精品解析+点评_江苏省南京市届高三下学期第三次模拟考试英语试题

第一部分听力（略）

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）

第一节单项填空（共 15 小题：每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）

21. Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves, so it’s only natural that we want to

learn something useful ______ our effort.

A. in view of

B. in response to

C. in parallel with

D. in return for

【答案】 D

【解析】考察介词短语。A. in view of 考虑到、鉴于；B. in response to 响应；回复； parallel with 和…平行、同时；D. in return for 作为报答。本题的题眼“as an investment in ourselves” ，前句的“投资” 对应下文的“回报” 。整体句意：许多人把读书看做自我投资，所以说我们想学有用的东西自然是为了我们的努力能有所回报。

【点评】本题属于容易题，词汇都是平时经常考察的，一定要熟记于心。

22. For the final ______ of our journey, we decided to take the coach.

A. leg

B. round

C. distance

D. path

【答案】A

【解析】考察名词，结合选项 B.局，场，轮次；C. distance 距离；D. path 小道，小径。

根据句意“我们决定坐长途汽车去最后一段旅程”，本题考查 A. leg 的熟词僻义“一段旅程”，可以用排除法做此题。

【点评】本题难度中等偏上，着重考察词汇的积累，且属于熟词生意。每年高考模拟均会考到，例如二模时考过的 stage 做动词表示筹划、上演。

23. The problem ______ he will have his college education at home or abroad remains

untouched.

A. how

B. whether

C. that

D. when

【答案】B

【解析】考查同位语从句。通过选项推考点，定位在从句上，结合连接词前的problem一词与从句部分的解释说明关系，确定考查同位语从句。根据句意：他是否将在国内或者国外读大学的问题还不确定。从句部分缺少“是否”的意思，因此选 B。

【点评】本题属于容易题，只要能先判断出是同位语从句，那么结合句意便能选出缺少的意思。

24. After making the speech, he went through it in his mind to reflect where he ______ better.

A. could do

B. would do

C. could have done

D. would have done

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意得知，本题讨论的是事情是已经发生的演

讲，排除 A、

B，结合句意应该是“演讲过后，他回顾了一下，并反思本可能完成的更好的地方。” have done “本可能做到，但是没做” 。因此选 C。

【点评】本题属于难度适中，最后冲刺阶段，要把虚拟语气的考点再细化一些，特别是if 条件句的几种情况以及表示“本…但是…”这些基本结构。

25. Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation,

______heart rate and oxygen consumption.

A. increasing

B. to increase

C. having increased

D. being increased 【答案】A

【解析】考察非谓语动词。本题考察非谓语做状语成分，做题思路是迅速找到主句的主语“laughter”，increase 与 laughter 是主动关系，译为“笑能使心脏和血液循环产生短期的变化，增加心率和有氧消耗。因此选 A。

【点评】本题属于难度适中，属于非谓动词中的经典题目，还是需要熟悉句子成为，梳理好做题思路。

26. The boss ______ the employees a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has occurred yet.

A. promised

B. had promised

C. would promise

D. promises

【答案】A

【解析】考察时态。本题考查时态。but 后“到现在什么事都未发生”可见前句表达的是老板过去承诺过很多，表示动作在过去发生，用一般过去时。本题学生看到 for ages易错选完成时态。考生应把握所选单词与现在无关即可选出正确答案。

【点评】本题属于难度适中，属于语境中的时态题，要结合动作发生的时间已经是否结束去仔细分析。

27. If they throw stones at you, don’t throw back. Use them to build your foundation ______.

A. somehow

B. anyway

C. instead

D. nevertheless

【答案】C

【解析】考察副词。A. somehow 不知怎么地；B. anyway 不管怎么样；C. instead 相反、替代； D. nevertheless 然而。结合句子意思前后两句应该为转折关系，不要…，而要…。

【点评】本题属于容易题，这几个副词经常考察，一定要熟记于心。

28. ---Why can’t John land a ______ job in years?

---Anyone with criminal records will be laid off first when it comes time to let staff go.

