翻译

【1】过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市 拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。

参考答案

In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

难点精析

1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。

2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。

3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。 4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。 5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：有关中国经济的 总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply

企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image; enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation

创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter

假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital

航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry

知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry

国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry

制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries

【2】中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节(the Lantern Festival)，即从农历(lunar calendar)最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢 度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，

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家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联(couplets)，对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探亲访友等。

参考答案

Chinese New Year is the most important traditional Chinese holiday. In China, it is also known as the Spring Festival. New Year celebrations run from Chinese New Year’s Eve, the last day of the last month of the lunar calendar, to the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Customs and traditions concerning the celebration of the Chinese New Year vary widely from place to place. However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. It is also traditional for every family to thoroughly clean the house in order to sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck. And doors will be decorated with red couplets with themes of health, wealth and good luck. Other activities include lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes, and visiting relatives and friends.

难点精析

1.庆祝活动：译为celebrations即可，考生要注意，不要看到?庆祝活动?就想在celebration的后面加上activities。

2. 有很大差异：译为…vary widely,此句还可以翻译为…are rather different。

3.驱厄运、迎好运：译为sweep away ill fortune and to bring in good luck，此处的?驱?如果考生无法译出: sweep away，也可以用简单的get rid of来表达。 4.大扫除：译为thoroughly clean the house。

5.放鞭炮、发红包：译为 lighting firecrackers, giving money in red envelopes。放鞭炮还可以用 set off firecrackers或 fire firecrackers来表达。

【3】剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。

参考答案

Paper cutting is one of China's most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.

难点精析

1.传统民间艺术形式：翻译为traditional folk art,其中folk意为?民间的，民俗的?，art既可以表示?艺术?这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的?艺术形式?，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form—词。 2.美化居家环境：?美化?即beautify，?居家环境?翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment。

3.增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为enhance the joyous atmosphere。注意，动词enhance是个很好的词，要学习下喔。 4.象征健康和兴旺：翻译为which symbolizes health and prosperity, 此处既可以用非限制性定语从句，也可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。

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英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化 京剧 Peking opera 秦腔 Qin opera 太极Tai Chi

口 技 ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏 shadow play

折子戏 opera highlights 杂技 acrobatics

相声 witty dialogue comedy 刺绣 embroidery

苏绣 Suzhou embroidery 泥人 clay figure 书法 calligraphy

中国画 traditional Chinese painting 水墨画 Chinese brush painting 中国结 Chinese knot 旗袍 cheongsam

中山装 Chinese tunic suit 唐装 Tang suit

【4】如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

参考答案

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

难点精析

1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中?抱怨做某事?用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示?找工作有困难?，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘只有当 ……才…… ’用强调句型it is only when…that…表示。

3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。

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4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that…，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示?强烈建议做某事?。

5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.

英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国社会 多元文化论 cultural pluralism 文化适应 acculturation 社会保障 social security 班车 shuttle bus

大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age 独生子女 the only child in a family 单亲 single parent

福利彩票 welfare lotteries

家政服务 household management service 民工 migrant laborers 名人 celebrity

【5】（家庭是社会的基本单位，它的结构随着社会的发展而变化。在中国几千年的封建社会里，自给自足的小农经济占主导地位，家庭不仅是日常生活的基本单位，也是生产单位。）理想的、令人羡慕的家庭是五世同堂，家里的大事由男人做主。近百年来，中国发生了巨大变化，中国社会经过漫长的封建时期，半封建、半殖民地时期进入了社会主义社会。这具有历史意义的变化使中国家庭的结构也改变了。人口众多的大家庭开始分成较小的家庭和直系家庭，总的趋势是出现了越来越多的核心家庭。

（The structure of the family, which is a basic unit of the society, changes along with the development of the society. In China's feudal society which lasted several thousand years, a self-sufficient small peasant economy predominated. The family was not only the basic unit in everyday life, but also a basic unit of production.） An ideal family admired by all consisted of 5 generations, with the male members making all the important decisions. During the last hundred years, great changes have taken place in China. The Chinese society, which had gone through the long feudal period, and later the semi-colonial, semi-feudal period, had turned into a socialist society. This historic change has led to changes in the Chinese family structure. Large families began to divide into smaller extended families and stem families, with the trend pointing toward the emergence of more and more nuclear families.

