2014届高考英语一轮复习 Unit5 Nelson Mandela a mode

Unit 5 Nelson Mandela — a modern hero

由句连篇——背佳句、学衔接，让作文流畅起来

一、话题写作佳句必背

1．You can shop as you like as the online shops are open 24 hours a day. 你可以随心所欲地每天24小时在网上购物。

2．It is easy to find what you are looking for on the Internet. 在网上找你正在寻找的东西是容易的。

3．Some people are worried about the safety of paying for goods using credit cards when shopping on the Internet.

一些人担心在网上购物时用信用卡为商品付钱的安全性。

4．Once cheated online, you may find it difficult to make a complaint. 一旦你在网上受到欺骗，你会发现很难起诉。

5．We must think twice before we decide to purchase goods sold on the Internet. 我们在网上购物时，必须三思而后行。

二、连句成篇并背诵(选用“what's worse, in my opinion, finally, for one thing, for another, secondly, firstly”过渡词衔接成文)

Online shopping is a new way of shopping. It offers a number of benefits for the shoppers. Firstly,_the most important advantage is convenience. You can shop as you like as the online shops are open 24 hours a day, and do not have to queue with other shoppers. Secondly,_it is easy to find what you are looking for on the Internet. Finally,_it is often cheaper to buy goods through the Internet.

Every coin has two sides, online shopping has its disadvantages, too. For_one_thing,_you can't actually see the products you are buying online, thus the quality may not be ensured. For_another,_some people are worried about the safety of paying for goods using credit cards when shopping on the Internet. What's_worse,_once cheated online, you may find it difficult to make a complaint.

In_my_opinion,_we must think twice before we decide to purchase goods sold on the Internet.

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Ⅰ.高频单词必记

1．generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的 2．stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期 3．vote vt. & vi. 投票；选举

n. 投票；选票；表决

4．attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击 5．escape vi. 逃脱；逃走；泄露

6．quality n．质量；品质；性质→quantity n．数量；量

7．active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地；活跃地→activity n．活动 8．peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地；平静地；安宁地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦

9．legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal (反义词)非法的；违法的

10．equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地

11．violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的

12．educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者；教育家

13．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏→rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的

1．语境串记(用所给词的适当形式填空)

(1)The old teacher devoted all his life to educating his devoted students and he was admired for his devotion to his education cause.(devote; educate)

(2)All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)

2．主题串记

请根据词性和汉语提示写出除“terror”之外含有“恐惧”含义的高频单词 (1)frighten vt. 使惊恐；吓唬

vi. 惊恐；害怕

(2)panic vt.& vi. (使)恐慌

n. 恐慌；惊慌

(3)scare vt. 使恐惧；使害怕 (4)scream vi. (恐惧地)尖声大叫

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(5)tremble vi. (因害怕等)发抖；哆嗦；震颤 Ⅱ.重点短语必背

*1.out_of_work 失业 *2.as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上 *3.blow_up 使充气；爆炸

4．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑 等的处境中

*5.turn_to 求助于；致力于 *6.lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心 7．come_to_power 当权；上台 *8.set_up 设立；建立

9．be_sentenced_to 被判处??(徒刑) *10.be_willing_to_do 愿意干某事

选用以上标有*的短语填空(其中有一项是多余的)

1．A monument was set_up in honor of the heroes who gave up their lives for the country.

2．Encouraged by his friends, Jack didn't lose_heart and kept on trying it. 3．He was put into prison because he blew_up some government buildings in South Africa.

4．With no one to turn_to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless. 5．As_a_matter_of_fact,_I don't like to be praised before the public. 6．They lived a hard life then, for their father has been out_of_work for half a year.

Ⅲ.经典句型必会

1．The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.

过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

[解读] where引导定语从句修饰stage。

[仿写] 媒体常常有助于解决问题，吸引注意于需要帮助的状况。

The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where_help_is_needed.

