中高级翻译技巧

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<中高级翻译技巧>

一.被动语态的翻译

汉语和英语在语态使用上有较大的差异:

英语中被动语态用的较多,在没有必要或不愿意说出或者时没办法说出动作发出者时,英语就用被动语态来表示.汉语虽然也有被动语态,但是还是比较倾向于使用主动语态,因此我们在进行翻译之时,在大多数情况下要根据汉语和英语的各自使用习惯来翻译.接下来,我将以有关于被动语态翻译技巧的讲述之下,来让大家体会中英语之间的这种差异

eg: Nowadays ,her songs are so popular among the young people that they are played on the radio every Sunday .

现在,她的歌曲在年轻人中十分走红,每星期天都在电台播放

就这句话而言,大家可以注意到的就是,英语使用的是被动语态,而中文使用的是主动语态,因为很明显,在英语中没有必要说出\播放\这个动作的执行者,而在中文之中,把播放译成\被播放\就显得十分的别扭好,现在我将为大家讲解我刚才写在黑板上的一些句子的被动翻译技巧

1)使用加词法使翻译在汉语中含有被动含义

当使用英译中之时,我们可以使用一些汉语中表示被动的词,而不是简单的就只是用\被\这一个词,这样我们的译文就会变得生动很多 如:由,给,受,把,使.得到,是….的,为….所 请看以下几句句子:

eg: Heads of federal departments are named by the President , and judges are either elected directly by the people or are appointed by elected officials .

联邦政府各部部长由总统任命,法官由人民直接选举,或者由选举出来的官员任命

Though some people have been laid off because of automation , most have been absorbed by new industries and by the growth of service and leisure industries.

有些人由于自动化而失了业,但是多数人为新兴产业及服务休闲业的扩大而吸收

If a computer can be made complex enough , it can be as creative as we.

如果能把电脑造的足够复杂的话,那么电脑就能像人一样富于创造力 It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are \

人们常说,电脑之所以能解决问题,只是因为它们给输入了解决问题的\程序\

The quality of the product was limited by the cost. 产品的质量受到了成本的限制

The effort of the government was recognized by the public. 政府的努力得到了公众的承认

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2)直接译成主动结构

*有些句子在汉语中,使用主动结构更为合适

We both believe that through vigilance and strength , in your words , a war can be postponed , and in our words , war can be avoided.

我们都认为, 有了警惕和实力,用你们的话说, 就可以推迟战争;用我们的话说,就可以避免战争.

When the Constitution was written in 1787, there were only 13 states.

1787年草拟宪法时,美国只有13个州

What we say here will not be long remembered. 我们这里所讲的话, 人们不会长久地记住

**常用结构的翻译

It is said/reported/mentioned/pointed out that , 结构常译成主动结构

It is said that the man was murdered by the black man. 据说是那个黑人谋杀了那个人.

It is reported that the new president is going to pay an official visit to Russia.

据报道,新任总统将对俄罗斯进行一次正式访问

It is know to all that China's opening to the outside world will have a positive influence on its economic development .

大家都知道,中国对外开放将对其经济发展起积极的作用

<补充练习>

Commercial cargoes are transported by highway, water and rail . One recent innovation is \crates of goods are placed in large metal containers on wheels , and the containers are sealed and hitched to trucks to be taken to railroad centers or ports , where large cranes lift them on to freight cars, barges or ships.

商业货物由公路,水路与铁路来运输,近来发明了\集装箱\货运. 在厂家就把货物装入带轮子的大型金属集装箱内,装箱密封后,挂在卡车后拉到铁路编组站或港口,用大吊车装上货物车厢,驳船或轮船.

Crime is partly a result of bad material conditions : certainly it is most prevalent among people whose lives are not satisfactory in obvious ways---people without a settled home , with parents separated or divorced , victims of various kinds of misfortune ,

including poverty and lack of education . But bad social conditions , in the obvious material sense , can hardly be accepted as the main explanation for a rapid increase of crime in the 1960s and 1970s . There are after all fewer people suffering from the bad conditions

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than before , and it is much easier to make a very satisfactory living by honest work now than it was forty years ago , on indeed at any previous time .The

problem is shared with the rest of western civilization , and beyond it .

犯罪的部分原因是物质条件差;犯罪当然在生活明显不满意的人中最普遍,没有固定住处者, 父母分居或离婚者,各种灾祸的受害者,其中,包括贫困和缺乏教育者.可是社会物质条件差, 不能认为是六,七十年代犯罪剧增的主要原因.毕竟受穷者比以前少了,现在通过正当职业谋得相当满意的生计,比40年前,以至以往任何时候都容易多了. 这个问题在整个西方,以及其他地区都存在.

