english_Economic Development Zone in China

- -

Economic Development Zone in China

1.History of development

The set up of China Economic and Technological Development Zone (ETDZ) has started from the end of 1984. By the end of 1988 fourteen ETDZs including Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin, Yantai, Qingdao, Lianyungang, Nantong, Minhang, Hongqiao, Caohejing, Ningbo, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Zhanjiang are the first that had been established by the approval of the State Council.

In 1992 and 1993, There are eighteen other ETDZs including Yingkou, Changchun, Shenyang, Harbin, Weihai, Kunshan, Hangzhou, Xiaoshan, Wenzhou, Rongqiao, Dongshan, Guangzhou Nansha, Huizhou Dayawan, Wuhu, Wuhan, Chongqing, Beijing, Urumchi to be the second of setting-up.

From 2000 to 2002, the State Council approved to build the third group including Hefei, Zhengzhou, Xi'an, Changsha, Chengdu, Kunming, Guiyang, Nanchang, Shihezi, Xining, Huhhot, Taiyuan, Nanning, Yinchuan, Lanzhou, Lasa. Besides, it also ratified Shanghai Pudong New Area(in 1990), Suzhou Industrial Park(in 1990) and Daxie Economic and Technological Development Zone(in 1994) to enjoy the preferential policies for the ETDZs at state level.

China’s ETDZs are a relatively small piece of land carved up in the coastal cities and other open cities. It attaches great importance to improve hard and soft investment environment and adheres to the policy of "mainly developing the high-tech industry, focusing on industrial projects, absorbing foreign fund and building up export-oriented economy" to strive for a fast and sound development. Serving as "Windows and bases" in the fields of opening-up, capital attraction, export enlargement, hi-tech development and regional economy promotion, it now becomes a powerful engine in developing regional economy and plays an important role in adjusting regional economy and industry structure. As a matter of fact, The ETDZs have scored great achievements and become the hot places of foreign investment and main forces of export.

The ETDZs of coastal cities have achieved remarkable success. By summarizing the experience of fast and sound development of national development zones, as a major component of a strategy to develop the western area, the State Council made a decision in 1999 that middle west provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government could choose one qualified and established provincial-level ETDZ from its capital city to bid for a national-level ETDZ. From 2000 to 2002, the State Council has approved 19 ETDZs in middle western regions to be upgraded to national-level ETDZs.

Economic Development Zone in China

1

Economic Development Zone in China 2 -

To date, there are 56 national grade ETDZs, among which, eastern coastal regions 29, Middle West regions 27. The pattern of national-level ETDZs in various provinces, cities, autonomous regions and other open cities is quite reasonable especially the newly established national-level ETDZs, which will play an active role in implementing the strategy of developing the west strengthening the economic cooperation between eastern and middle western regions and promoting the coordinated growth of regional economy.

Through two decade’s development, the key economic indicator has been increased up to 25% annually, it created a miracle of supernormal development in region’s economy, and it has been extremely promote local economic development, system renovation and science & technology development.

According to the new regulations for ETDZs, there will be no any new ETDZ to be approved by the government. Because there was no any special law and regulation issued by the central government to control the expansion of ETDZs in every provinces before the end of 2004. Many problems had been encountered, by the end of 2003, there were over 6,000 ETDZs in China (including national grade, provincial grade, county grade etc.).

Because of the different economic environment and different development level, there were many ETDZs had not reached their initial goal, the treasure land was wasted in empty for many years. Since 2004, the central government had to issue some policies to control this disorder situation. By the end of 2004, there were only 54 national grade ETDZs had been left. In the year future, there will not be any new national grade ETDZs to be approved by the State Council.

2． Government offices and Organizations which are in charge of ETDZs affairs in China

State Development

and Reform

Commission

Ministry of Commerce

State Council

Ministry of Land and Resources China Association of Development Zone

2

-

Map of Economic and Technological Development Zone in China

Development Zone in China

3

-

3. Classification

Up till now, the development zones in China has been developed into eight kinds which were classified by their different function in use. The eight kinds of development zone are:

-National Economic and Technology Development Zone (ETDZ)

-National Free Trade Zone (FTZ)

-National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone (HIDZ)

-National Border and Economic Cooperation Zone (BECZ)

-National Export Processing Zone (EPZ)

-National Tourist and Holiday Resort (THR)

-Taiwanese Investment Zone (TIZ)

-National Agricultural Hi-Tech Industrial Demonstration Zone (AHIDZ)