【6】目前，人类的生存环境正在遭到破坏，美丽的大自然已经不那么美丽了。保护野生动物，也就是保护人娄自己。我强烈呼吁：不要再捕杀黑猩猩，不要再捕杀野生动物了，让我们人类多一些地球上的朋友，多给我们下一代保留一些野生动物吧! 否则，地球将毁灭在人类手中，人类将毁灭在自己手中。

At present, man’s living environment is being ruined, and beautiful nature is no longer so beautiful. Protection of wild life is protection of man himself. So I appeal strongly to all to stop killing the chimpanzee or any other wild animal. Let us human beings have more friends on the earth, and leave more wild life for future generations. Or the earth would be destroyed by man, and man by man himself.

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【7】狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。

The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.

【8】中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。改革开放以来，中国企业与海外企业一直积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长，而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企业与国外企业进一步开展合作。

China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises

【9】假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面，服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质量的要求。 The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.

【10】端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。

The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu

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Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are manyrivers and lakes.

【11】2013年6月20日在中国各地，据估计60万儿童和他们的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(theTiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard theTiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

【12】朝气蓬勃，充满活力，丰富多彩的上海是现代中国的缩影。虽然上海的文化遗迹不能与北京媲美，但是上海迷人的城市风貌，风格各异的万国建筑为这座城市注入了无限的魅力。今日之上海，已经成为享誉中外的国际大都市。漫步在这座日新月异的现代大都市里，你会发现许多精彩的历史亮点，隐现在众多摩天大楼背后的是上海发展变化的轨迹。它们记述了上海自十九世纪末开埠以来，尤其是新中国成立以后，是如何迅猛发展的。

Shanghai is a dynamic, diverse and stimulating city - the very epitome of modern China. Though Shanghai cannot rival Beijing in cultural heritage, its varied architectural styles and cosmopolitan feel give it a charm of its own. Today's Shanghai has become a world-famous international metropolis. A walk through this booming city reveals many glimpses of its colorful past. Hidden Amongst the skyscrapers are remains of the original Shanghai. They keep on showing how Shanghai has been developing fast and enormously since its opening as a commercial port in the late 19th century, especially after the founding of new China.

【13】近代以来，亚洲经历了曲折和艰难的发展历程。亚洲人们为改变自己的命运，始终以不屈的意志和艰辛的奋斗开辟前进道路。今天，人们所看到的亚洲发展成就，是勤劳智慧的亚洲人民不屈不挠、锲而不舍奋斗的结果。亚洲人民深知，世界上没有放之四海而皆准的发展模式，也没有一成不变的发展道路，亚洲人民勇于变革创新，不断开拓进取，探索和开辟适应时代潮流，符合自身实际的发展道路，为经济社会发展打开了广阔前景。

In modern times, Asia experienced twists and turns in its development. To change their destiny, the people of Asia have been forging ahead in an indomitable spirit and with hard struggle. Asia’s development achievements today are the result of the persistent efforts of the industrious and talented Asian people. The people of Asia are fully aware that there is no ready model or unchanging path of development that is universally applicable. They never shy away from reform and innovation. Instead, they are committed to exploring and finding development paths that are in line with the trend of the times and their own situations, and have opened up bright prospects for economic and social development.

【14】吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。为

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了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为?世界无烟日?。瘾君子们说，一天饭不吃可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难捱了，不能戒。只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

Smoking does great harm to human and its gravity should not be underestimated. Smoking pollutes air, damages health, and increases the incidence of lung cancer. To arouse the awareness about the prevalence of tobacco in all the countries and to prevent smoking-induced diseases and deaths, the WHO (World Health Organization) has defined May 31stin every year as World No-Tobacco Day. The tobacco addicts say that smoking is impossible to quit because they could do without meals in a day but would feel tortured without tobacco in two hours. However, when one realizes that smoking is harmful in many ways but beneficial in no way and that it is a curse to others as well as to he himself, he will be determined to resist the temptation of tobacco. To quit smoking requires persistence and so long as one persists, he’ll be rewarded.

【15】越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，让他们充分认识到孩子掌握双语的好处——既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎没有完全改变。曾几何时，他们还非常骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时走访中国，欣赏壮观的自然风光，认识丰富的文化遗产。

An increasing number of English-educated Chinese parents overseas have come to the realization that while English learning is indispensable to their children, it is essential that their kids have a good command of Chinese. China’sire has fully awakened their awareness of the fact that their kids can benefit from their bilingual ability which can not only enhance their competitiveness in the job market, but also facilitate their exposure to and familiarity with the two different cultures between the East and the West. They have hardly changed their attitudes towards Chinese. At one time they proudly declared that they knew English only. Now, they have begun to give full support to their kids learning Chinese and its culture, and they also make occasional visits to China, where they can enjoy its magnificent natural landscape and get to know its rich cultural heritage.

