非谓语动词疑难问题详解

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

一、 非谓语动词各种形式所表表示的时间概念：

(1) 如用“(to) do”，表该动作是重复性的或将要做的，如：

I often see him draw.

我经常看见他画画。 据说他明天来。

在舞台上表演我很激动。 He is said to come tomorrow. (2) 如用“to be doing”，表该动作正在进行，如： I am excited to be performing on the stage.

He pretended to be reading when the teacher came in .

(3) 如用“to be done”，强调该动作是被执行。He was said to be sent to abroad.

(4) 如用“to have done”或“to have been done”，表该动作已完成，如：

I'm sorry to have kept you so long.

(5) 如用being done,则可表时三种意思。

A. 作主语，表被动

B. 作宾语(在少数动词或介词后) ，表被动。 alone at home? I m worried about

C. 作定语，表被动(正在被)

(6) having done 表示的时间在谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表主动，常用作 句子的状语。Having finished his homework , he went out to play.

(7) having been done谓语动词所表示的时间之前，且表被动，用作句子的状语

many plants and animals not found anywhere else in the world.

二、 几种非谓语动词用法比较： 对不起让你久等了。

一、句法功能比较

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

非谓语动词虽不是谓语，但仍然是动词的一种形式，在句子仍有着自己的时态。

分词的用法

I．作状语: 表示时间、原因、方式和伴随状态。在表示时间、原因时相当于一个状语从句，在表示方式和伴随及结果时没有相当的状语从句代替。

1. Bitten by the dog, the girl cried loudly.

2. Helped by his friends, he could finish the work very easily.

3. Pushed by the air, the balloon flied into the sky.

4. Although shot several times, he still fought bravely with his enemy.

5. Once bitten by a snake, he was very afraid of all the crawling things

6. Although Questioned and tortured by the enemy, he never gave in.

7. Working in the cotton field, they talked and laughed happily.

8. Looking out of the window, he saw a lot of dinosaurs running through the main

street.

9. Once, while working n a new invention, Edison made 8,000 tests without

success.

10. Being a student, we have a lot of responsibilities.(duties)

11. Opening the door of your heart, you ll find a wonderful world.

12. Having lived in the lonely house for ten years, he hardly knew what the outside

word was.

II. 作定语；单个分词作定语,放在被修饰词的前面; 分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。

1. Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick.

2. Don t read in a moving car or bus.

3. Running water never smells.

4. I want get a shining star for you as a gift.

5. A smiling face doesn t necessarily mean happiness.

6. UFO is considered to be alien s flying machine.

7. Falling leaves and fallen leaves are different.

8. Sometimes a broken cup is more expensive than a new cup.

9. The old man lived in the deserted castle.

10. The newspaper printed in the 17th century is very valuable.

11. The elephants living in Africa are different from the ones in Asia.

The fish swimming through the water plants are very ugly.

(一) 关于动词不定式的考点

考点一：在下列情况下常用不带（或省略）to的动词不定式：

1. 感官动词后面：feel， listen， hear， look at， notice， see， watch， observe，

perceive

2. 表示使役意义的动词，如：have， let， make

3. 一些情态动词后面：had better， would rather…than…，would sooner…than…，

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

rather than， may well do，may as well do （还是…好了），can not but…，can not

4. 在（did， does， done） nothing （anything， everything ）but （except） I can do nothing but follow your advice.

如果but或except之前没有do，其后的to不能省略。

There is no choice but to wait and see.

5. 由all， what引导的主语从句或者主语被only， first， one， least或形容词最高

级修饰时，而且从句中含有do时，其表语如果是动词不定式，则往往省去to.

What I have to do is take a rest.

The only thing I could do was do it myself.