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2．...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. ??只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。 [解读] only修饰状语放在句首，句子用部分倒装。

[仿写] 只有在他们讨论这个问题好几个小时之后他们才作出决定。

Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did_they_reach_a_decision.(2011·湖南高考单项填空)

3．I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。 [解读] the first time引导时间状语从句。 [仿写] 我第一次见到她时认为她善良诚实。

I thought her kind and honest the_first_time_I_met_her.

1．devote vt.献身；专心于

[高考佳句] He has devoted his whole life to world peace.(2011·陕西高考单词拼写)

他把一生都致力于世界和平。

(1)devote oneself to sth./doing sth. 献身于??；致力于?? devote one's life/time/money/energy to sth./doing sth. 把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于?? (2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to sth./doing sth.专心于；奉献于?? (3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 ①For ten years Nyad devoted herself to becoming one of the world's best long-distance swimmers.(2012·天津高考阅读表达)

10年来奈雅德一直致力于成为一名世界最好的长距离游泳运动员。

②He has devoted most of his time and energy to_finding a cure for the disease. 他把大部分时间和精力都花在寻找这种疾病的治疗方法上了。

③Her son, to_whom she is so devoted, went abroad last year, leaving her alone in the small village.

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她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。

2．equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的vt.等于；抵得上n.同等的人；相等物 [高考佳句] So they will be ready for life in a world where China is an equal power with the United States.(2012·辽宁高考阅读C)

因此他们将为生活在这样一个世界作准备，在这个世界里中国和美国同样重要。 (1)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任做某事 of equal importance 同等重要的 (2)A equals B in ... A在??方面比得上B/与B相匹敌 (3)without equal 无与伦比 (4)equality n. 平等 equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地 ①None of us can equal her, either in beauty or as a dancer. 不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。

②It's a challenging job but I'm sure you'll be_equal_to it. 这是一份具有挑战性的工作，但是我相信你会胜任的。

③This position is equally suitable for a school leaver or for somebody who has office experience.(2011·新课标全国卷阅读D)

这个职位同样适合于学校毕业生或某个拥有办公室工作经验的人。 [链接高考]

(2012·福建高考)Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ________ respected.

A．especially C．naturally

B．equally D．normally

解析：选B 考查副词辨析。句意：任何一个人，不管是政府官员还是汽车司机都应该同样受到尊敬。especially“尤其；特别”；equally“相等地”；naturally“天然地；自然地”；normally“通常；正常地”。

3．escape v．& n．逃脱；逃生；泄露

[教材原句] It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是个无人逃走过的监狱。

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(1)escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 escape from 从??逃脱；逃避 escape one's attention/notice 逃过某人的注意 (2)fire escape 太平梯；安全梯；安全出口 a narrow escape 九死一生 ①If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.(2012·广东高考语法填空)

如果他认为坐在后面就能避开别人的注意，那他就错了。

②Whoever breaks the law won't escape punishment/being_punished! 无论是谁违犯法律都将避免不了惩罚。

③Last year I had a narrow escape, and I don't want to risk my life a second time.

去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。 4．reward n．& vt.报酬；奖赏；酬劳；奖金

[教材原句] They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.

他们说来自新南非政府的那份工作和薪水是对我一生为黑人的平等权利而奋斗的回报。 (1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏 give/offer a reward to sb.for sth. 为某事而给某人报酬 in reward for 为酬谢??；作为奖励 (2)reward sb. with sth. for sth. 为某事而用??酬谢某人 ①He was given a medal as a reward for his service. 作为对所提供服务的奖赏，他得到了一枚奖章。

②I'd like to do something in reward for her kindness. 我想做点什么报答她的好意。

③She started singing to the baby and was_rewarded_with a smile. 她开始给孩子唱歌，孩子则报以微笑。 [辨析比较] reward, award 试一试 选择上述单词填空

③Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2012, which made the Chinese people very proud.