【16】改革开放30 年来，随着中国逐渐崛起成为政治经济强国，海外人士学习汉语的现象与日俱增，海外孔子学院也成了人们学习中国语言和中国文化的首选之地。// 通过学习汉语，他们对这个和自己文化大相径庭的古老文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，而且有机会了解中国的哲学、艺术、医学、饮食文化，亲身体验这个文明古国的风采。// 作为第二文化，中国文化也丰富了他们的生活和世界观。可以说，这个潮流方兴未艾。越来越多的学习汉语的美国人除了对中国菜肴赞不绝口之外，也在尝试针灸，草药和武术。//他们也看功夫电影，学习东方时装潮流和手工艺，不知不觉的在日常生活中谈及中国的点心，人参、银杏，乌龙茶等。目前在美国最热门的中国文化是道家学说和有着神秘色彩的风水学。 As China is rising as a political and economic world power, thanks to its three-decade reform and opening up, more and more people in overseas countries start to learn Chinese and turn to a Confucius Institute in their own countries as their first choice learning Chinese language and Chinese culture.// During the learning process, the learners concurrently develop their interest in this ancient land, whose civilization is so vastly different from theirs. And the learners have opportunities to learn about Chinese philosophy, art, architecture, medicine and catering culture and experience first-hand the splendors of this venerable civilization.// As the second culture, Chinese culture has enriched the

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life and world outlook of the learners. This trend, so to speak, is gathering momentum and is there to stay. Apart from their love for Chinese cuisine, more and more American learners of Chinese language are turning to Chinese acupuncture ,herbal medicines, martial arts.// They are also interested in Kongfu films, fashions and crafts. Seemingly outlandish words such as dim sum, ginseng, gingko, oolong cha have crept into their everyday language. The latest Chinese cultural icons to make its impact there are Taoism, and ancient school of thought, and fengshui, an ancient art of placement.

【17】美国人强调效率、竞争和独创性，而中国人则将严谨规划放在首位，鼓励团队成员之间的密切合作和无私奉献。//在美国学校，讨论享有至高无上的地位，讨论是课堂教学的主旋律；而中国教师喜欢讲课，喜欢考试，编写千篇一律的标准教案，培养整齐划一的高材生。//美国人的政治观，经济观以及社会观的核心是个人道德自治观。中国传统的思想体系是以儒家学说为基础的，这种思想强调整体和谐。//现在，中美联系比以往更加紧密，中国人学英语，玩保龄球，吃肯德基，美国人学汉语，练功夫，吃北京烤鸭，《泰坦尼克》驶进中国，《牡丹亭》也在百老汇上演。//

American people emphasize efficiency, competition and originality while Chinese people give priority to careful planning and encourage close cooperation and altruistic dedication among team members.//In American schools, discussion is given top priority while Chinese teachers like to lecture in class, and a lot of them are obsessed with examinations. They write consistent and standardized teaching plans, and are happy with bringing up identical and standardized talents.//Central to American political, economic and social thought is the concept of individual moral autonomy. Traditional Chinese philosophical systems are based on Confucianism, which sings high praises for communal harmony.//Nowadays, the relation of China and America become closer than ever. Chinese learn English, play bowling, enjoy KFC, while Americans learn Chinese, exercising Fu, like Peking Duck. And Titanic sailed into China, while The Peony Pavilion has been performed on Broadway.//

【18】武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。//

Wushu, or Chinese martial art, cans be traced back to ancient times. It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture. As we all know, the fine culture of a nation doesn’t’belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation (IWUF) have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement. Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.// The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generations have sown wushu seeds in foreign countries. Weshu, which can be used as self-defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon became popular on new lands. Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day

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【19】过去10年，海平面升高和森林看法的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨等一系列环境问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境。// 环境恶化造成的问题之一就是缺水。目前全世界 40%以上的人口，即 20 多亿人，面临缺水问题。据预测，未来 25 年全球人口将有 60 亿增长到 80 亿，环境保护面临更大的压力。// 中国作为一个发展中国家，面临着发展经济和保护环境的双重任务。从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策。// 众所周知，对生态环境和生物多样性的保护是环保工作的重点。我国野生动植物物种丰富，仅脊椎动物就有 6000 多种左右，高等植物 3 万多种。// Sea level rose and forest were destroyed at an unprecedented rate during the last decade. A series of environmental problems such s the deterioration of ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the green-house effect, acid rain, have posed serious threat to human living conditions.// Environmental crisis leads to one of the serious problems, namely, water shortage. Presently, more than 40% of the world’s population, more than 2 billion people, now face water shortage. Its predicted hat with the global population expected to increase from six billion to eight billion over the next 25 years, more pressure on environmental protection stress is expected.// As a developing country, china is confronted with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment. Proceeding from its national conditions, china has, in the process of promoting its overall

modernization program, made environmental protection one of its basic state policies.// It is known to all that protection of the ecological environment and biodiversity is the focal point of

environmental protection work. China is rich in wildlife species. There are about 6,000 vertebrates alone and 30,000species of higher plants.//

【20】北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅 是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大 厦取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。

参考答案

In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved.