4. Function of different development zones

-National Economic and Technological Development Zone (ETDZ)

The Economic Technological Development Zones(ETDZ) constitutes part of China's policy of Opening-up to the outside world. By carving up a relatively small piece of land in the open city and building perfect infrastructures in this locality, an investment surrounding conforming to international standards will be created. By way of absorbing and taking advantage of foreign capital, the modernized industrial configuration with new, and high technology as its mainstay will eventually take shape and become the essential territory in developing foreign economic and trade in the local urban and it surrounding areas. Up to the present, there are State Council approved ETDZs. (including several economic areas such as Shanghai Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone, Suzhou Industrial Park, Shanghai Pudong Jinqiao Export Processing Zone, Ningbo Daxie Development Zone, Xiamen Haicang Investment Zone and Yangpu Development Zone. The open policies are also carried out in these zones.)

List of ETDZ in China

Dalian Qinhuangdao Tianjin

Yantai Qingdao Nantong

Development Zone in China

4

-

Lianyungang Shanghai Minhang Shanghai Hongqiao

Shanghai Caohejing Ningbo Fuzhou

Guangzhou Zhanjiang Wenzhou

Kunshan Yingkou Weihai

Fuqing Rongqiao Dongshan Shenyang

Harbin Changchun Hangzhou

Wuhan Chongqing Wuhu

Guangzhou Nansha Dayawan Xiaoshan

Beijing Urumchi Hefei

Zhengzhou Xi an Chengdu

Kunming Changsha Guiyang

Nanchang Shihezi Huhhot

Yinchuan Suzhou Shanghai Pudong

Shanghai Lujiazui Hainan Yangpu Ningbo Daxiedao

Shanghai Jinqiao Xiamen Haicang Xining

Taiyuan Lhasa Nanning

Nanjing Lanzhou

-National Free Trade Zone (FTZ)

Approved by the State Council, and like the free trade zone in the world, China free trade zone(FTZ) is a specialized area for international trade and bonded operations within the area, activities of foreign investment, international trade, bonded warehouses and processing for re-export are allowed. Presently all 13 free trade zones in China are in operation. They are the new junctures welding China's economy with the world's economy.

Development Zone in China

5

-

List of FTZ in China

Shantou-FTZ Xiamen Xiangyu-FTZ Haikou-FTZ

Dalian-FTZ Qingdao-FTZ Zhangjiagang-FTZ

Shanghai Waigaoqiao-FTZ Ningbo-FTZ Fuzhou-FTZ

Zhuhai-FTZ Tianjin-FTZ Shenzhen-FTZ

Guangzhou-FTZ

-National Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone (HIDZ)

The establishment and development of new/high tech industrial development zones(HIDZ) are an important component of the Torch Programmed and an inevitable outcome of reform, opening to the outside world and the social development of the socialist market economy. The new/high tech industrial development zones are based on intensive intelligence and open environment and mainly depend on China's own scientific and technological and economic strength. They are concentrated zones established for purposes of transforming achievements of science and technology into practical productive force to the maximum extent through local optimization of soft and hard environments, orienting to both domestic and overseas markets and developing China's new/high tech industries. Up to the present, there are altogether 53 State Council approved HIDZs.

List of HIDZ in China

ZhongGuanCun-HIDZ Zhangjiang-HIDZ Guangzhou-HIDZ

Shenzhen-HIDZ Xi an-HIDZ Harbin-HIDZ

Guilin-HIDZ Zhuhai-HIDZ Xiamen Huoju-HIDZ

Chengdu-HIDZ Chongqing-HIDZ MianYang-HIDZ

Kunming-HIDZ Zhuzhou-HIDZ Changsha-HIDZ

Urumchi-HIDZ Baotou-HIDZ Daqing-HIDZ

Development Zone in China

6

-

Jilin-HIDZ Changchun-HIDZ Shenyang-HIDZ

Anshan-HIDZ Dalian-HIDZ Tianjin-HIDZ

Shijiazhuang-HIDZ Baoding-HIDZ Taiyuan-HIDZ

Jinan-HIDZ Weihai-HIDZ Weifang-HIDZ

Zibo-HIDZ Qingdao-HIDZ Zhengzhou-HIDZ

Luoyang-HIDZ Yangling-HIDZ Baoji-HIDZ

Wuhan Donghu-HIDZ Xiangfan-HIDZ Hefei-HIDZ

Nanjing-HIDZ Suzhou-HIDZ Wuxi-HIDZ

Changzhou-HIDZ Hangzhou-HIDZ Nanchang-HIDZ

Fuzhou-HIDZ Foshan-HIDZ Zhongshan-HIDZ

Haikou-HIDZ Guiyang-HIDZ Nanning-HIDZ

Huizhou zhongkai-HIDZ Lanzhou-HIDZ

-National Border and Economic Cooperation Zone (BECZ)