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④We will offer a reward of ten thousand dollars for information about the case. ⑤They rewarded the boy with ￡5 for bringing back the lost dog. 辨一辨 名词 动词 多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的reward 报酬、奖金或一些非金钱类的报酬 报酬或奖赏，常用搭配：reward sb. for (doing) sth. award [单词对点集训] Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．After the work was finished, he divided the money equally (equal) among them. 2．The baby looks so peaceful (peace) when he's sleeping.

3．She described her husband as “a good man and a(n) devoted (devote) husband.” 4．We are proud of our achievements and hopeful (hope) for the future. 5．Under our teacher's guidance (guide), we finished the work smoothly. Ⅱ.单项填空

1．(2013·哈尔滨高三模拟)Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ________ with a magnificent view.

A．awarded C．rewarded

B．admired D．appreciated

奖品，奖金，与prize用法相似 意为“授予；颁发”，常用搭配：award sb. sth.＝award sth. to sb. 解析：选C 考查动词辨析。句意：到达泰山顶部的每个人都能看到壮丽的景观。reward“奖赏；奖励”，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，符合语境。award“因??而授予某人??”，通常指正式地或官方地颁发、授予；admire“钦佩；赞美”；appreciate“感激；欣赏”。

2．Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all the time he could spare ________ his oral English before going abroad.

A．improve C．improving

B．to improve D．to improving

解析：选D devote sth. to doing sth. “把??用于做某事”，为固定搭配。he could spare为定语从句，修饰all the time。

3．Fitness is important in sport, but of at least ________ importance are skills.

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A．fair C．equal

B．reasonable D．proper

解析：选C 句意：健康的体格在运动中是重要的，而掌握技巧至少也是同等重要。fair“公平的；公正的”；reasonable“合理的”；equal“相等的；相同的”；proper“适当的；恰当的”。故选C。

4．The robber tried every means, but couldn't ________ being caught by the policemen finally.

A．choose C．escape

B．protect D．consider

解析：选C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：抢劫犯尝试了一切办法，但最终还是被警察抓住了。escape“逃脱；逃走”，后接动名词，表示“逃避??”，符合句意。choose“选择；挑选”；protect “保护”；consider“考虑；思考”。

1．in trouble有麻烦；处于困难中

[教材原句] Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble. 伊莱亚斯在有麻烦时去见纳尔逊·曼德拉。

ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦；自讨苦吃 get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦 get sb. into/out of trouble 使某人陷入或摆脱困境 ??in doing sth.have trouble/difficulty??with sth.? 做某事有困难 take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事或困难尽力做某事 ①Please turn to the police for help when you are in trouble. 当你遇到困难时请向警察求助。

②They took great trouble to persuade their father to live with them. 他们费了很大的劲才说服父亲和他们住在一起。

③Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have_trouble_with your study.

不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。

④You can't imagine the trouble/difficulty I had persuading him to change his mind.

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你无法想象我说服他改变主意有多么困难。 2．turn to求助于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向

[高考佳句] I replied and turned to my mom for permission.(2010·福建高考完形填空)

我回答后转身去请求母亲批准。 turn down 调小；拒绝 turn into 变成 turn off 关闭(开关等) turn over 打翻；翻身；移交 turn up 开大；调高；出现；到场；被发现 turn out 证明是；结果是 ①After he left university he became a teacher, but later turned to journalism. 大学毕业后他当了老师，但后来转向了新闻业。

②He turned_down my suggestion and turned_over the business to his daughter. 他拒绝了我的建议，把生意移交给了他的女儿。

③Whether those people would turn into customers was another question.(2011·陕西高考阅读C)

那些人是否会成为客户是另一回事。 3．set up设立；建立

[经典例句] They want to set up their own import-export business.(朗文P2093) 他们想要成立自己的进出口公司。 set aside 把??放在一边；省出；留出 set down 写下；记下 set off 出发；动身；使爆炸 set out 出发；动身；开始；着手 set about doing sth.??? 开始做某事；着手做某事 ?＝ set out to do sth.?①For all these years I have been working for others.I'm hoping I'll set up my own business someday.