（二）关于动名词的考点

考点一：直接接动名词做宾语的动词和词组: admit， avoid， advise， allow， appreciate， consider， delay， deny， dislike， encourage， enjoy， escape， excuse， fancy， feel like， finish， forbid， forgive， imagine， involve， mind， miss， permit， postpone， practise， prevent， propose， resist， risk， stop， give up， can‘t help， can’t stand， suggest

注意：上述动词中allow， advise， forbid， permit， recommend在有人作宾语时，则后接不定式作宾语补足语。如：allow somebody to do something

考点二：下列短语中to为介词，后面只能接动名词或名词。apply to, look forward to, be familiar to, with regard to, owe…to, be faithful to, turn to, get down to, be opposed to, be sensitive to, live up to, in relation to, admit to, be devoted to, owing to, thanks to, object to

I am looking forward to seeing you again.我盼着再见到你。

考点三：在demand， deserve， need， require， want， worth等词后面接动名词表示被动的意思，即用主动形式表示被动意义。如果接不定式，必须用不定式的被动形式。

考点四：在下列it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中，用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。It is no use（no good， no point， no sense， a waste of time等名词）+ doing sth.

It is good （nice， interesting， useless等形容词） + doing sth.；

There is no point （use， sense， good等名词） + doing sth.

考点五：在“have difficulty （trouble， problem， pleasure， a difficult time） （in） doing sth.”结构中，后接动名词；但注意take the trouble to do sth. ， have no time to do sth.后接不定式。

考点六： 能跟不定式、动词的-ing形式或–ed形式，但意义相差很大的动词有： ① have：have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to,

I had the workers do the job for me.

Jim often has his father help him with his homework.

have somebody /something doing something -ing形式作补语，

They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。

We won t have the child talking to his mother like that.

have somebody/something done宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，有两种情况：

a. 主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：

He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.

b. 主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。

He had his leg broken in the match last month. 他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。 He had one eye lost in the war. 在战争中，他失去了一只眼睛。

② + 宾语 + to do 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。

get + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行。

+ 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系

我修理的时候让他帮我。

你能让车发动起来吗？

(SBⅡA P125) 在午饭之前把你的工作做完。

③ 宾语 + to do 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。 leave + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行。

+ 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。

Don t leave the small chil

To make things worse, many of the men have gone off to cities in search of

④

find + 宾语 + (to be) + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或进行。 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。

⑤

+ 宾语 + do 不定式动作由宾语发出，强调动作的完整性。 see/ hear + 宾语 + doing 动作由宾语发出，强调动作的某一点。 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。

⑥ make + 宾语 + do 不定式动作由宾语发出，宾语和补语之间为主动关系。 + 宾语 + done 宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系。

to others, or you can t make them plan.

2、跟不定式和动词的-ing形式皆可，但意义相差很大的动词

这类动词常用的有：

① try：try to do sth. 尽力做难做的事；

try doing sth. 试着做某一件可能会出现某一结果的事。

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

他试图站起来，但没成功。

Let s try 咱们试着把这个不幸的消息告诉他。

② regret：regret to do sth. 对马上要做的事表示遗憾；

regret doing sth.对已发生的事表示遗憾或后悔。 真遗憾，告诉你我不能来了。

③ can’t help：can t help doing sth.禁不住；

can t help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙干…

I couldn t help

I can t help ④ mean：mean to do sth. 想做；

mean doing sth. 意味着。如： 浪费时光就意味着浪费生命。 革命意味着解放生产力。

⑤ forget：forget doing sth. 忘了已做过的事；

forget to do sth. 忘记将要做的事。如： 我忘了曾把那件事告诉过他。

Don t forget

⑥ go on：go on doing sth. 继续干未干完的事（强调动作的持续）；

go on to do sth. 继续干是一件事（强调事情的转接） 这个老人接着弹奏另一首曲子。 ⑦ remember：remember doing sth. 指记着做过的事；

remember to do sth.记着要做事。如：

Please remember to come on time. 请记着按时来。

⑧ stop：stop to do sth. 停下正在做的动作去做另一动作；

stop doing sth. 停止做动名词所表示的动作。如： 他停下来休息了一会。

Don t stop trying once again. 不要停止，再试一次。

⑨ 动词need, require, want作“需要”解且主语是物时，后面接-ing形式的主动式或不定式的被动式。如： 这个房间需要打扫。 我不能帮助打扫这里了。

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

⑩ 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟-ing形式作宾语，不可以接动词不定式作宾语，但可接不定式作宾语补语。如：

We don t permit 我们这儿不允许吸烟。 请允许我说几句话。

考点七：下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词，所表达的意义无太大的差别。考试中一般很少涉及到，这些动词有：begin， continue， commence， discontinue， attempt， intend， plan， decline， dislike， fear， hate， like， love， neglect， omit， can t bear （stand， endure）， prefer

（三）非谓语动词的其他考点

考点一：独立主格结构

Weather permitting， we ll be going fishing tomorrow.

