初中英语语法定语从句讲解&练习

初中英语语法——定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一 或 的从句叫做。

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如：1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.

2) You must do everything that I do.

上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。

引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why

关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

（二）关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man .

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person .

注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。

(2) The man is my friend.

3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game . ( which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen . ( which 在句子中做宾语)

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(1) The people are all here. (在句子中做主语)

(2) Where is the man ? (在句子中做宾语)

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend .

(2) I lived in a house .

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom will soon be repaired.

=The classroom will soon be repaired.

(4)Do you like the book ?

=Do you like the book ? 注：that 用法

(1)不用that的情况

(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

(b) 介词后不能用。 We depend on the land

We depend on the land .

(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。 (d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that,不能用which。. (e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。

(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．

(g) 为了避免重复．

(h)先行词是the way或the reason时，that可作关系副词，也可省略

(i) 主句的主语是疑问词who /which时

举例：

Is this the book ?

这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？

Who should be punished．

谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．

All is a supply of oil.

所需的只是供油问题。

Finally, the thief handed everything.

那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

（三）关系副词引导定语从句

关系副词 关系副词：在句中作状语

关系副词=介词+关系代词

why=for which

where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)

1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。

(1) Shanghai is the city .

(2) The house has been pulled down.

2. when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用

(1) I still remember the day .

(2) The time finally came.

[注]表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。

By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.

到你到达伦敦的时候，我们在那里已经待了两个星期。

I still remember the first time I met her. 我仍然记得我第一次见到她。

Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap,

toothbrush etc。

每一次他去出差，他带来了生活必需品，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等，很多。

3. why指原因 在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason .

(2) I don’t know the reason .

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) The reason is not clear,

(2) From the year he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.

注：1）介词后面的关系代词不能省略。

2）that前不能有介词。

3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同

关系副词when ,where和why 互换。

This is the house .

This is the house .

Do you remember the day ?

Do you remember the day ?

This is the reason .

This is the reason.

练习一

（一） 用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago.

2. The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college.

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there.

4. The woman is here now. You were talking about her.

5. This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day.

6. The car was going 90 miles an hour. The car just passed us.

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us.

8. I enjoyed reading the book. You gave me a book last week.

9. I prefer the subject. The subject is science.

10. I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.

（二） 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _______ we live in is very big.

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.

4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.

5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.

7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class.

8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

练习二

一、单项填空

1. ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher?

---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.

A. he B. that C. whom D. which

2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble.

A. who B. which C. they D. where

3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada.

A. which B. when C. who D. whom

4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

A. who B. whom C. he D. which

5. This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A. there B. when C. where D. which

6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting.

A. that B. which C. why D. when

7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life.

A. that B. which C. where D. why

8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived.

A. when B. where C. that D. which

9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family.

A. when B. where C. that D. on which

10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

A. who B. that C. whose D. which

11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation.

A. that B. which C. when D. where

12. This is the house _______ I want to buy.

A. in which B. that C. whose D. where

13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked.

A. which B. that C. when D. where

14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born.

A. that B. which C. when D. where

15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station.

A. that B. which C. where D. when

16. I work in a business ________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how B. which C. where D. that

17. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _______, of course, made the others envy him.

A. who B. that C. what D. which

18. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ________ they can talk frequently.

A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom

19. The film brought the hours back to me ________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.

A. until B. that C. when D. where

20. The famous scientist grew up________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.

A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever

21. A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.

A. when B. where C. what D. that

22. The Parkers bought a new house but ________ will need a lot of work before they can move in.

A. they B. it C. one D. which

23. Is this factory ______ you worked at?

A. the one B. which C. that D. where

24. Is this the factory _______ you worked?

A. where B. which C. that D. the one

25. ---Does the teacher know everybody _______ planted the trees?

---Yes, he does.

A. which B. whose C. where D. who

26. The letter _______ I received from him yesterday is very important.

A. who B. where C. what D. that

27. ---Where is the scientist ________ gave us the talk yesterday?