这些年来我一直在为别人工作，我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。

②The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising.(2011·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)

《伦敦公报》是第一家为商业广告开辟专栏的报纸。

③He set_about_helping homeless women and children to places of safety.

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他着手帮助把无家可归的妇女和儿童送到安全的地区。 [短语对点集训] Ⅰ.句型转换

1．Whenever Bob has difficulties, he will ask me for help. →Whenever Bob is in trouble,_he will turn to me for help. 2．If you need my help, I am ready to help you. →If you need my help, I am willing to help you.

3．Bob lost his job three years ago and hasn't found one even now. →Bob has been out of work for three years. 4．In fact, I was the one who broke the window.

→As a matter of fact,_I was the one who broke the window. Ⅱ.单项填空

1．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)We ________ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.

A．set about C．set out

B．set up D．set down

解析：选C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开始着手刷整座房子，但是那天只刷完了前面的部分。set out to do sth.表示“着手做某事”，符合句意。

2．(2011·江苏高考)—You look upset. What's the matter? —I had my proposal ________ again. A．turned over C．turned off

B．turned on D．turned down

解析：选D 考查动词短语辨析。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝，因此有点儿不快。turn down “拒绝；顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”，符合句意。turn over “翻转”； turn on “打开”；turn off “关掉”。

3．(2013·江苏省苏中三市调研)I haven't got a job at the moment, but I'm sure that something will ________.

A．turn in C．turn up

B．turn over D．turn down

解析：选C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我现在还没有工作，但我确信会有机会找到的。turn up表示“(机会或情况)突然出现；不期而至”，符合句意。turn in “上交；交还”； turn over “翻转；移交”； turn down “关小；拒绝”。

4．It's important to learn to take a positive attitude ________ life when you are ________ trouble.

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A．to; under C．to; in

B．of; in D．with; in

解析：选C 句意：当你处于困境中时，学会对生活保持乐观的态度是很重要的。名词attitude后用介词to或towards；in trouble “处于困境中”。

1．...only_then_did_we decide to answer violence with violence. ??只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或状语从句等)时，句子需要部分倒装。 ①Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him.

他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 ②Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有用这种方法你才能解决这个问题。

③Only when he returned yesterday did_his_father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him.

直到昨天他回来，他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他来说真是个令人吃惊的消息。 [名师指津] only 放在句首修饰主语时不用倒装。

④Only those who accept this reality can lead a really full life.(2012·浙江高考任务型阅读)

只有那些接受这个现实的人才能过上真正丰富的生活。 2．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group. 第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。

句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次??”。 ①The first time I interviewed him, he looked a bit nervous. 我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。

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引导时间状语从句的还有： 1??minute/the instant ?一??就?? immediately/instantly/directly??the moment/the (2)each/every time 每次??的时候 next time 下次??时 any time 任何时候 last time 上次??时 by the time 到??为止 ②Be careful! The machine starts the moment you press the button.(2011·湖北高考完成句子)

小心点！你一按电钮机器就运转。

③Every_time I see the old man in the park, he is absorbed in reading papers. 每次我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。

[名师指津] for the first time在句中只能用作状语，不具有连词功能，不可用来引导状语从句。

④I'll never forget meeting the headmaster for the first time. 我将永远不会忘记第一次见校长的情形。

[句型对点集训] Ⅰ.句型转换

1．It was only when I left my parents for Italy that I realized how much I loved them.

→Only when I left my parents for Italy did I realize how much I loved them. 2．As soon as we arrived at the work site, we informed our boss of our arrival. →Immediately/Directly/Instantly we arrived at the work site, we informed our boss of our arrival.