For the open cities along the border, the BECZ is the area to develop frontier trade and carry out processing for re-export. Opening to the outside world along the border areas in China's central and western parts is our important policy to develop trade, economy and good-neighbor relationship with the surrounding countries. It also plays positive roles in flourishing the economy of the national minority areas. The State Council has approved 14 BECZs since 1992.

List of BECZ in China

Heihe Huichun Manzhouli

Dandong Yining Tacheng

Bole Pingxiang Dongxing

Development Zone in China

7

-

Ruili Wanting Hekou

Erlianhaote Suifenhe

-National Export Processing Zone (EPZ)

Based on a through investigation in the practice of the developed countries in management of processing trade, the State Council selected and approved 15 cities such as Guangzhou, Beijing and Dalian to pilot enclosed management schemes over export processing zones or EPZ in April 2000. The EPZ is intended to be a special enclosed area supervised by the Customs. As a matter of fact, the establishment of EPZ is one of the major steps taken by China to expand its involvement in the international market and further open its market to the outside world. It is most helpful in the promotion of export, improvement in the management of processing trade, utilization of foreign capital in a more active, practical, and effective way, and development of the local economy.

List of EPZ in China

Dalian EPZ Tianjin EPZ Beijing Tianzhu EPZ

Yantai EPZ Weihai EPZ Kunshan EPZ

Suzhou Industrial Park EPZ Shanghai Songjiang EPZ Hangzhou EPZ

Xiamen EPZ Guangzhou EPZ Wuhan EPZ

Chengdu EPZ Shenzhen EPZ Huichun EPZ

Jinqiao EPZ Chongqing EPZ Zhengzhou EPZ

Ningbo EPZ Wuhu EPZ Wuxi EPZ

Qinhuangdao EPZ Nantong EPZ Xian EPZ

Huhhot EPZ Shanghai Qingpu EPZ Shanghai Caohejing EPZ Shanghai Minhang EPZ Nanjing EPZ Zhenjiang EPZ

Lianyungang EPZ Suzhou HIDZ EPZ Jinan EPZ

Qingdao EPZ Shenyang EPZ Jiaxing EPZ

Beihai EPZ Urumuqi EPZ

Development Zone in China

8

-

-National Tourist and Holiday Resort (THR)

In order to further open its market to the outside world, exploit rich tourist resources and speed up the tourist industry, the State Council decided to choose the regions with ripe conditions as National Holiday and Tourist resort, where the enterprises and the tourist equipment and projects invested by foreign businessmen are encouraged. To date, there are 11 national holiday and tourist resorts by the approval of the State Council.

List of THR in China

Qingdao Shilaoren THR Taihu THR Hangzhou Zhijiang THR

Hengshadao THR Wuyishan THR Meizhoudao THR

Guangzhou Nanhu THR Beihaiyintan THR Kunming Dianchi THR

Sanya Yalongwan THR Dalian Jinshitan THR

-Taiwanese Investment Zone (TIZ)

With the rapid development of intercourse between the two sides of the strait, Fujian Province took the lead in being the investment hot spot for Taiwanese business people. To further develop the economic and trade relations between the two sides of the strait, the following three investment zone were approved the State Council in 1989, Fuzhou Taiwanese Investment Zone, Xilin Taiwanese Investment Zone, Haicang Taiwanese Investment Zone. Jimei become the fourth in December, 1992. To date, Four Taiwanese Investment Zone are all in Fujian province approved by the State Council.

List of TIZ in China

Fuzhou-TIZ Xinglin-TIZ Jimei-TIZ

Xiamen Haicang-TIZ

Development Zone in China

9

-

-National Agriculture High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone (AHIDZ)

Up till now, there is only one national grade agriculture high-tech industry demonstration zone in China, its name is Yangling Agriculture High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone which is located near Xian, Shaanxi Province, it was founded in 1997 after approval by the State Council. The decision of setting up the Yangling Agriculture High-Tech Industry Demonstration Zone is a great measure by which , aiming to 21st century, the agriculture of arid and semi-arid are developed radically, the Chinese West Development is carried out, and the emphases of Chinese national development strategy shifted to middle and west in China, is achieved.