---He has gone back to Qinghua University.

A. whom B. who C. whose D. which

28. I hate people _______ talk much but do little.

A. whose B. whom C. which D. who

29. Do you know a boy ______ sister is a nurse in a hospital?

A. who B. that C. whom D. whose

30. Is there a shop near here______ we can buy vegetables and fruits?

A. which B. when C. who D. where

二、填入适当的关系代词或关系副词完成下列句子

1. The boys________ are playing football are from Class One.

2. Those ______ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.

3. Mr Liu is the person ________ you talked about on the bus.

4. The professor ________ you are waiting for has come.

5. Football is a game _______is liked by most boys.

6. He likes to read books ________ are written by foreign writers.

7. This is the pen _______ he bought yesterday.

8. We’ll go to hear the famous singer _______ we have often talked.

9. Where is the man _________ I saw this morning?

10. The season_________ comes after spring is summer.

11. I visited a scientist ________ name is known all over the country.

12. He has a friend ______ father is a doctor.

13. I once lived in the house _____ roof has fallen in.

14. I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school.

15. The time _______ we got together finally arrived.

16. Shanghai is the city ______ I was born.

17. The house ______ I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

18. Please tell me the reason ______ you missed the plane.

19. The reason ____ he was punished is unknown to us.

20. All the people ______are present burst into tears.

21. There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of _______ are well educated.

22. He succeeded in the competition, _____ made his parents very happy.

23. The school ______ he once studied is very famous.

24. Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine _______ you asked.

25. This is the boy ________I played tennis with yesterday.

练习三

1. The house ____ we live is not big.

A. in that B. which

C. in which D. that

2. He talked about the lectures and schools ____ he had visited.

A. that B. which

C. who D. whom

3. The scientist the teacher is talking ____ is leaving for Beijing.

A. to him B. whom

C. to D. to that

4. I who ____ your teacher, will teach Marxism as a truth to you.

A. is B. are

C. were D. am

5. ____ they could do was to work hard.

A. All B. All what

C. All which D. That

6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?

A. that B. which

C. for D. why

7. The room ____ windows face south is his.

A. that B. which

C. whose D. who’s

8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.

A. where B. which

C. that D. when

9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.

A. where B. which

C. that D. when

10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.

A. when B. which

C. that D. as

11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.

A. which B. in which

C. what D. that

12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.

A. which B. them

C. what D. that

13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?

A. what B. which

C. that D. it

14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.

A. who B. her

C. whose D. /

15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.

A. which; it B. that; it

C. it; / D. /

16. I have the same trouble ____ you have.

A. that B. which

C. as D. what

17. It’s the very book ____ I want to find.

A. which B. that

C. it D. so

18. He is the only one of the boys who ____ English for four years.

A. has learnt B. have learnt

C. learn D. learning

19. This is one of the books ____ worth reading.

A. that is B. which are

C. it was D. they are been

20. This is the best film ____ been shown this year.

A. which has B. which have

C. that has D. that have

21. This is the largest clock in the world, the minute have ____ is six minutes long.

A. where B. of which

C. that D. of that

22. Can you tell me the reason ____ you didn’t come for yesterday?

A. why B. how

C. which D. what

23. Do you still remember the day ____ we spent together last month?

A. that B. in which

C. when D. where

24. Oct. 1, 1949 was the day ____ the New China was founded.

A. that B. in which

C. when D. where

25. Which/Who of them ____ knows something about English doesn’t know this word?

A. which B. who

C. that D. as

26. ____ we all know, he is a good man.