A. rewarding

B. demanding

C. worthwhile

D. stable

【答案】D

【解析】考察形容词。A. rewarding 有回报的、有奖励的；B. demanding 苛求的，要求高的；C. worthwhile 值得的；D. stable 稳定的。结合情景会话后

半句的意思“因为犯罪前科被辞退”所以对应工作不稳定。整个对话的意思：“——为什么约翰这几年没法找到一个稳定的工作。——当谈到裁员的话题的时候，任何有犯罪前科的人都会被第一个辞退。

【点评】本题属于容易题，任何有对话的题目，一定要认真读完前后两句话，在对话中寻找隐藏的信息。

29. ---I got beaten in the first round in the contest. I am feeling depressed.

---Cheer up! You have to _____ yourself _____ to have the last laugh.

A. open; up

B. pick; up

C. knock; up

D. do; up

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词短语。A. open up 开创；B. pick up 捡起、接某人、学习到、恢复；

C. knock up 敲门唤醒、筋疲力尽；

D. do up 整理；刷新；使筋疲力尽。结合对话中的“depressed 失落” 以及“cheer up” ，此处应该 pick yourself up，选取恢复的意思，理解为整装待发。

【点评】本题属于动词短语中的基础题，特别是 A、B 选项的意思都很基础，会话也不难理解。

30. As its economy is maturing, Chi na’s ______ a greater role in critical issues like climate

and development.

A. defining

B. assuming

C. guaranteeing

D. assuring

【答案】B

【解析】考察动词。A. define 下定义； B. assume 假设；承担，呈现；C. guarantee 确保，保证； D. assure 确保，保证。结合句意：随着中国经济的成熟，中国在环境和发展这些关键问题上承担着更为重要的角色。因此选 B。【点评】本题属于容易题，特别是 B 选项这个词在复习的时候都会强调单词的多义现象，所以提醒我们后面复习的时候一定不能只记某个单词的一个最容易记住的意思，要把意思记全。

31. Keeping a regular sleep schedule is important for setting a baby’s clock, ______

researchers note should be in place by about 4 months of age.

A. whose

B. which

C. when

D. where

【答案】B

【解析】考察定语从句。从选项入手，退出考点定从，结合句型可知本题考察非限制性定语从句，先行词为 schedule,定语从句部分缺少 note 后宾语从句的主语，因此选择关系代词 which。

【点评】本题属于容易题，定语从句的题目属于语法中最基础的题型，按照找先行词，确定是否缺少成分的方法即可迅速锁定答案。

32. ---I will be a vice president in a year or two.

---You can’t be seriou s! ______.

A. I can’t make it

B. I can’t help it

C. I won’t tell a soul

D. I wouldn’t bet on it

【答案】D

【解析】考察情景会话。A. I can’t make it 我做不到； B. I can’t help it 我没办法；情不自禁； C. I won’t tell a soul 我保证我不会说。 D. I wouldn’t bet on it.我不这么认为。

结合句意：——我一两年内能成为副总统。——你不是认真的把，我根本不这么认为。比较容易能写出 D。

【点评】本题难度适中，从字面意思略作猜测，需要充分理解对话的意思，并做好日常积累。《I won’t tell a soul》还是美国当红歌手 Charlie Puth 的一首著名歌曲。

33. While working in Kunming, he checked the weather each morning for months ______ he

realized it would be the same every day.

A. when

B. after

C. before

D. since

【答案】C

【解析】考察状语从句。意思为：在他意识到每天天气都差不多之前，他在昆明工作的时候每天早上都会查看天气预报。

【点评】本题属于容易题，通过选项能够发现考察时间状语从句，状语从句的题目一定要仔细阅读题干的时间关系，只要认真分析句意，理顺逻辑关系，答案就比较清晰了。

34. It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes. People who can see sometimes

act ______.

A. just foolishly

B. less foolishly

C. as foolishly

D. so foolishly

【答案】C

【解析】考察副词。意思为：不仅是盲人会犯这样愚蠢的错误，有时候看得见的人也会犯同样的错误。as 在这里做介词，表示像…一样。

【点评】本题难度适中，需要结合句子的意思，找出递进的关系，答案就不难选出。

35. The recently released film Kong: Skull Island successfully ______ the audience to the

adventure with Dolby 3D technology.

