定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法

定语从句中关系副词的用法

关系副词，顾名思义，是联系先行词和定语从句的词，属于副词。定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：

表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句

when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

例句：I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing.

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the army.

表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句

where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

例句：The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. This is the house where I lived two years ago.

表原因的名词reason + why + 定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)

例句：That is the reason why I did the job.(在现代英语中why可以省略) 上句也可以这样表示：

That is the reason I did the job.

又如： This was the reason (why )we raised the temperature.

关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：

1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：

*I will never forget the day when I first met you on the seashore.

*I will never forget the days which/that we spent together in Xueyao Middle School.

**This is the hospital where my mother works.

**This is the hospital which/that we visited the day before yesterday. ***The reason why he did not go to school is that he was ill.

***This is the reason which/that he gave his boss in the office .

2) “when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词 + which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：

Do you still remember the day on which we first met in Nantong?(on which=when)

This is the room in which we lived last year.(in which=where)

Do you know the reason for which he refused to go to Mary’s birthday party. (for which=why)

有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词 + which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：

My mother works in a factory, in front of which there is a small river.

At night the soldiers got to a small hill, at the foot of which stood a farmhouse.

3) 关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。

定语从句中关系副词的用法

例如：I will always remember the day when I first visited the Great Wall. He came to Shanghai in 1980, when he was only 12.

I don’t know the exact spot where they will meet.

Mr Wang will fly to Beijing, where he will stay for three months.

有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。

Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?

The days are gone forever when the Chinese people used “foreign oil.”.

4) “that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when, where、why”和“介词 + which”结构，尤其在“the time when”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。 I may leave here any time I want to.

During the time I was there I visited him twice.

This is my second time I have come to your country.

5) “which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：

The doctor advised him to give up smoking, which advice he did not follow.

定语从句专项练习

1．This is the place_____ John was born?

A．which B．where C. when D．that

2. He is the only person ____ I want to talk to.

A. that B. which C. who D. whose

3．Is this problem _____the teacher explained last week?

A． the one B．that C．which D．one

4．The high building _____ stand four policemen is the police station．

A．which B．that C．in front of it D. in front of which

5．My mother will give Mary a model plane_____ she will like to play．

A．which B．that C．for which D．with which

6．The film brought the hours back to me_____ I was taken good care of in that far away village.

A．until B．that C when

D．where

7．There are times_____ I wonder why I do this job．

A．as B．while C．which D．when

8．After living in London for thirty years，Mr Smith returned to the small town_____ he grew up as a child． A．which B．where C that D．when

9．They had a long talk about the persons and things_____ they both knew．

A．whom B．what C. that D．which

10．That is the very book______ I am looking for.

定语从句中关系副词的用法

A．that B．which C．what D．as

11．Who is the scientist_____ is going to give us a talk on space this Sunday?

A．that B．who C. which D．whom

12．I don't like the way_____ you speak to your teacher．

A．／ B．in that C. which D．of which

13．Could you tell me when to get the book______ I want to read?

A．what B．who C．／ D．it

14．The days_____ we spent in Tokyo together will never be forgotten.

A. when B．which C．who D．on which

15．A pen friend of mine______ I often receive letters asked me for some Chinese coins.

A．who B．whom C．to who D．from whom

16. Don't forget the day_____ you were admitted to Beijing University.

A．when B．that C．at which D. where

17．Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.

A. that B．of which C．by which D．where

18．I can still remember the place_____ my brother and I used to sit in the evening.

A．which B．what C .that D．where

19．_______ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.

A. Which B. When C. What D. As

20．All ____ is needed is a supply of oil.

A. the thing B. what C. that D. which

21．He was seriously ill when he was a child, ____ made him lose his sight.

A. as B. that C. which D. it

22．In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ he could turn for help.

A. that B. to whom C. who D. from whom

23．He told the same story ______ I told.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

24．The best work is that ____ Tom has done.

A. it B. which C. when D. where

25. The first thing ____ we should do is to water the flowers in front of the room..

A. which B. as C. what D. that

26. Any girls ___ knew him were teachers.

A. where B. that C. they D. whom

27. The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog ___ were just passing by.

A. which B. as C. that D. who

28．That is the hotel ____ we stayed last year.

A. in that B. in which C. why D. at which

29. This is the reason ____ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.

A. where B. when C. before D. why

30. The student who does well in his lesson is the monitor ___ is very modes

定语从句中关系副词的用法

t and studies hard.

A. who B. that C. as D. which

答案与简析：

1．B. 先行词是地点，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

2. A. 先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时，关系代词常用that。

3．A. 缺少先行词，故选A, 作宾语的关系代词省略。

4．D．介词+关系代词引导定语从句。

5．D. play with 是一个固定结构，故选with which。

6．C．先行词为时间名词hours，在定语从句中作状语。

7．D．先行词为时间名词times，在定语从句中作状语。

8．B．先行词为地点名词，在定语从句从中作状语。

9．C．先行词包含人和物，关系代词只能用that。

10．A. 先行词被the very修饰，关系代词只能用that。

11．A. Who引导的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句关系代词只能用that , 以免重复。

12．A. way为先行词时，关系代词用that或in which或不填。

13．C．关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可以用that或which或不填。

14．B．spent是及物动词，关系代词which作其宾语。

15．D．receive a letter from sb．收到某人的来信，先行词为人，故选from whom。

16．A.先行词为时间，在定语从句中作状语,表示何时进入北大。

17．D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。

18. D.先行词为地点，在定语从句中作状语。

19. D. As 引导的定语从句在句中的位置比较灵活，可置于句首，亦可置于句中，亦可置于句尾。as常作宾语或构成as加be动词加过去分词的结构，或构成as加be动词加表语的结构。as 引导的定语从句在句中修饰的是整个句子。

20. C. 在定语从句中，当先行词为all, anything, nothing, everything, little, much等不定代词时，关系代词用that, 而不用which。

21. C. which引导非限制性定语从句并指代前面的主句。Which的这种用法和as有区别，which常用作行为动词的主语且由它引导的定语从句只能置于句尾。

22.B. 介词加关系代词的用法，“turn to sb for help”为固定结构。

23.C. 先行词由same或such修饰时，关系代词用as。

24.B. 先行词为that时，关系代词用which。

25.D. 当先行词由序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，关系代词用that。

26.B. 当先行词被any, all, no等修饰时，关系代词用that。

27.C. 当先行词包括人和物时，关系代词用that。

28.D. 介词加关系代词的用法，介词的选用应根据从句谓语动词和先行词的搭配

定语从句中关系副词的用法

来决定。

29.D. 在reason后的限制性定语从句（一般没有非限制性定语从句）可由why引导。在现代英语里why也可省略。

30.B. 一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词用who，另一个宜用that。

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