The Yangling Demonstration Zone is listed in the array of national high-tech industrial development zones, enjoys each item of preferential policies set for them at the state level and the policies inclining to and backing agriculture as well as each item of preferential policies set for developing the western areas in China. As well, the Yangling Demonstration Zone is Co-constructed in joint Efforts by Ministries and Province:

-Ministry of Science and Technology

-State Development Planning Commission of, the Ministry of Education

-State Economic and Trade Commission

-Ministry of Finance

-Ministry of Water Resource

-Ministry of Construction

-Ministry of Agriculture

-Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

-State General Taxation Bureau

-State General Bureau of Environment Protection

-State Bureau of the Forestry

-Chinese Academy of Science

-Development and Research Center of State Council

-State Bureau of Foreign Experts

-The People’s Bank of China

-The Chinese Commission of Stock Supervision

-The People’s Government of Shaanxi.

After seven years development, the Yangling Demonstration Zone has more than 4,000 sci-tech talents belonging to 64 subjects of agronomy, forest, water and herd in Yangling. About 60,000 agriculture sci-tech people flowed to all the China; More than 5,000 sci-tech achievements are yielded here; and the accumulatively economic benefit of agronomy extension and technology transformation is beyond 2,000 billion RMB. Yangling Demonstration Zone covers a total areas of 94 km2, and under its jurisdiction, Development Zone in China

10

-

there is Yangling district (county level), with a total population of 136,000. The planned area of the newly-constructed zone is 22.12 km2, consisting of such 7 functional districts as agro-science garden district, modern agricultural and rural construction demonstration garden district, agricultural high-tech industrial garden district, agricultural comprehension garden district, agricultural intermediate experiment garden district, living service garden district and agricultural sight-seeing and recreation belt, etc.

5. Economic Index of ETDZs in 2003

z GDP of 45 ETDZs reached up to 498.5 billion RMB, increasing rate was 34.6%, occupying 4.27 % of total GDP of China ,

z Value-added rate of industry was 360.2 billion RMB, its increasing rate was 37.2%, occupying 8.8% of total value-added rate of industry in China

Development Zone in China

11

-

z Output of industry was 1,295.7 billion RMB, its increasing rate was 38.4%, occupying 9.2% of total output of industry in China

z Taxes revenue was 75.7 billion RMB, increasing rate was 25.6%, occupying 3.7% of total tax revenue of China

Development Zone in China

12

-

z Export value was 48.9 billion RMB, increasing rate was 48.2%, occupying 11.2% of total export value of China

z Contracted FDI was 20.2 billion USD, increasing rate was 27.3%, occupying

17.6% of total contracted FDI of China

z Practice FDI was 10.3 billion USD, increasing rate was 35.9%, occupying 19.3% of total practice FDI

Development Zone in China

13

-

z The total employee in ETDZs is over 2.8 million,

z Up till now, total FDI in ETDZs is over 61.5 billion USD accumulatively. There are 213 enterprises which its total investment was over 100 million USD, 400 international company has been set up over 700 companies in ETDZs

6. Trend of development of ETDZs in China

6.1Because of the region’s difference on privilege policy is going to be

reduced through the deeper reform, the expect profit will be reduced,

which usually the enterprises move to the high privilege area. The more

and more enterprises would prefer to stay their original ETDZ in order to

set their production, R& D, among the surrounding enterprises, so that it

could be able to enhance the competition and cooperation, a large scale

connection, cooperation network among related enterprises will be formed

up in the future, the priority of enterprises will be increased. This trend of

development will enhance the effect of industry’s gathering in ETDZs.

6.2Building up the ETDZs into modernization, internationalization, complex.

The way of development will be changed into common development on

regional economy with synchronous actions on related system in parallel

layer.

6.3Multi parks and professional will be adopted in ETDZs. In order to face

the globalization the enterprises should have ability to organize their

production for both of world and domestic market, try to arrange the

resources in a large scale. The vivid characteristic of industry that ETDZs

should have during their development. Up till now, there are over 60%

ETDZs have already adopted the way of “Three Parks in one ETDZ”,

(Park = industry park) e.g. “ Six Parks in one ETDZ” in Shanghai, “Three

Parks in one ETDZ” in Nanjing.

Reported by :Mr. Liu Linhe, Operating Assistant (International Trade)

Office of Commercial Affairs, Royal Thai Embassy,Beijing

Date: February 2, 2005

Development Zone in China

14

本文来源：https://www.bwwdw.com/article/muze.html