A. transports

B. adjusts

C. transforms

D. relates

【答案】A

【解析】考察动词 A. transport 运输、被带入到…； B. adjust 调整；C. transform 变形；D. relate 把…和…相联系。本题可以用排除法做，结合句意应该是把观众带入到某种情境中，使身临其境，所以选 A。

【点评】本题难度适中，着重考察语境中词语的灵活运用，做这类题目应该结合词本身的意思，放到相关语境中，运用排除法排除干扰选项。此题结合了前一段时间刚上映的电影《金刚：骷髅岛》这个热点。全句的意思是：最近上映的

《金刚：骷髅岛》成功地用 3D 技术使观众身临其境。

第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1分，满分20分）

请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect.

According to a study, regaining our 36 drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.

Multitasking (多任务)，as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate 37 of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we’re rapidly 38 between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the 39 can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be 40 by distractions like emails and text messages.

The 41 is that multitasking is enjoyable. It’s fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds 42? Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. 43, resisting distractions and staying on task requires 44 and mental effort.

So, what are we to do?

Our strategy is to change the 45 to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or 46 your phone.

It’s a lot easier to stay on task when you’re not 47 fighting off mental desires.

The alternative, which most of us consider common, is 48 to dieting in a bakery. We all need the willpower to resist the temptations, but doing so comes with 49 costs to our

limited supply of willpower.

Another worthwhile 50 is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition (转换) time to a 51 point.

Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails

throughout your day, try 52 related tasks so that there are

fewer transitions.

In some jobs, multitasking is 53. Some of us truly do need to stay 54 to our clients, colleagues and managers. So

it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only

solution.

Remember the more you do to minimize task-switching over the course of the day, the more ability you’ll have for

activities that actually 55. Even small changes can make a

big difference.

【点评】首段首句未设空，“根据研究显示，当我们全神贯注于某一活动时，即便是小小的一个分心都会产生巨大的影响”。

36. A. initial B. personal C. inner D. ambitious

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意“根据一项研究，在一个分心之后想要再次获得我们______动力（专注于某一活动），有时候至少需要 20 分钟” 可知 A 选项 initial 最初的；原始的符合题意。其余选项 B. personal 个人的；C. inner 内在的； D. ambitious 有野心的，有抱负的均不合题意。

37. A. plan B. account C. prediction D. insight

【答案】B

【解析】37 所在句子未第二段第二句。“正如许多研究表明，多任务是一种谬论。当我们告诉自己正处于多任务时，对于此时所发生的事情的一个更加确切的_______是……”。根据英语文章特点，不难发现：二段首句是“总”，第二句为“分”，即第二句是对第一句的进一步解释，故 B. account 描述、叙述、解释最符合题意。而 A. plan 计划；C. prediction 预测、预见；D. insight 洞察力、领悟、了解均不符合题意。

38. A. switching B. swinging C. swapping D. shuttling

【答案】A

【解析】本题句意为“多任务即是需要我们在不同任务之间进行快速切换，消耗（吸取）我们的精力”，由此可知 A 为正确答案。B. swinging 摇摆、摇

动；C. swapping 交换、替换；D. shuttling 频繁往来、两地穿梭均不符合题意。

39. A. benefits B. reasons C. consequences D. challenges

【答案】C

【解析】根据本句“surprisingly serious”，以及后一句的“lose as many as 10 IQ points”可直接得出答案 C. consequences 结果、后果为正确答案。A. benefits 好处、益处；理由；D. challenges 挑战均不符合句意。40. A. guided B. changed C. adapted D. interrupted

【答案】D

【解析】根据本题句意“根据一项试验，当我们的工作被分心所______时，我们将损失多大 10 个点的IQ”可知，D. interrupted 为正确答案。A. guided 指导；B. changed 改变；C. adapted 适应、改编均不合题意。

41. A. advantage B. emphasis C. trouble D. practice

【答案】C

【解析】上一段讲到负面的影响，本段叙事产生的原因，即具体问题所在（虽然有负面的影响，为何人们乐此不疲），由此可以得出正确答案为 C. trouble 问题、麻烦、困扰。其余选项 A. advantage 优势、优点、好处。B. emphasis 强调、重视；；D. practice 练习、实践。

