八年级下专题

直接引语和间接引语专题

1.He said , ?Helping others makes me happy.’’和He says,?Helping

others makes me happy.’’两句虽同为间接引语，但在变间接引语时却有区别。前一句受到主句过去时的影响；后一句则不受一般现在时的控制，只是人称和地点状语可能会发生变化。

He said , ?Helping others makes me happy.’’ He said helping others made or makes him happy.如果用makes强调他现在仍是这样认为。He says helping others makes him happy. 2. 在一般将来时，一般过去时等为直接引语中的主语时，如：he said?I will go there tomorrow?,（一般将来时为直接引语中的主语）变为间接引语时，时态一定要发生改变。 一般现在时 —————一般过去时

he said ?is a apple tree?___he said there was a apple tree, I there be 句型表示有，所以there不变。

一般将来时 —————过去将来时

he says “I shall come tomorrow” —he says he will come tomorrow 引述主语says为一般现在时，所以其后的间接引语保持不变。Shall只能用于第一人称，在引语中（不是第一人称的引语）要变为will。

现在进行时 —————过去进行时

she told me ?I am going to you house? —————she told me ?she was going to my house? 现在进行时可有多种含义，如表将来，表正在做，但都过去进行时。

过去进行时 ——过去进行时(后有时间壮语从句) he said he was having dinner when she come in he said ?I was having dinner when she come in?

现在完成时 —————过去完成时

I said ?I ?ve finished’ ————I said I had finished

过去完成时 —————过去完成时

过去完成时可以理解为过去的过去，已经是最为过去拉，所以不变。

过去将来时 —————过去将来时

he said?I told you I would come ? He said he had told me he would come.

总结：一般来讲，时态的规律总是变成过去你，（一般想在时变一般过去时，一般将来时变过去将来时，现在完成时变过去完成时），不能变的就不变（过去完成时等。但如果情况未变或陈述可过事实，就不用变。

His mother said ‘lily is a good student’ —————His mother said lily is a good student（现在还是好学生）

—————His mother said lily is a good student（不强调现在情况，只是引述别人的话）

Here---there come--go now--then this day-that day tomorrow---the next day---the following day

Yesterday---a day before in two days __ in two days tome / two days later ten moths ago ___ ten moths before

这些一般变化要视情况而定，只要环境为改变，引语也不改变 直接引语间接引语的转化 1、he said to me would you pieces help me ? 2 he said?I can stop smiling ?

3 he said?I was because I could speak English that I got the job? 4、he thought he call ll her mom to stop it 5、he says boys need to be brave

6、 the book says that teenagers should sleep for at least 9 hours 7、he thought she was already a artist ten years 8、he said ?let s go camping? 9、he said ?what a pity is not it?

10、he shouted to the man ?don?t move?

11、mom tells ?the harder us do , the better us will get?

12、she said to the headmaster ?I had warn her not to do that be fore she left school?

13、she told me that she wouldn?t see lily anymore 14 she said she was lazy when she was young 答案:1、he asked me whether I would help him 2 he said he couldn?t stop smoking ?

3 I said it was because I could speak English that I got the job? 4、he though I call her mom to stop it

5、he says boys need to be brave 6、the book says ?teenagers should sleep least 9 hour?

7、he thought maybe she was already a artist ten years before 8、he suggested themselves to go camping 9、he said what a pity it is

10、he asked the man not to move?

11、mom tells us the harder us do ,the better us will get?

12、she said to the headmaster she had warned her not to do that before she left school

13、she said to me I want see lily anymore 14 she said ?I was lazy when I was young?

反意疑问句 定义 有两部分组成，前一部分为陈述句，后一部分为简略的一般疑问句，结构一般为?前肯后否，前否后肯?，中间用迫号隔开，其前后两部分在时态，人称数上都要保持一致。 1

类型：（1）、陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分主语多用it ，

同理，如陈述部分主语是these, those时，疑问部分主语是they Eg， This is a book, isn?t it?

.(2)、陈述部分是These be 结构时，疑问部分仍用there Eg These was an English film last night, wasn?t there? (3)、在英语口语中，?I+ am +表语?机构后面的反意疑问部分多用?aren?t I Eg I am a teacher , aren?t I? (4)陈述部分主语是动词不定式，动名词或从句时，疑问部分主语用it来体现 Eg What he said is right, isn?t it?

(5)、陈述部分含有not no hardly neither never few too……to nothing nobody seldom等否定词或具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定形式。

Eg Tom has never been to London ,has he?

注：但如陈述句中有带有否定意义的前缀或后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形状 （6）、陈述部分主语是everyone someone 等表示人的不定代词时。反意疑问部分用be/they如是指物的不定代词如something等疑问部分疑问句部分主语用it

Eg：Someone wants to see you , doesn?t he / don?t they? 7.陈述部分含 need 时 如果 need 作实义动词，其反义疑问部分用do如作情态动词其反问疑问部分用 need

8 肯定的祈使句反义疑问部分表示请求用will you 表示 ?邀请劝诱?使用 won?t you 否定的祈使句反义疑问部分用 will you Eg：Come to school early next time ,will you? 表请求 Have dinner with us, won?t you 表邀请 Don?t shout at your brother ,will you

9 以 let?s 开头 的肯定祈使句， 反意疑问部分用shall we 两以 Let us 开头肯定祈使句。反义疑问部分用 will you否定 的则用all right 或 ok 作附加问句

Eg：Let?s go to school ,shall we? Let us go to school will you? Let us not go to school all right?

10.陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致但是如果 陈述部分是I / we don?t think ````+宾语从句（即主语为第一人称且否定前移时，疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致且用肯定形式

Eg I don?t think he will come ,will he?

11 当 must 表示必须时 附加问句为 mustn?t +主语 当 must 表示必要时附加问句为needn?t+ 主语

反义疑问句的回答：不管提法如何，若事实可定用Yes，否定用No 开心练：（1）There comes the bus ,_________? (1) Don?t smoke here____________? (2) What a pity ,________________?

(3) He?s lived in this city for 20 years__________?

(4) Few people know how to use the Internet in the post __________? (5) There won?t be any trouble___________? (6) He said that he was a good boy ___________?

(7) He didn?t tell me that he was a naughty boy____________? (8) I believe they?ve already finished their work__________? (9) Tom doesn?t believe she studies well ____________? (10) I an unhappy ___________?

(11) She said she wasn?t feeling well ____________？ (12) None of his paintings is good ___________? (13) Nothing is difficult in the world ___________? (14) Everything is all right_____________？

(15) We must have a pronunciation （发音）________? (16) She seldom goes to bed before 8 o?clock________? (17) There is little water in the kittle ___________? (18) She has few friends here ____________?

(19) The work can?t be done in ten minutes ____________? (20) I wish to call on you tonight ___________? (21) You?d rather be there early ____________? (22) She must be a teacher__________? 答案（1）doesn?t is (13)is it (1) will you (14)is it (2) isn?t it(15)isn?t it

(3) hasn?t he (16)mustn?t we (4) did they (17)does she (5) will there (18)is there (6) didn?t he (19)has she (7) did he (20) can it (8) haven?t they (21) may I

(9) does she (22) wouldn?t you (10) aren?t I (23) isn?t he (11) Didn?t she

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