二.人名,地名的英译

英语人名,地名,可以查找工具书,比如英汉辞典等等

中级口译的人名地名的翻译相对来说是比较简单的,我们翻译人名,地名必须遵循\音译\的原则.必须注意的是: 1) 用音译,慎用意译

如:人名Wall, Sleep,译成:\沃尔\与\斯利普\不可译成\墙\与\睡\地名China同样不可译成\陶瓷\这也是众所周知的事了

2) 人名中姓和名之间,用圆点间隔,如John Thomas Smith \约翰.托马斯.史密斯\

3) 要熟记一些常用的译名

比如:Franklin Roosevelt 罗斯福 Winston Churchill 邱吉尔 Napoleon 拿破仑 Aristotle 亚里士多德

Socrates 苏格拉底 New York 纽约 New Orleans 新奥尔良 Los Angeles 洛杉矶

Detroit 底特律 Chicago 芝加哥 平时就多看看有关资料,也不一定要全背出,只是心里要留个底儿,这样就不会闹笑话了词在不同语境的翻译技巧在我们的翻译教程之中第12页,就有关于see在不同语境情况之下的不同翻译,这说明要准 确的译出文章中关键词的意思,首先要注意语境的把握和上下文的搭配关系

1) company的翻译 He is fond of company. 他爱交朋友

Two is company, but three is none. 两人成伴,三人不欢

Among the company was an old man. 这群人中有位老人

Who keeps company with the wolf , will learn to howl. 跟狼在一起,就会学会狼叫(\近墨者黑\I fell into company with him .

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我偶然与他相识

Misery loves company. 同病相怜

The host amused the company with singing . 主人用歌唱来招待宾客

He is employed in an electronic company. 他在一家电器公司工作 2) 红与red的译法 英语中有red

She was dressed in red. 她身穿红衣

When he started criticizing my work , I really saw red. 他竟批评起我的工作来了,我立即火冒三丈 汉语中有\红\

There has never been a cross word between the two of them, 他俩从未红过脸

He won a prize because his lucky star shone bright. 他鸿(红)运当头因而中奖 3) good的译法

His mother was a good Christian. 他母亲是个虔诚的基督教徒

Franklin was renowned for his good deeds 富兰克林以他的德行而名扬四海

Helen is as good as gold----most of the time. 海伦很乖----大部分时间如此

Mike is getting on in years , but both his hearing and eyesight are good.

迈克已上了年纪,但他仍然耳聪目明 The boss needs another good typist. 老板还需要另外一名技术熟练的打字员 His son had a good beating 他儿子被狠狠地揍了一顿 She has good looks 她长得漂亮

<补充练习>

THE HUMMING-BIRD

Of all animated being this is the most elegant in form and the most brillian

t in colors. The stones and metals polished by our arts are not comparable to this jewel of Nature. Her masterpiece is this little humming-bird , and upon it she has heaped all the gifts which the other birds may only share. Lightness, rapidity , nimbleness , grace and rich apparel all belong to this little favorite, The emerald , the

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ruby , and the topaz gleam upon it dress. It never soils them with the dust of earth , and in its aerial life scarcely touches the turf an instant . Always in the air , flying from flower to flower, it has their freshness as well as their brightness. It lives upon their nectar , and dwells only in the climates where they perennially bloom.

在一切生物中,要算蜂鸟体型最优美,颜色最鲜艳.经过工艺加工得各种宝石和金属是无法跟这个大自然的珍宝媲美的.这种小蜂鸟是大自然的杰作,大自然把其他鸟类只能分享的种种天赋全部慷慨地给了它.这个小宠儿具有轻盈,敏捷,灵活,优雅以及羽毛绚丽等一切妙处.那翠绿的,艳红的,嫩黄色的羽毛闪闪发光.蜂鸟从不让它的羽毛沾染尘土,它生活在天空中,一刻也不碰到草皮.它总是在空中飞翔,从花丛飞向花丛;它像花一样新鲜,又像花一样艳丽.蜂鸟靠花蜜为生,它只生活在鲜花盛开的地带.

三.代词的翻译 1)人称代词的翻译

汉语之中人称代词用得比较少.在英语里,凡是能用人称代词取代名词的地方,都须用代词,而不重复名次.因此,人称代词在英语文章中随处可见,翻译要服从汉语习惯,不能简单的用词对词的方法处理

比如下面的例子中将所有的\都译成他们,就会显得不那么自然 2)物主代词的翻译除了人称代词含义是采取还原其所代替的名词之外,英语里的物主代词代替句中做主语的名次是,我们也要重复其做主语的名词,是译文更具体,更明确如下面的例子中将所有的their都译成他们的就会显得不自然

Credit cards enable their holders to obtain goods and services on credit . They are issued by retail stores ,banks, credit-card

companies to approved clients. The bank or credit-card company settles the client's bills, invoicing him monthly and charging interest on any outstanding debts. Their profit comes from the high rate of interest charged , the card-holders' subscriptions