42. A. in stock B. in store C. in check D. in possession

【答案】B【解析】本题考查短语，属于固定用法。A. in stock 有现货的、备有现货的、现货； store 将要发生、即将出现；C. in check 在控制中、被阻止；D. in possession 占有、持有。根据句意“谁知道下一封邮件或短信中蕴含着什么（内容）”，hold in store 蕴藏，故答案为 B 选项。

43. A. As a rule B. As a result C. In short D. In contrast

【答案】D

【解析】上一句讲“弄清（这才蕴藏的东西）能够提供即时得的满足感”，属于分心（distraction），后一句讲到 resisting distraction，很明显和前一句意思相反，故正确答案为 D. In contrast 相反；相比之下。A. as a rule 通常、一般说来；B. as a result 结果；C. in short 总之、简而言之。

44. A. patient B. discipline C. courage D. attention

【答案】B

【解析】分心很容易，但是想要抵抗住分心的诱惑、并专注于我们的工作需要自制力（抵抗住分心的诱惑）。由此可知，B. discipline 纪律、学科、自制力为正确答案。A. patience耐心；C. courage 勇气；D. attention 注意力。45. A. expectation B. task C. environment D. vision

【答案】C

【解析】45 题所在句子为该段首句，且首句句尾为冒号，因此看懂冒号之后的内容，即可填写。不难发现，冒号后的内容为“关掉邮件或者将手机静音”，这种做法属于改变我们所处的外界环境（眼不见、心不烦），故答案为 C. environment 环境；外界。期待；B. task 任务；D. vision 视力、视觉、美景、想象力均不符合题意。

46. A. replace B. silence C. answer D. pick

【答案】B

【解析】详细见 45 题解析，silence the phone 手机静音。A. replace 取代；C. answer 回答、回复；D. pick 挑选、选择、捡。

47. A. continuously B. finally C. passionately D. directly

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意“......当你不再需要持续击退内心欲望时会变得更加容易”，可以得出 A. continuously 连续不断地、接连地、时时刻刻为正确答案。其余选项 B. finally 最终；C. passionately 热情的、激昂的；D. directly 直接地、一……就……。

48. A. similar B. relevant C. superior D. opposite

【答案】A

【解析】上一段所提到的方法是“改变外界（具有诱惑性的）环境”，本段讲另一种方式，即是“直面诱惑”，dieting in a bakery 在面包房<充满诱惑>节食（直面诱惑）。故正确答案为 A. similar to 如同。其余选项 B. relevant 相关的；C. superior 较高的、上等的；D. opposite 相对的、对立的。

49. A. affordable B. basic C. considerable D. modest

【答案】C

【解析】49 题需要结合整句话的意思：“（尽管）我们都需要抵制诱惑的能力，但是这种做法（选择在面包房节食），对于我们有限的的自制力来说，将会付出沉重的代价”，可知，相当大的、相当多的为正确答案。其余选项 A. affordable 付得起的；B. basic 基本的、基础的；D. modest 谦虚的、适度的。

50. A. research B. aspect C. reaction D. approach

【答案】D

【解析】前面介绍了两种方法，这里介绍第三种方法，因此可以直接得出答案为方法、方式。其余选项 A. research 研究；B. 方面；C. reaction 反应。51. A. minimum B. maximum C. turning D. fixed

【答案】A

【解析】根据句意：另一种方法就是将相似的工作归集起来一起完成，这样做可以将用于不同工作之间切换的时间最小化。因此 A. minimum 最小化、最小值为正确答案。其余选项 B. maximum 最大化、最大值；C. turning point 转折点；D. fixed 既定的、固定的（fixed point 定点）均不符合题意。

52. A. analyzing B. grouping C. assigning D. undertaking

【答案】B

【解析】根据句意“尝试去_____ 相关的任务，以便减少转换的次数”可知，B. grouping分类、归类为正确答案。A. analyzing 分析；C. assigning 布置、分派；D. undertaking承担、从事。

53. A. disturbing B. annoying C. unavoidable D. unnecessary

【答案】C

【解析】本段共三句话，53 空在第一句，可以结合后面两句进行解答。从 do

need 可知，我们不得不和我们的客户、同事及经理保持联系（关联），即不得不去分心，此时去限时分心是没有意义的。可以得出53 题的答案为 C. unavoidable 无法避免的，即在一些工作中，多任务是无法避免的。其余选项 A. disturbing 烦扰的、令人不安的；B. annoying讨厌的，恼人的；D. unnecessary 没有必要的。

