大摘要

学 号：

HEBEI UNITED UNIVERSITY

毕业设计大摘要

GRADUATE ABSTRACT

设计题目：年产260万吨2050热轧带钢生产车间设计

学生姓名：刘俊爽

专业班级：07轧1班

学 院：冶金与能源学院

指导教师：贵永亮 副教授

2011年06月15日

摘 要

钢铁工业属于原材料工业，是国民经济中的基础工业。在科学技术高速发展的今天，虽然许多国家和地区已不把钢铁工业作为支柱产业，钢铁产量也不作为衡量一个国家经济实力的最重要的经济指标。但是，钢铁工业的现状和发展仍在很大程度上体现一个国家的科学技术水平和经济发展实力。

1.我国钢铁产业现状

我国钢铁工业的发展突飞猛进，在20世纪末年产量达到了1亿t。2008年后由于受到金融风暴的影响，我国的钢铁企业面临巨大困难。我国钢铁工业存在的主要问题有（1）产能和结构过剩严重，特别是存在大量落后产能；（2）铁矿资源和海运保障程度低，应对市场变化能力弱；（3）产业布局不合理，行业发展困难；（4）产业集中度低，市场控制能力弱；（5）自主创新能力不强，部分高附加值品种国产率低；（6）钢材市场体系不成熟，造成市场无序竞争激烈；（7）产品同质化严重，产品延伸深加工程度低。

我国钢铁工业生产主要对策有（1）增强市场敏感性，提高抗风险能力（控制产量盲目增长）；（2）努力建立有利于我国的铁矿石谈判新体系；（3）加快钢铁工业兼并重组，提高市场控制力；（4）加快淘汰落后产能，发展循环经济，实现节能减排；（5）优化钢铁产业布局，合理有序发展钢铁；（6）加快国外资源开发与海运体系建设；（7）规范钢材市场，建立稳定的市场秩序；（8）加强钢铁产品的深加工程度，积极开拓钢材的应用领域，加快发展钢结构。

2.我国热轧带钢的生产现状

板带材在钢材各种品种中应用最广泛，近年来我国带材生产有了快速的发展，从1998年产量为3427万t增加至2003年8017万t，再到2007年的1.4亿t。尽管如此，仍不能满足消费需求，到2003年板带的进口量占进口钢材总量的近90%，特别是特厚板、高档次冷轧板、镀锌板、不锈钢板和硅钢片等生产能力更显不足，许多品种在国内生产还是空白。纵观我国板带材生产，需要在以下几个方面进一步开展工作。

（1）提高钢材板带比。我国钢材的品种结构不合理，主要表现在钢材的板带比较低，增长比较缓慢。从长远来看，增加钢材生产的板带比是我国钢材生产结构调整的重要方向。

（2）提高产品质量。我国板带生产的品种规格和品种结构需要进行不断地调整，以满足市场需要。进口的板带均属于高附加值领域，除不锈钢板片属特钢板外，进口部分厚板和大量的冷、热轧薄板和涂层板，都是具有特别的尺寸规格和尺寸精度、高使用性能、高技术含量、高附加值的产品。提高管理水平，生产高质量的板带材，不仅可填补板带材品种需求的缺口，而且可生产出高附加值得

板带材进入国际市场。

（3）注意环境友好和可持续发展。板带材生产技术的发展必须考虑资源的利用和回收、可循环使用。

（4）高速、快节奏的科研成果转化与开发。由于市场需要的推动和高新技术的应用，钢板生产技术的研究和开发成果向生产力转化进入了高速度，快节奏的阶段。

3.本设计设计的主要内容

基于我国钢铁现状和热轧带钢的生产现状，本次设计结合宝钢2050mm，本钢1700mm，鞍钢1780mm热轧生产线设计了260万吨的2050mm热轧带钢生产车间设计。在此设计中详细地介绍了加热、粗轧、剪切、精轧、冷却、卷取等一系列过程。并针对典型产品厚度（2mm）进行了压下规程设计，包括压下量的分配、速度制度的确定、温度制度的确定以及力能参数的计算等方面参数的确定，还有对电机能力的校核和轧辊强度的校核。最后本设计对热带生产过程中金属平衡，年产量进行了计算，满足任务书的要求。

4.主要设备

热连轧带钢生产工艺流程为原料准备→检查→清理→加热→除鳞→粗轧→切头→除鳞→精轧→冷却→卷取→卸卷→精整。

4.1加热炉

加热是热轧生产个的一个重要工序。钢料加热质量的保证和加热炉产量的大小，完全依赖于所选择的加热设备和它的热工制度。因此，对加热设备的选择也应给与足够的重视。加热炉是用来把连铸或初轧板坯再加热到轧机所需的温度，板坯加热质量和产量满足轧制要求，而且能耗较低的热工设备。本设计采用两座步进式加热炉，加热炉水平布置。