A. Which B. Who

C. That D. As

27. I’ve never seen such a lazy boy ____ you are.

A. which B. who

C. that D. as

28. There were many great leaders in the history ____ Abraham Lincoln was the greatest one.

A. in which B. in whom

C. of which D. of whom

29. I bought a new dictionary, ____ is very beautiful.

A. whose the cover B. of which cover

C. the cover of which D. which cover

30. They have planted many trees, one third of ____ are pine trees.

A. them B. whose

C. which D. that

31. That is my office, ____ face the south.

A. it’s windows B. the windows

C. the windows of it D. the windows of which

32. He’s given us a lot of information, ____ is valuable.

A. little of it B. Little of which

C. a little D. much of them

33. He has two sons, ____ is a collage student.

A. who B. both of whom

C. neither of whom D. neither

34. There are forty-five students in our class, ____ is only fifteen.

A. the youngest of whom B. the oldest of them

C. one of them D. the tallest

35. He has published two books, ____ I’ve completely forgotten.

A. their names B. the names of which

C. the names of them D. what names of which

36. He has several friends, the most devoted ____ is Henry.

A. friend B. one of them

C. of them D. of whom

37. Five men stole into the gate, ____ was lame in the right leg.

A. the second B. the third of whom

C. one of them D. among them

38. This is the very school ____ I wanted to visit.

A. where B. that

C. which D. in which

39. Is the school ____ you are going to work?

A. where B. that

C. which D. there

40. Is this ____ you want?

A. which B. the one

C. that D. the one what]

41. Shanghai, ____ I have visited twice, has a large population.

C. what D. that

42. My youngest sister, ____ is forty years old, has got a life professorship in a university.

A. which B. whom

C. who D. that

43. The students didn’t like the way ____ she was dressed.

A./ B. which

C. what D. how

44. There’s no way ____ you could stop others talking about you unless you don’t spare yourself (严格要求自己).

A. for B. that

C. where D. of which

45. I am determined to learn my subjects in the way ____ you have done.

A. in which B. by what

C. what D. where

46. He used to do things in a way ____ did no harm to anybody.

A. / B. what

C. in which D. that

47. I’ll do ____ to help you.

A. all I can B. all what I can

C. all those I manage D. all which I can

48. All ____ want to buy the book, put down your names here.

A. who B. these that

C. those who D. ones

49. This is the third time ____ you’re late for school.

A. in which B. that

C. which D. on which

50. He arrived yesterday, ____ was just what we expected.

A. what B. who

C. that D. which

51. Einstein taught at Princeton, ____ there was a famous research institute.

A. that B. where

C. which D. because of

52. That is the reason ____ he came to see you.

A. when B. that

C. which D. for which

53. She is one of the few persons ____ Spanish in our school.

A. who knows B. who know

C. which speak D. that speaks

54. He is the only one of the teachers ____ Spanish in our school.

A. who teaches B. who teach

C. which teaches D. that teach

55. You are the only one ____ advice he might listen to.

A. who B. that

56. Here is so big a stone ____ no man can lift.

A. as B. which C. who D. that

57. He seems a foreigner, ____ in fact it is.

A. which B. as C. that D. and

58. Who ____ has common sense will do such a thing?

A. which B. who C. whom D. that

59. Is this the museum ____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

60. Is this museum ____ you visited the other day?

A. that B. where C. in which D. the one

61. How do you like the book?

It’s quite different from_____ I read last month.

A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what

62. Which sentence is wrong?

A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.

B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform?

C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same amount of land.

D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.

63. Antarctic ____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.

A. which B. where C. that D. about which

64. Each time ____ they met, they would talk long hours together.

A. which B. during C. when D. /

65. May the fourth is the day ____ we Chinese people will never forget.

A. which B. when C. on which D. about which

66. Is it in that factory ____ “Red Flag” cars are produced?

A. in which B. where C. which D. that

67. He is not ____ a fool ____.

A. such; as he is looked B. such; as he looks.

C. as; as he is looked D. so; as he looks

68. Some of the roads were flooded, ____ made our journey more difficult.

A. which B. it

C. what D. that

69. The buses, ____ were already full, were surrounded by on angry crowd.

A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most

70. He is a man of great experience, ____ much can be learned.

A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom

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