54. A. sympathetic B. loyal C. accustomed D. connected

【答案】D

【解析】参照 53 题解析。其余选项 A. sympathetic 同情的、有同情心的；B. loyal 忠诚的，忠实的；C. accustomed 习惯的

55. A. matter B. function C. work D. interfere

【答案】

【解析】根据句意“……，你将有更多的能力去处理那些真正重要的事情” 可知重要（= count）为最佳答案。

【点评】本次南京三模完形填空的难度中等，比二模稍微容易一点。很明显的特点是：词汇的考察和句意紧密联系在一起，大部分题目结合语境即可判断，即加大了对词汇运用能力的综合考察。

第三部分阅读理解（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

请认真阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

A

The following ads come from UW (University of Washington) newspaper called The Daily.

Help Wanted Rooms

PART-TIME PIZZA DELIVERY driver, base pay+tips. Our vehicle. Must be over 26 for insurance purposes. Dellino’s Pizzeria, University Village，555-3466.1 BLOCK TO UW—Clean, quiet non-smoking room, private refrigerator. Month to month agreement. $425 includes all utilities. SSS-2488.

RESTAURANT—SUMMER JOB in Alaska! BRAND NEW BUILDING close to UW.

choices do you have?

A. One.

B. Two.

C. Three.

D. Four.

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。注意题目关键词 a job only for the summer，根据Help Wanted 部分第二段 RESTAURANT—SUMMER JOB in Alaska，和 Child Care 部分第二段 CHILD CARE NEEDED during summer…可知有两个可选择的工作，因此 B 正确。

57. Which of the following is TRUE according to the ads?

A. If you are good at swimming, you can try a job at 206-555-3989.

B. All the companies advertising on the Daily are trustworthy.

C. As a student, you don’t need to pay a deposit when renting rooms.

D. The fees for parking near University of Washington are the same.【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据 Help Wanted 部分第三段 a private hotel and athletic……and swimming instructors. Please call Stuart at206-555-3989.可知 A 对；根据 Business Opportunities 部分最后一句 If you have responded to an ad that seems deceptive, please call the Daily at 555-2390.可知不是所有公司的广告都是可信的，B 错；根据 Rooms 部分最后一段最后部分 Deposit needed，可知学生租房需要付订金，C 错；根据 Parking 部分两段内容中可知停车费不相同，D 错，所以选 A。

【点评】A 篇难度较低。两题都为细节理解题，通过题目和文章中的关键词定位即可在文中轻松找到答案。

B

When Breath Becomes Air gives an autobiography about Paul Kalanithi’s experiences as a doctor and as a terminally ill

patient. The book discusses Kalanithi’s longtime

fascination with questions of human biology, mortality (生命

的有限), and meaning. It then examines how these questions

are heightened by the author’s own confrontation (冲突) with lung cancer, sickness, and death.

Kalanithi’s father was a doctor from New York City. The family moved to Kingman, Arizona, so that his father could pursue his medical career when Paul was young. His father worked long hours and was rarely home, which convinced young Paul that the last thing he wanted to do was to become a doctor himself. Paul’s mother was concerned about the weak school system in Kingman, and so e a long list of literary classics which she made Paul and his brothers read. As a result, Paul became fascinated by literature. He attended Stanford University, from which he graduated in 2000 with a . and . in English Literature and a . in Human Biology. He earned an M. Phil in History Philosophy of Science and Medicine from the University of Cambridge. In 2007, Paul graduated from the Yale School of Medicine with the highest honors. He returned to Stanford for residency training (住院医生实习) in Neurological Surgery. As he neared the end of his 7-year residency he was diagnosed with stage IV lung cancer. The hopes and dreams he and Lucy, his wife, have held to are dramatically changed.

When Breath Becomes Air gives an account of Kala nithi’s transformation from an innocent medical student troubled by the question of “what, given that all organisms die, makes a virtuous and meaningful life” into a young neurosurgeon (神经外科医生) at Stanford, guiding patients toward a deeper understanding of death and illness, and finally into a

patient and a new father to a baby girl, confronting his own

mortality. What makes life worth living in the face of death?