,and the fees paid by some organizations that accept cards. 信用卡能使持卡人通过赊账的方式购买商品,得到服务.信用卡由零售商店,银行和信用卡公司发放给经过批准的客户,银行或信用卡公司结清客户的账单,按月给客户开列其消费清单,收取欠款的利息.这些金融机构的利润来自所收取的高额利息,持卡人致富的认购费 以及接受信用卡消费的单位交纳的代理费their代表credit card,因此their holders 表示\持卡人\代表credit card,因此they在此翻成\信用卡\代表client,因此him在此翻成\客户\代表the bank or credit-card company ,因此their 在此翻成\以上这些金融机构\

<补充材料>

The Americans is trained from childhood to

question ,analyze ,search .Even in the primary grades , children are taught to use libraries , and to search for new ideas . By the

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如:我国力争对外贸易和吸收外资有新的增长

Our country will make great efforts to promote the expansion of foreign trade and absorb more foreign funds.

译文里没有出现汉语中\新的\一次,因为英文\已有\further the growth

of sth \的意思,这里如把\新的\译出,会变得累赘.有时候,汉语原文的一些词在句中意思较为空泛,具体含义不清楚或者没有,那也不用译出

如:各地领导部门要努力开拓就业门路

Local authorities should work hard to create jobs.

在这里,很明显\门路\没有具体的实际意义,因此就可以省略不译

十.常见的格言

格言是人类智慧的结晶，下面是本人收集了英语中常见的格言。供你查阅。

A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。(英国迷信, 指猫的生命力强) A sheep among wolves 落入狼群; 落在一群恶汉手中的善良人 A wolf in sheep's clothing 披着羊皮的狼, 口蜜腹剑的人 A burnt child dreads the fire. 一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。

A willing helper does not wait until he is asked. 于助人者总是主动帮助别人。

Actions speak louder than words.行重于言

Agree like cats and dogs [口]像猫和狗一样合不来, 完全合不来 All that glitters is not gold.

All time is no time when it is past.光阴一去不复返。

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作，不玩耍，聪明小孩也变傻。

All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。

Among the blind the one eyed man is the king.山中无老虎猴子称大王。

An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

An idle youth ,a needy age.少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 As you sow, so shall you reap.种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆

As you have made the bed, you must lie on it.自作自受。 Barking dogs seldom bite. 爱叫的狗不咬人。

Business makes a man as well as tries him.事业可以考验人，也可以造就人。

Call somebody names辱骂某人

Diligence is the mother of success.勤奋是成功之母。 Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意日。

Experience is the best teacher.经验是最好的教师。 Faith will move mountains. 精诚所至，金石为开。 Friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 Great minds think alike.英雄所见略同。

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He who does not advance loses ground. 不进则退。

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。

He who laughs last, laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。 He who rides on a tiger can never dismount. 骑虎难下。 Health is not valued till sickness comes. 有病方知无病福。 Ill news travels fast.恶事传千里。

It rains cats and dogs. 下倾盆大雨, 大雨滂沱

It is no good crying over the spilt milk. 覆水难收。 Kill two birds with one stone.一箭双雕。 Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。 Like father, like son.

Look before you leap.三思而后行。

Lookers-on see most of the game. 旁观者清。 Love me, love my dog.爱屋及乌。 More haste, less speed.欲速则不达。

Never deter till tomorrow that which you can do today.今日事须今日毕，切勿拖延到明天。

No one is wise at all time. 智者千虑，必有一失。

Nothing in the world is difficult if you set your mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。

One's life is limited, but learning is endless. 生命有限，学海无涯。 Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。 Pleasant hours fly past.快乐时光去如飞。 Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。 Prepare for a rainy day.未雨绸缪。 See Naples and die.不到黄河心不死。 Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。 Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。

The cat shuts its eyes when stealing cream. 掩耳盗铃; 猫偷吃奶油的时候, 总是闭着眼睛。

The early bird catches the worm.笨鸟先飞。 The kettle and the pot.一丘之貉。

The leopard cannot change its spots. 本性难移。

The water that bears boat is the same that swallows it up.水能载舟，亦能覆舟。

There are only twenty-four hours in a day. There are two sides to evey question.

Time and tide wait for no man.岁月无情；岁月易逝；岁月不待人。 Time is money.一寸光阴一寸金。

Time past cannot be called back again.光阴一去不复返。 Time tries all.时间检验一切。 Time tries truth.时间检验真理。

Time and tide wait for no man.时光不等人。

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Time flies like an arrow.光阴似箭。

Two heads are better than one.三个臭皮匠顶个诸葛亮。 Walls have ears.隔墙有耳。

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

Where there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。 Work makes the workman.勤工出巧匠。

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