Ⅱ.单项填空

1．(2013·合肥质检)He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake ________ he went to Hangzhou.

A．at the first time C．for the first time

B．the first time D．at the first time when

解析：选B 考查 the first time 用作连词的用法。句意：他第一次去杭州时就被西湖美丽的自然景色深深地吸引了。the first time用作连词，意为“第一次??的时候”。

2．________ you talk to someone or write a message, you show your skills to others.

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A．At times C．Every time

B．Some time D．The time

解析：选C 句意：每当你和别人谈话或写东西时，你都在向别人展示你的技能。every/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当??”，A、B两项都不能引导时间状语从句，而D项表示“??的时候”不符合句意。

3．(2013·银川部分中学高三联考)Only when you leave school ________ how much you love it.

A．you will find C．you find

B．will you find D．did you find

解析：选B 考查时态和倒装。句意：只有当你毕业时，你才会发现你多么喜爱学校。当only修饰状语从句，而且置于句首时，主句构成部分倒装，要把相应的系动词、助动词或情态动词前置到主句的主语之前。再结合时态可知，此处B项正确。

定语从句(Ⅱ)

1．(2012·杭州二检)Do you think the reason ________you gave for your absence is valid?

A．as C．that

B．what D．why

解析：选C 考查定语从句。that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，并在定语从句中作gave的宾语。

2．(2012·长春高中毕业班第二次调研)London is the only city in the world ________ taking a taxi is an interesting experience for tourists.

A．where C．which

B．that D．whose

解析：选A 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ taking a taxi is an interesting experience for tourists”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。

———————————————[教师备课参考]—————————————

关系代词和关系副词的判断方法

方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词。而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如：

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

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I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例如：

This is the museum (that/which) you visited a few days ago. This is the museum where the exhibition was held.

———————————————————————————————————

3．(2013·咸阳模拟)Mr.David has been to many cities in China, ________ Xi'an has impressed him most.

A．of which C．with which

B．in which D．on which

解析：选A 句意：大卫先生去过中国的很多城市，在这些城市中西安留给他的印象最深刻。分析句子结构可知，“________ Xi'an has impressed him most”是定语从句，“Xi'an”是“many cities”中的一个，故空处用of which。

4．(2013·南通调研)livemocha. com is a free site ________ visitors can not just learn languages but also chat online.

A．that C．where

B．which D．what

解析：选C 考查定语从句。where 引导从句修饰先行词a free site，且where在从句中充当地点状语。

5．(2012·盐城第二次调研)Many college graduates are willing to start online shops to get over the period ________ they have difficulty finding a satisfactory job.

A．where C．which

B．when D．that

解析：选B 考查定语从句。when 引导定语从句修饰先行词period，且when在从句中作时间状语。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．I caught several fish after four hours, and only then ________ that the secret of success was patience.

A．I realized C．did I realize

B．I had realized D．had I realized

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解析：选C “only＋状语”位于句首，句子要部分倒装，故排除A、B两项；同时根据then可知realize所表示的动作发生在过去某一时间点，故用一般过去时。

2．Tom said that his uncle had bought an iPad 3 four months before, ________ personally I doubted very much.

A．that C．which

B．for which D．to which

解析：选C 分析句子结构可知，后一分句为从句。which此处用作关系代词，指代整个主句内容，引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作doubted的宾语。

3．(2013·绍兴模拟)The little girl had a lucky ________ when the earthquake happened.

A．chance C．hope

B．surprise D．escape

解析：选D 考查名词辨析。句意：当地震发生时，那个小姑娘幸免于难。前面的形容词lucky暗示选escape “逃脱；幸免”。

4．(2013·浙江慈溪模拟)—Have you any concrete thoughts on how to ________ this difficulty?