4.2轧机布置和选择

本设计的轧机布置是3/4连续式，粗轧机是四架轧机，一架立辊，一架四辊可逆轧机，两架连续粗轧机，精轧机组是七架连轧，选CVC轧机。CVC轧机对产品的板形控制起到了关键作用，轧辊整个外廓磨成S形(瓶形)曲线，上下轧辊互相错位180布置，形成一个对称的曲线辊缝轮廓。这两根S形轧辊可以作轴向移动,其移动方向—般是相反的。由于轧辊具有S形曲线，在轴向移动时使轧辊整个表面的间距发生了不同的变化，从而部分地改变了板材断面的凸度，改善了板形。

4.3除鳞设备

高压水除鳞箱是通过板坯表面喷射高压水将氧化铁皮去除，一般高压水的压力为10～115MPa。目前广泛采用的除鳞方法为立辊轧边后用高压水除去氧化铁皮。采用高压水除磷箱以及轧机前后设高压水喷头以除鳞，这种方法效果好，投

资小，可以完全满足除鳞要求，特别是新建轧机广泛使用。

4.4冷却设备

目前，热连轧机组轧制带钢的冷却多采用的是带钢管层流冷却和高压喷嘴冷却相组合的方式。带钢冷却具有变形强化和相变强化的综合作用。既能提高带钢强度,又能改善带钢的韧性和塑性。热轧带钢控制冷却的目的，是为了改善钢材的组织状态,提高带钢强度，改善带钢综合力学性能,缩短冷却时间，提高轧机生产能力，防止因不均匀变形造成的带钢扭曲和弯曲变形，还可以减少带钢表面氧化铁皮的生成。

4.5卷曲设备

卷曲机的用途是收集超长轧件将其卷曲成卷，以便于贮存和运输。地下热带钢卷曲机具有生产效率高便于卷曲宽且厚的带钢，卷曲速度快而且卷曲密实的特点。地下卷曲机主要有以下两点作用：控制轧机出口张力和将带钢卷曲成卷。

5．结论

在设计过程中，有些纯理论的计算会和实际出入很大，有些是我们不可避免的，有些是我们改进设计方法后能收到明显实际效果的，这需要我们耐心去分析，细心去对比。在本次设计中，查阅资料进行比较选择取用，是最为烦琐的事情。但是这又给了我很多经验，从中很深切的知道轧钢车间的设计的系统性、设备的配置、整体性特别的重要，使我从感性上全面的对轧钢车间设计有了一定的了解。

ABSTRACT

Iron and steel industry is the raw and semifinished material industry, and the basic industry in the national economy. While steel industry is not the pillar industry in many countries and regions in the current which the science and technology develop rapidly. And the steel production is not a measure of a state economic strength as the most important economic indicators. However, the current situation and development of steel industry is still reflects national scientific and technological level and economic development strength to a great degree. 1. Current Situation of China Steel Industry

With the rapid development of China’s steel industry, the steel annual output reached 100 million t. Due to the financial storm after 2008,China’s iron and steel enterprises are facing enormous difficulties .Our main problems of steel industry are (1) capacity and structure serious excess, especially the existence of a large number of backward production capacity;(2) the low degree of iron ore resources and maritime security, weak the ability to reply the market changes;(3) industry unreasonable layout, industry development is difficult;(4) industrial concentration is low, the market control ability is weak;(5) the independent innovation capability is not strong, some high value-added varieties are few;(6) steel immature market system is immature, resulting in a highly competitive market disorder;(7) product homogeneity is serious, product extensions processing is in the low degree.

Main countermeasures of steel industrial production are :(1) enhance market sensitivity, improve the ability to resist risk (control output blind growth);(2) endeavor to build a beneficial to China's iron ore negotiations new system;(3) accelerate steel industry annexation and reorganization and improve market control;(4) accelerate eliminate to backward productivity, develop circular economy, and achieve energy conservation and emission reduction;(5)optimize the steel industry layout, develop steel reasonably and orderly;(6) accelerate foreign resources exploitation and construct shipping system;(7) regulate the steel market, establish stable market order;(8)strengthen the steel products deep processing degree, explore actively the steel application domain, and speed up the development of steel structure. 2. The Production Status of China Strip

Steel plate and strip in all varieties are the most widely used. In recent years, China material production has rapidly developed, annual production from34.27 million t in 1998 increased to 80.17 million t in 2003, and then to 1.4 hundred million t in 2007. Nevertheless, steel plate and strip still cannot satisfy the consumer demand, until 2003 steel plate and strip imports nearly 90% of the total, especially thick plate, high grade cold plate, galvanized sheet, stainless steel plate and silicon steel and other

production ability are more show shortage, and many varieties in domestic production are blank. Throughout the production of plate and strip, the following areas need further work. (1) Improve steel strip ratio. Our steel structure is unreasonable .and steel strip is relatively low, and the growth has been slow. In the long run, increase of steel production in China is an important direction of adjustment to structure.