The students having finished reading the text， the teacher went on to ask them some questions.

All the money having been spent， we started looking for work.

With her hair beautifully done，the customer left the hair-dresser s happily.

考点二：非谓语动词三种表示被动的结构（语法常考题）

to be done不定式的被动态表示将来的动作

being done用来表示动作的正在（被）进行或者表示原因、条件等

done （having been done）表示动作的被动关系或过去完成状态

Are you going to attend the meeting to be held nest meeting？

The question being discussed is very important.

Did you attend the press conference held in Beijing last week？

All flights having been cancelled，they had to take the train. 考点三：分词短语的固定表达方式，通常作句子状语，一般不受句子主语的限制。如：according to…（根据）， judging from…（从……判断）， talking of…（谈到），owing to…（由于）， taking everything into consideration…（全盘考虑）， allowing for…（考虑到…）， leaving…on one side…（抛开……不谈）， generally speaking （总的说来）， frankly speaking （坦率地说）， roughly speaking （粗略地说）， honestly speaking （老实说）， strictly speaking （严格地说）， theoretically speaking （从理论上说）

1.She didn t remember_______his before.(MET 88)

A. having met B. have met C. to meet D. to having met

2.What do you think of the book?

Oh, excellent. It is worth______a second time.(MET 89)

A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read

3.Do you know the boy_________under the big tree?(MET 89)

A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying the sudden burst of light.(MET 89)

A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed

5.Good morning. Can I help you?

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

I d like to have this package________, madam.(MET 89)

A. be weighed B. to be weighed C. to weigh D. weighed

6._________more attention, the tree could have grown better.(MET 90)

A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given

7.Most of the artists________to the party were from South Africa.(MET 90)

A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited

8.The secretary worked late into the night,________a long speech for the

president.(MET 91)

A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing

9.She s upstairs__________letters.(MET 91 )

A. writes B. is writing C. write D. writing

10.The speaker raised his voice but still couldn t make himself_________.(MET 91)

A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard

11.The murderer was brought in, with his hands________behind his back.(MET 91)

A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied

12.I can hardly imagine Peter____________across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.(MET 91)

A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to save sailed

13._______a reply, he decided to write again.(MET 92)

A. Not receiving B. Receiving not

C. Not Having received D. Having not received

14.The salesman scolded the girl caught_______and let her off.(MET 92)

A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing

15.I usually go there_________by train.

Why not________by boat for a change?(MET 92)

A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going back this afternoon.(MET 92)

A. you to call B. you call C. your calling D. you re calling

17._________is a good form of exercise for both young and old.(MET92)

A. The walking B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk

18.“Can t you read?”Mary said_________to the notice.(MET 93)

A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing

非谓语动词疑难问题详解

19.The computer centre,___________last year, is very popular among the students in this school.(MET 93)

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

20.How about the two of us_________a walk down the garden?(MET 93)

A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking

21.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks,_______that he has enjoyed his stay here.(NMET 94)

A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added

22.The first textbooks________for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.(NMET 94)

A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

23.I must apologize for_________ ahead of time.

That s all right.(NMET 94)

A. letting you not know B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not D. letting not you know

24.You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

Well, now I regret________ that.(NMET 95)

A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done

25.___________in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.(NMET 96)

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose

26.The Olympic Games,_______ in 776B.C.? didn t include women players until 1912.(NMET 97)

A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first played

27.Cleaning women in the big cities usually get_________by the hour.(NMET 98)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

28.European football is played in 80 countries,_________it the most popular sort in the world.(NMET 98)

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.D 10.D 11.D 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.D

16.C 17.B 18.A 19.D 20.C21.C 22.D 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.C 27.C 28.A

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