—Sorry, I have no idea. A．turn to C．deal with

B．look for D．talk about

解析：选C 考查动词短语辨析。问句句意：处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？turn to “转向；翻到；向??求助”；look for “寻找”；deal with“处理；对付”；talk about “讨论”。

5．(2013·衡水高三模拟)Professor Stevenson, who ________ his whole life to protecting the milu deer, gave a talk to Chinese college students last Friday.

A．devoted C．has devoted

B．is devoting D．had devoted

解析：选C 根据语境可知，devote的动作包含了过去，故用现在完成时。

6．(2013·唐山一模)He is a man who lacks experience and determination, and I think he is not ________ the job.

A．able for C．equal for

B．equal to D．able to

解析：选B 句意：他是一个缺乏经验和意志薄弱的人，所以我认为他不能胜任这份工作。equal意为“胜任的”时，常与介词to连用。

7．Everybody present at the meeting agreed to stick to the ________ that everyone

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should be treated fairly.

A．purpose C．principle

B．ambition D．level

解析：选C 考查名词辨析。principle “原则”， stick to the principle “坚持原则”，符合句意。purpose “目的”； ambition “雄心”； level “水平”。

8．(2013·沈阳高三质检)I think we should ________ a good attitude towards failures and try to deal with them with a calm and cool mind.

A．send up C．set up

B．give up D．put up

解析：选C 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我认为我们应该树立一个良好的心态去面对失败，试着用平静和冷静的态度去解决它们。set up “树立”，符合句意。send up “发射”；give up “放弃”；put up “张贴”。

9．As________ matter of fact, ________ beauty of ________ nature there made an excellent impression on me.

A．a; the; 不填 C．the; the; 不填

B．a; the; the D．a; 不填； the

解析：选A 考查冠词用法。as a matter of fact是固定搭配，意为“实际上”； beauty 后边有限定成分要用定冠词表特指，而nature是抽象名词，不表特指时不加冠词，故答案为A。

10．(2013·兰州高三质检)We will listen to the arguments on both sides and then ________ it.

A．vote on C．vote against

B．vote for D．vote to

解析：选A 考查vote与介词搭配。句意：我们听取双方的论证后再进行表决。vote on“对??进行表决”；vote for“投票支持”；vote against“投票反对”。

11．Tom's father made a promise that he would give him a(n)________ if he passed the college entrance examination.

A．award C．reward

B．prize D．profit

解析：选C reward表示“酬谢；奖赏”，指做某事而得到的酬谢或奖赏；award 意为“奖品”，指为鼓励工作表现突出的人而颁发奖励，往往强调荣誉而不在乎奖品或奖金的多少；prize表示“奖品；奖金”，多指在竞争、竞赛或抽彩中获得的奖；profit“益处”。

12．(2013·天水一中高三检测)After many years of hard work, the man has finally reached the stage ________ he has gained good fortune and social status.

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A．where C．which

B．that D．why

解析：选A 当先行词为stage, position等词时，定语从句常用where或in which引导。

—————————————[教师备课参考]—————————————— 当position， situation， stage， job等词在句中表示抽象的地点时，其后的定语从句中关系词的选择是考试的重点，也是考生的易错点；其选择标准为：定语从句中缺少地点状语时，应选关系副词where；若定语从句中缺少主语或宾语，则使用which或that。

In time we reached a stage was of vital importance to our reading. A.where B.how C.who D.which 解析：选D 在这个定语从句中缺少主语，故选which。

——————————————————————————————————————

13．The new government made a promise that they would surely improve the ________ of people's life.

A．outline C．insurance

B．quality D．attitude

解析：选B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：新政府做出承诺他们将一定提高人们的生活质量。quality “质量；品质”，符合句意。outline “要点；大纲；轮廓”； insurance “保险”； attitude “态度；看法”。

14．(2012·莆田十八中高三第三次月考)After the quarrel, I tried all my best to fix the misunderstanding between us, but all my efforts seemed ________.