(2) Improve the product quality. Variety of strip production specifications and product structure needs to constantly adjust to meet market needs. Imported strip all belong to high-value areas, except stainless steel plate, the import part of steel thick plate, and a large part of cold, hot rolled sheet and coating board, are special specification and size accuracy, high performance, high technical content, high additional worth products. Raise the level of management, produce high quality board strips, not only fill board strips the gap of varieties demand, and produce high additional worth board strips to enter the international market. (3) The attention environment friendly and sustainable development. Technology development of plate and strip must take into account resource use and recycling.

(4) High speed, the fast pace of scientific research achievements and development. Due to the needs of the market to promote and high-tech applications, steel production technology research and development achievements to productivity into the high speed and transformation of fast-paced stage. 3. The Main Content of This Design

Based on the present situation and the strip steel production status, the design with 2050mm baosteel,1700mm bengang,1780mm an gang ,steel production line is the hot strip 2050mm 260 tons of production workshop design. In this design introduced in detail, heating, coarse rolling, shear and fine rolling, cooling, coiling .The schedule design of the typical thickness (2mm) include the amount distribution of pressure, speed, system identification, the determine of temperature system and force parameters calculation , and parameter determination, check the motor and check strength. Finally, the design contains metal equilibrium calculation and annual output calculation, which meet the requirements of the mission statement. 4. Major Installation

Strip steel production process is raw materials preparation→examine→clean→heat→descale→rough rolling→discard→descale→finish rolling→cooling→coil→down coil→finishing. 4.1 Heating Furnace

Heating is one of the important hot-rolling production a process. Guarantee of steel material heating quality and the size of the furnace production, completely

dependent on the choice of heating equipment and its thermal system. Therefore, the heating equipment choice also should given enough attention. Heating furnace is used to heat continuous casting or blooming slab to the mill required temperature. And slab heating quality and productivity meet the requirements of rolling. Heating furnace is lower energy consumption and thermal equipment. The design uses two walking beam type furnace, and they are arranged horizontally. 4.2 Layout and Choice of Mill

The layout of the design is 3/4 continuous system .The roughing rolling unit contains four rolling mill :one vertical roll ,one four—roll reversing roughing mill ,two frame continuous thick mill, and finishing train contains seven CVC mills .CVC mill shape control of the product played a key role .And the outside of the roll is grounded S—shaped (bottle-shaped ) curve , the upper and lower rollers arrange dislocation 180 with each other , forming a symmetrical curve of the roll gap profile. Two S-shaped roll can be used for axial movement, whose direction is opposite. As with the S-shaped cure, the spacing between the entire surface of the roll different changes happens when the roll move in the axial direction, which partly changed the plate section of the crown, improved shape. 4.3Descaling Equipment High-pressure water de scaling box is through the high pressure water spraying to slab surface to remove the oxidized scale, general high-pressure water pressure for 10 ~ 115MPa. At present the de scaling method widely used for vertical roll with high-pressure water after rolling side to remove oxidized scale. De scale using high pressure water de scaling box and high-pressure water sprinkler around mill, this method has good effect, investment is small, can completely satisfy descaling requirements, especially new mill widely used . 4.4 Cooling Device

At present, the strip rolling steel cooling unit with steel tube is used more laminar cooling and high-pressure spray nozzle cooling phase combinatorial way .Strip cooling has the combined effect of strengthen with phase change and deformation strengthen . Both increase steel strength, but also improve the toughness and plastic strip . The purpose of the strip control cooling is to improve the organization state and improve steel strip strength, and improve the comprehensive mechanics performance, and shorten strip cooling time, and improve the mill production capacity, and prevent strip distortion and bending deformation caused by the non-uniform deformation, and also can reduce the strip surface oxidation iron hide formation.

4.5 Up Equipment

The use of curly machine is to collect long rolling to curl rolls ,in order to facilitate storage and transport. Underground tropical steel curly machines have high production efficiency facilitate curl wide and thick strip, curly speed and curly and close-grained characteristics. Underground curly machine basically has the following two points: control the mill role export tension and curled up into a strip coil. 5. Conclusion

In the design process, some pure theoretical calculation and practical are different, some are our inevitable, some get obvious actual effect after I have improved the design method. This requires patience analysis and careful contrast. In this design, the most troublesome is references of material and choice access the things. But it also gave me a lot of experience during the design. Deeply know that the systematic of the steel rolling plant design, equipment configuration, and the integrity are particular importance, and I have a certain understanding with the overall design of the steel rolling plant.

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