What do you do when the future, no longer a ladder toward

your goals in life, flattens out into a continuous present?

What does it mean to have a child, to care for a new life as

another fades away? These are some of the questions

Kalanithi wrestles with in this deeply moving, delicately

observed autobiography.

Paul Kalanithi died in March 2015, while working on this book, yet his words live on as a guide and a gift to us all.

“I began to realize that coming face to face with my own

mortality, in a sense, had changed nothing and everything,”

he wrote. “Seven words from Samuel Beckett began to repeat

in my head: ‘I can’t go on. I’ll go on.’” When Breath

Becomes Air is an unforgettable, life-confirming reflection

on the challenge of facing mortality and on the relationship

between doctor and patient, from a gifted writer who became

both.

58. What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A. What led to the diagnosis of Kalanithi’s lung cancer.

B. Why Kalanithi changed his mind to become a doctor.

C. When Kalanithi decided to follow in his father’s footsteps.

D. How Kalanithi developed his interest in English literature.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句至第五句Paul’s mother was concerned about the weak school system in Kingman, and so made a long list literary classics which she made Paul and his brothers read. As a result, Paul became fascinated by literature.可知 Kalanithi 的母亲让他读文学经典著作，他最终对文学产生了兴趣，D 正确；选项 AB 的内容在第二段中未提到，而文中第二段第三句His father worked long hours…which convinced young Paul that the last thing he wanted to do was to become a doctor himself.中说的是 the last thing“最不想要的事”是成为医生，与

选项 C 说他想步自己父亲的后尘成为医生不符，不能选 C，故选 D。

59. Which of the following words can be used to describe the book?

A. Discouraging.

B. Reflective.

C. Delightful.

D. Controversial.

【答案】B

【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 When Breath Becomes Air is an unforgettable,life-confirming reflection on the challenge of facing mortality and on the relationship between doctor and patient, from a gifted writer who became both.可知这本书是 Kalanithi 对其一生面对死亡的挑战和同时作为医生和病人探讨两者关系的反映(reflection)，所以选 B。

60. Kalanithi began to seek the meaning of life ____.

A. when he was a medical student

B. when he became a neurosurgeon

C. when he studies English literature

D. when he was diagnosed with cancer

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 When Breath Becomes Air gives an account of Kalanithi’s transformation from an innocent medical student troubled by the question of “what, given that all organism die, makes a virtuous and meaningful life” into a young neurosurgeon at Stanford, guiding patients toward a deeper understanding of death and illness…可知 Kalanithi 开始寻找人生的意义是在他还是一个医学学生的时候，故 A 对。

【点评】B 篇难度中等偏低，题量较少。主要考察在文中定位关键句之后，对长难句和句中关键词的理解，需要考生把握好关键词的意思并结合上下句来分析得出答案。

C

One of the strangest features of motherhood is that the vast majority of mothers prefer to cradle their babies in

the left arm. Why should this be? The obvious explanation is

that the majority of mothers are right handed and they wish

to keep their right handed and they wish to keep their right

hand free. Unfortunately, this explanation cannot apply,

because left-handed mothers also favor their left arm for

holding their babies. The precise figures arc 83 percent for

right-handed mothers and 73 percent for left-handed mothers.

The most likely explanation is that the mother's heart is

on the left side and, by holding the baby in her left arm, she is unconsciously bringing her baby closer to the sound of the heart beat. This is the sound the baby heard when it was inside the mother’s womb and which is therefore an association with peace, comfort and security.

Tests were carried out in nurseries where some babies were played the recorded sound of a human heart beat, and, sure enough, went to sleep twice as quickly as the others. We also know that the sound of mother's heart is quite audible inside the womb and that the unborn baby has a well-developed hearing.

It is interesting that fathers show less of this left-side bias (偏爱) than mothers，suggesting that the human female is better programmed than her partner for carrying a baby. Alternatively，she may unconsciously adjust her holding behavior to make baby fell more secure. Some new observations on our closest animals’relatives, the chimpanzees and gorillas, have revealed that they too show a strong bias for holding their babies on the left side. The precise figures were 84 percent for chimpanzees and 82 percent for gorillas, remarkably close to the human percentages.

