evaluation 50. A. affordable 51. A. confirming 52. A. expands 53. A. decline 54. A. qualitative 55. A. criticism

B. reformed B. conveys B. evolution B. flexible B. urging B. limits B. innovation B. irregular B. strength C. maintained C. delivers C. emission C. inevitable C. complaining C. comforts C. consequence C. protective C. demonstration D. removed D. identifies D. explosion D. predictable D. noting D. awakes D. formation D. minor

D. involvement Section B

(A)

Talking to human-like devices can be great fun—just ask Siri to tell you a joke. But it may also lead to problems.

A recent study by scientists from the University of Kansas in the US found that human-like devices keep people from seeking out normal human interaction when they feel lonely.

During a series of experiments, participants were asked to write about a time when they felt lonely. They also took part in an online game of ―catch‖ against a computer program that was designed to ―throw‖ the ball to other players more often, but participants believed they were playing with real people online.

Participants were then introduced to human-like products, including a vacuum cleaner（真空吸尘器） designed to appear as if it were smiling. They were also asked to think about their phone in human-like terms, considering questions like ―how much does it help you?‖

The results showed that the participants were happy with the comfort they got from the machines and didn’t need to seek out normal human interaction.

Generally, when people feel socially excluded, they seek out other ways to reduce the feeling of loneliness. Normal ways include increasing their number of social media friends or engaging in behaviors to seek out interaction with other people, according to Jenny Olson, assistant professor of marketing at KU.

But it wasn’t all bad news, as the team found that there were limits to how far this effect would extend.

―As soon as we tell people we know that it looks like the vacuum cleaner is smiling, they seemed to realize it was a machine and not a person,‖ Olson told Daily Mail. ―The effect goes away. This seems to be happening on a very subconscious level.‖

Researchers believe the results are important for consumers to realize how these types of products could affect their social interaction with real people, especially because so many new products feature interactivity.

―If someone notices they are talking more to Siri lately, maybe that has something to do with feeling lonely,‖ Olson said. ―From that standpoint, it’s important to be aware of it.‖

The study could also help companies design products that can increase the well-being of people who feel lonely, without sacrificing normal social interaction.

―Maybe it is more about improving our current relationships,‖ Olson said, ―such as taking a break from screen time and focusing on developing your real personal connections.‖ 56. Researchers from the University of Kansas found that ________.

A. human-like devices may help people interact with others

B. interactions with human-like devices may make people feel lonely C. lonely people may easily become addicted to human-like devices D. human-like devices may reduce people’s social interaction in real life

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57. During the experiments, participants ________.

A. were allowed to talk with human-like devices

B. were shown devices with human features

C. played online games with both machines and real people

D. were encouraged to engage in normal human interaction

58. The underlined phrase ―this effect‖ in Paragraph 7 refers to the fact that ________.

A. lonely people are more likely to seek out interaction with other people

B. lonely people are content to interact with human-like machines

C. the feeling of loneliness deepens as people interact with human-like devices

D. people who are socially excluded will have difficulty in socializing

59. One of the significances of the study is that it ________.

A. shows people why human-like products make them feel lonely

B. warns people to abandon human-like devices completely

C. forces lonely people to get involved in normal social interaction

D. helps companies realize the limitation of human-like devices

(B)

Hair Loss (Alopecia)

Information about male pattern baldness（秃顶）causes, triggers and treatment in the UK

In contrary to popular belief, hair loss – or alopecia – can start at any age. Whilst it is associated with mature males, and statistics show it does mainly affect men above 40, the reality is you can notice

symptoms in your 30s, or even 20s and teen years. The NHS statistics state that 25% of men start losing their hair by the time they reach 30. The most common form of hair loss is male pattern baldness – also known as androgenic alopecia – that affects more than half of men around the world.

One option many men seek is treatment to avoid further hair loss, especially early on in the process. With treatments, such as Propecia, that specifically target male pattern baldness, it is possible to stop hair loss completely and even encourage fresh new hair growth.

Did you know? We have treated over 1,185,751 patients since opening in 2004.

“Hair loss doesn’t have to be an inevitable part of the ageing process for men, especially with the help of prescription treatments.” Dr Hilary Jones

OnlineClinic Medical Advisor

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What is alopecia?

Alopecia is the medical term for hair loss. Most commonly affecting males, hair loss in men is caused by an increased sensitivity to the male sex hormones (androgens). The type of alopecia you have (as well as hereditary and external factors) can influence levels of hair loss. The most common type of hair loss (alopecia) is male and female pattern baldness. Other types include:

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Alopecia areata (patches of baldness, usually on the scalp) ??

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Scarring alopecia (hair loss directly affecting the hair follicles)

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??Telogen effluvium (hair thinning over a larger area on the top of the head, rather than bald patches)

Anagen effluviumradiotherapy)

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(most commonly caused by cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and

60. Which of the following statements is FALSE about Propecia? A. It can stop hair loss almost in all cases.

B. People can buy it online without doctor visit. C. It encourages new hair growth in rare cases. D. It is especially effective on male pattern baldness.

61. We can learn from the passage that alopecia is ________. A. an inevitable part of aging process

B. more common among mature males C. unnoticeable before 40 years old D. mostly influenced by external factors

62. The next part of the webpage is most likely to be about ________.

A. hair loss causes C. preventing hair loss

B. hair loss symptoms

D. treating hair loss (C)

A study, by San Diego Zoo Global conservationists, released this week (Sept. 12, 2016) is casting new light on how scientists evaluate polar bear diet and weight loss during their fasting（禁食）season. On average, a polar bear loses up to 30 percent of its total body mass（体重）while fasting during the open-water season. Although some scientists previously believed land-based foods could supplement（补充） the bears’ nutritional needs until the sea ice returns, a new study published in the scientific journal Physiological and Biochemical Zoology has revealed that access to land-based food is not

reduce the rate of body mass loss for fasting polar bears.

The study--undertaken by Manitoba Sustainable Development, the University of Alberta, and Environment and Climate Change Canada--weighed polar bears that were captured in the Polar Bear Holding Facility in Churchill, Manitoba, Canada from 2009 to 2014. Polar bears were kept in this facility as part of the Polar Bear Alert Program, which aims to reduce conflict between humans and polar bears around the town of Churchill. Polar bears are not fed while in the facility, which allowed for a controlled measure of their weight loss. On average, polar bears lost 2.2 pounds (1 kilogram) of mass per day--exactly the same amount as free-ranging（自由放养的）bears measured during the ice-free season on the coastline of Hudson Bay. Scientists reported that even with land-based food opportunities, polar bears lost the same amount of weight.

―Some studies have suggested that polar bears could adapt to land-based foods to offset the missing calories during a shortened hunting period on the ice,‖ said Nicholas Pilfold, Ph. D., lead author of the study and a postdoctoral associate in Applied Animal Ecology at San Diego Zoo Global. ―Yet, our results prove otherwise this, as unfed polar bears in our study lost mass at the same rate as free-ranging bears that had access to land-based food.‖

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