A．in trouble C．in effect

B．in case D．in vain

解析：选D 句意：争吵之后，我尽力消除我们之间的误解，但是我所有的努力看起来徒劳无功。in vain“徒劳地”，符合句意。

15．(2012·杭州宏升高复学校月考)________I met him, he was working as a secretary in a big company.

A．For the first time C．The first time when

B．The first time D．When the first time

解析：选B 句意：第一次我遇见他时，他在一个大公司里当秘书。the first time 相当于一个连词，意为“第一次”。

Ⅱ.阅读理解

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A

(2013·沈阳二中高三阶段测试)Leymah Gbowee, ever awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, dreamed of peace and made it happen, founding a movement of women who brought peace and a female president to Liberia.

On the night of her high school graduation party, surrounded by family, neighbors, and friends, Leymah Gbowee imagined a bright future. She planned to study biology and chemistry in college and become a pediatrician. Instead, Gbowee writes in her autobiography, Mighty Be Our Powers, within six months of that

party in 1989, everything around her was gone — her country torn apart by civil war, her family broken, her plans abandoned. And Gbowee never became a doctor. Gbowee saw civilians murdered before her eyes. She fled with relatives from one shelter to another, often went hungry. Upon returning to Liberia in 1991, she saw a terrible sight: everyone had fled, leaving their homes to the fighters.

Yet her spirit wouldn't die. She began studying under a UNICEF program. Finally, with her family's help, she imagined a movement of women demanding peace in Liberia and made it happen. Traveling from village to village, Gbowee began organizing women and persuaded women of different cultures to unite; under her leadership, thousands of women were dressed all in white to symbolize peace. Gbowee writes：“We were silent before, but after so many of us have been killed, fallen with diseases, and lost our children and families, war has taught us that the future lies in saying no to violence and yes to peace！”

The women had reason to fear, but Gbowee had no choice. Then women could register to vote. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became Africa's first female president in 2005. Gbowee's work was just beginning. She now travels the world, meeting with everyone from presidents to CEOs to people living in tiny villages, fighting for women and girls.

语篇解读：本文是一篇人物介绍。讲述了Leymah Gbowee在自己美好的生活被战争破坏后，没有放弃，而是不断努力，为人权、为妇女儿童权益而斗争，最终成为非洲一名主要的女权运动人物，并荣获2011年诺贝尔和平奖。

1.Leymah Gbowee was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her contributions to ________.

A．the education in Liberia C．stopping the world war

B．the women's movement D．protecting the environment

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解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“founding a movement of women ...”和文章后面几段内容可知，Leymah Gbowee获得诺贝尔和平奖是因为在妇女运动方面所取得的成绩。故答案选B。

2．The underlined word“pediatrician”in Paragraph 2 is close in meaning to ________.

A．teacher C．biologist

B．politician D．doctor

解析：选D 词义推测题。根据第二段第四句“And Gbowee never became a doctor.”可推出她计划成为doctor，即pediatrician。故答案选D。

3．What effect did the civil war in Liberia have on Leymah Gbowee? A．The war strengthened her spirit. B．She gave up a UNICEF program. C．She kept silent after the war. D．She didn't expect peace at all. 解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Yet her spirit wouldn't die.”以及对她从事的运动的叙述可知，内战没有让Gbowee消沉，而是增强了她的信心和意志。故答案选A。

4．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Leymah Gbowee ________. A．still has a long way to go B．doesn't have any sense of fear C．will be another female president D．will make efforts to be CEO of a company

解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Gbowee's work was just beginning.”可知，Gbowee的工作还有很长的路要走。故答案选A。

B

(2013·河北武安三中月考)Do you want to visit Warwick Castle in Britain (Britain's Ultimate Castle)? Warwick is a friendly and memorable experience with something for all ages. Easily accessible by car, bus, train, cycling or on foot, it is surrounded by historic buildings and numerous attractions.

Ticket Prices & Offers

Look at our online offers. Warwick-Castle. com is the only place to purchase the Ultimate Castle and the Castle Dungeon Ticket at the best price.