Recently a possible additional value in cradling babies on the left side has been suggested. It has been pointed out that, because, the two sides of the brain are concerned with different aspects of behavior, it is possible that the mother, in cradling the baby to her left, is showing the

baby her “best side”. It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore gives the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her. Furthermore, the mother’s left eye and ear are more tuned into emotional changes in her baby than her right eye and ear would be. So in addition to the baby’s seeing the more expressive parts of its mother, there is further advantage that the mother is herself more sensitive to the left-held baby. This may sound far-fetched, but just possibly, it could provide a slight extra benefit for those mothers displaying the strange one-sided bias when cradling their infants.

How does a bias occur? Do the mothers have an instinctive preference for it, or do they learn it by trial and error, unconsciously adjusting the position of the babies until the babies are calmer? The surprising answer is that it seems to be the baby not the mother who controls the bias. Observation of new born infants when they were only a few hours old revealed that they come into the world with a pre-programmed tendency to turn their head to the right. If the new born baby is gently held in a dead central position and then released, it naturally swings to the right far more often than to the left. This happens in nearly 70 percent of babies. This may be only a part of explanation, because the holding bias is 80 percent not 70 percent, but it adds a further intriguing chapter to the story.

61. How does the author develop Paragraph 1?

A. By giving an example as a hook.

B. By giving a general statement and narrowing it down.

C. By asking a question and showing an answer.

D. By explaining the importance of understanding a phenomenon.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。定位到第一段。第一句说明一个现象，并对此提出疑问，然后进而给出解释。符合这种展开方式的只有 C 选项。

62. The underlined word “audible” in Paragraph 3 means __________.

A. soft

B. clear

C. weak

D. distant

【答案】B

【解析】本段共两句话。前一句讲在婴儿室里面，给一些婴儿播放人类心跳的录音，他们入睡速度是其他婴儿的两倍。后一句又讲到在子宫内未出生的婴儿有着发育健全的听力系统，因此在子宫内，母亲的心跳声对于婴儿来说是很清晰的，因此，正确答案是 B选项

63. What’s the main idea of Paragraph 5?

A. The left side of the human face expresses emotions more strongly than the right.

B. A mother’s left eye and ear are more sensitive to the emotional changes in her baby.

C. A baby may be more able to “read” its mother’s emotions than was previously

believed.

D. Holding her baby in the left arm may improve a mother’s emotional communication with it.

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。定位到第五段。根据“It is claimed that the emotions are expressed more strongly on the left side of the human face and that she therefore give the baby a better chance to read her emotional mood changes as it gazes up at her.”以及后面“more tuned into emotion changes”, “seeing more expressive parts”, “more sensitive”可知,本段重点是在说明母亲左手抱婴儿对他们之间的交流（communication）的促进作用。因此，D 选项为正确答案。A、B、C 选项是个别的 idea，并不是 main idea。

64. What is the author’s tone when he discusses why most mothers cradle their babies in the

left arm?

A. Cautious.

B. Disapproving.

C. Subjective.

D. Favorable.

【答案】A

【解析】作者态度题。根据第二段“…most likely explanation…”，第五段“…a possible additional value…”，“It is possible that….”，

“...but just possibly…”，第六段“This may be only a part of explanation…”，不难发现作者说话语气相对比较谨慎，没有提及“不赞成”或者“赞成”，只是叙述已有的实验的解释，未加入个人的主观意思。

【点评】C 篇文章围绕“为什么大多数母亲喜欢左手抱小孩”这个问题而展开，给出了许多的解释和实验的结果。全文及各个段落的总分结构比较明显，题目难度不大。

D

Gus Wenner runs ; his father gave him the job. But Jann Wenner, the magazine's co-founder and publisher, was quick

to assure critics of the appointment process that his son is

terribly talented and had to prove himself before being

given the post. Apparently Gus worked his way up from more

junior positions with the company, and demonstrated,

according to his father, the “drive and discipline and

charm, and all the things that show leadership.” Gus Wenner

is 22 years old.

He is certainly not the only kid out of college, or even out of high school, working at daddy’s firm. Family

contacts are a common way of finding both temporary

internships and longtime careers. Opportunities for the

children of top 1 percent are not the same as they are for

the 99 percent.