Online bookings must be made 24 hours before you visit. Please note that Admission to the Castle Dungeon is NOT included with Standard online or on the day tickets. There are limited Dungeon's tickets available, and only from Warwick-Castle.

com. Please book in advance to guarantee your Castle Dungeon experience.

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One Day Tickets

Booking online is the best way to get your tickets for Britain's Ultimate Castle. Save 20% and skip the ticket queue when you arrive — it couldn't be easier!

If you're not sure when you want to visit then don't worry — you can still book a Flexi Ticket-valid (有效的) for any day during 2012 so long as the castle is open.

One Day Ticket (excluding the Castle Dungeon) Ticket Type Adult Child (4～6 years old) Senior (more than 60 years old) Student Disabled Child The Ultimate Family Ticket (2 adults ＋2 children) Buy tickets online now! Important notes on ticketing

Please note that if you wish to visit the Castle using an on-the-day promotional voucher( 优惠凭证)．Your Dungeon experience can be prebooked by calling 0870 442 2375.

A ￡ 1.50 fee applies to all bookings made online and via telephone — one fee per booking. Children must be accompanied by an adult. Group rates are available for groups of more than 10 people. Groups can book by calling 0870 442 2371 or online.

Online bookings must be made 24 hours before you visit.

语篇解读：本文介绍了去英国的沃里克城堡参观的一些事项：门票的种类、门票的价格和如何订票等。

5．If you hope to visit the Castle Dungeon, you should ________. A．buy the ticket in person B．dial 0870 442 2371

C．book the ticket from Warwick-Castle. com D．book the ticket two days in advance

解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Ticket Prices & Offers 中第一段中的内容可知，可以在这个网站预订参观Castle Dungeon的票，且是最便宜的。

6．What is the advantage of booking tickets online? A．You don't have to wait in a queue.

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On the day Online Price ￡ 19.95 ￡ 11.95 ￡ 13.95 ￡ 12.95 ￡ 5.00 ￡ 55.00 ￡14.36 ￡9.56 ￡11.16 ￡10.36 ￡4.00 ￡47.00

B．You can save ￡ 20 in total.

C．The ticket includes the Castle Dungeon. D．The ticket is available at any time.

解析：选A 细节理解题。根据One Day Tickets中第一段中的内容可知在网上购票有两点好处：一是可以省20%的钱，二是不必排队。

7．In order to buy group tickets, ________. A．you should dial 0870 442 2375

B．bookings can be made by emails

C．there should be at least 20 people D．you should dial 0870 442 2371 解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知想要订购团体票，应该拨打0870 442 2371，其他选项均与文章不符。

8．If you want to book the Ultimate Family Ticket online, you should pay ________. A．￡ 55.00 C．￡ 47.00

B．￡ 48.50 D．￡ 37.60

解析：选B 推理判断题。根据表格中列出的价格可知在网上预订家庭门票的价格为￡47.00，再结合倒数第二段第一句中的内容可知每次网上或打电话预订要收￡1.50的订票费，因此，实际应付￡48.50。

Ⅲ.短文改错

Nowadays, people in many big cities are complaining the heavy traffic. It has serious influenced people daily life and economic development. To solve the problem, people have put forward some pieces of advices. Some people suggest that more streets and roads are built. By this way, the traffic density can be reduced, thus speeding up the flow of buses and cars.

Some people advise limiting the number of bikes and cars. This can decrease the traffic flow. But on the other hand, this will effect the consumption and makes buses more crowded. In my opinion, the number of private cars should be put under the control. And at the same time, buses should have their own special routes which can be used by other vehicles.

答案：第一句：complaining后加about

第二句：serious→seriously; people→people's 第三句：advices→advice 第四句：are→be 第五句：By→In

第八句：effect→affect; makes→make 第九句：去掉under后的the

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第十句：can→can't/cannot

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