This is hardly a shock, but it is precisely the type of inequality that reveals the hard-to-define promise of the

“Just Do It” version of the American dream and deepens our

cynicism (愤世嫉俗) about how people get ahead. As a

consequence, it weakens support for public policies that

could address the lack of upward mobility among children

born at the bottom, who ought to be given Parity. A strong

tie between adult outcomes and family background annoys Americans. When an organization conducted a nationally representative survey asking about the meaning of “the American dream,” some typical answers included: “Being free to say or do what you want” and Being free to accomplish almost anything you want with hard work,” but also “Be ing able to succeed regardless of the economic circumstances in which you were born.”

This is exactly the reason that “the American dream,” is not only a defining metaphor for the country, but also why Americans have long been willing to tolerate a good deal more economic inequality than citizens of many other rich countries. A belief in the possibility of upward mobility not only morally justifies inequality as the expression of talents and energies, but also extends a promise to those with lower incomes. After all, why would you be a strong advocate for reducing inequality if you believe that you, or eventually your children, were likely to climb the income ladder?

Hard work and perseverance (毅力) will always be ingredients for success, but higher inequality has made having successful parents, if not essential, certainly a central part of the recipe.

The belief that talent is something you are born with, and that opportunities are open to anyone with ambition and energy, also has a dangerous consequence. When the public policy is focused on the difficult situation of the poor,

this belief can help the concept resurface that the poor are “undeserving” and are the authors of their own situation. Yet we actually know a good deal about why children of the poor have a higher chance of being stuck on poverty as adults.

The recipes for breaking this intergenerational trap are clear; a nurturing (培养) environment in the early years combined with accessible and high-quality health care and education promote the capacities of young children, heighten the development of their skills as they grow older, and eventually raise their chances of upward mobility.

Talent is nurtured and developed, and even genes are expressed differently depending upon environmental influences.

The 1 percent are the goal for these upper-middle-class families, who after all have also experienced significant growth in their relative standing. The graduate and other higher degrees that they hold, for which they put in considerable effort, have put them on the upside of the wave of globalization and technical change that has transformed the American job market.

An age of higher inequality gives them both more resources to promote the capacities of their children, and more encouragement to make these investments since their children now have all the more to gain.

For them, an American dream based on effort and talent still lives, and as a result they are less likely, with

their considerable cultural and political influence, to

support the reshaping of American public policy to meet its

most pressing need: the future of those at the bottom.

65. What do we know about Gus Wenner?

A. He will prove himself competent in the future.

B. He has some work experience in the company.

C. He is the co-founder and publisher of the magazine.

D. He is too young to be in charge of the company.

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。第一段第二句“Jann Wenner, the magazine’s co-founder and

publisher”，JW也就是GW的老爸是杂志合作创始人和出版商，C错；第一段第二句“prove himself before being given the post”,GW 在接管职位之前证明自己，而不是 in the future, A错；第三句“Apparently Gus worked his way up from more junior positions”, GW 从初级职务做起，所以在这家公司有工作经验，B 对；第一段最后一句“GW is 22 years old”,他非常年轻但未提及由于太年轻而不能接管公司，D 错。

66. The phenomenon illustrated by the appointment of Gus Wenner .

A. stops people from dreaming the American dream

B. encourages the government to carry out the public policies

C. reduces the level of people’s tolerance of economic inequality

D. narrows the possibilities of people at the bottom moving upward 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。第三段“As a consequence, it weakens support … at the bottom”一些国家政策用于处理出生于底层家庭的孩子缺乏上进心的问题, 而GW家子承父业的现象削弱了社会对这些公共政策的支持，从而减少了底层人民向上进步的可能性，D 正确。

67. By saying “Being able to succeed regardless of the economic circumstances in which you

were born,” the respondents of the survey .

A. showed their upset about the inequality

B. expressed their gratitude for the fairness

C. indicated their determination to succeed

D. gave their satisfaction with the circumstances

【答案】A

【解析】推理判断题。对于美国梦的意义，人们认为其中一项是“无论出身何种经济条件都能成功”，而 GW 的例子与之违背，人们对不公平的社会现状非常失望，A 正确。

68. Which of the following opinions does the author hold?

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