难点精析

1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。 2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 | 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中?胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住?是 ： 两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。

3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。

4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。

【21】如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学

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生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。

参考答案

Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.

难点精析

1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中?抱怨做某事?用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示?找工作有困难?，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。

2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为

it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有当 才 ’’用强调句型it is only when?that?表示。 ， 3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。 4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示?强烈建议做某事?。

5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.

【22】过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经 取得了初步的成效。

参考答案

In the past seven years, China’ real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.

难点精析

1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。

2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。

3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。 4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。 5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。

【23】 2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们 的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离 地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个 同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱

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(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系 列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球 上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理 课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理 课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。

On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.

【24】唐朝（Tang Dynasty）被历史学家认为是中国文明最辉煌的时期。唐朝的首都在长安。在与印度和中东（the Middle East）的交流中，在他们的促进下，唐朝在许多领域里得到了长足的发展。唐朝是文学和艺术的黄金时期。唐朝通过科举制度（civil service examinations）在全国选出优秀的儒家文人（Confucian literati）为政府效力，而唐朝的政府体系在儒学官僚（Confucian bureaucratic）的支持下也日臻完善。公元8世纪中期，唐朝势力开始衰落。

Tang Dynasty, whose capital is Chang’an, is regarded by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization. Stimulated by the contact with India and the Middle East, the empire saw a great development in many fields. The Tang period was the golden age of literature and art. Served by a large class of Confucian literati selected through civil service examinations, the government system of Tang Dynasty was gradually perfected under the support of Confucian bureaucratic. By the middle of the eighth century A. D., the power of Tang Dynasty began to ebb.

点评：

1. 注意译文中，为了避免重复，使用了众多?唐朝?的翻译方法： Tang Dynasty, the empire, The Tang period,

2. 句子的合并。将?唐朝的首都在长安?这一文字较少的简单句，直接改为定语从句，合并到了第一个句子之中。

3. 辉煌：译文用的是as a high point，其实可以使用glorious之类的词汇。 4. 历史学家，historian, 其实还是记住expert（专家）这个词比较把握， 5. 长安的翻译需要加?’?, 试比较?广州?的翻译：Guangzhou 6. 注意文中时态的转换。

7. 日臻完善：be gradually perfected 8. 衰落：decay, decline, fade

【25】面子是某个人在他人眼中的社会地位和名声。中国人一生都用语言和行动维护和提升面子。可以小到谁先上电梯，也可以大到百万美元的合同授予。没有面子也就没有了影响力。即使是无意中让别人没面子，也是极其严重的冒犯（dishonor），可能意味着断绝关系。中国人不会公开批评、忽视或取笑他人，即使是开玩笑。点评别人的成绩时，也是先说优点，再讲不足。

The concept of “face” can be described as someone’s social status or reputation in the eyes of others. Throughout a Chinese person’s life, he maintains and enhances his “face” with words and actions. It may be something as small as who gets into the elevator first or as big as the awarding of multimillion dollar contacts. Losing face equals/ means losing power or influence. Even to make someone lose face unintentionally is a serious dishonor and could mean the end of a relationship. Chinese people never

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criticize, ignore or make fun of a person in front of others, even jokingly. When discussing individual performance, they always emphasize good points before bad ones.

【26】在中国，喝茶是一种仪式（ritual），一种精致品位(refined taste)的展示。人们在饮茶的同时，也领略着（take delight in）品茶的情趣之意。喝茶聊天是中国人中最流行的大发时间的方式。过去，他们是以进有名的茶馆（tea house）而开始一天的生活的。中国的茶馆相当于法国的咖啡馆和英国的酒馆。人们到这里不仅是为了喝茶，也是为了议论当地的新闻或对政治话题进行激烈的（furious）辩论。

Tea drinking in China is a ritual and a demonstration of the refined taste. While drinking tea, people also take delight in the essence of tea itself. Chatting over a pot of tea is a very popular way of pastime among Chinese. In the past, they would start the day with a visit to a well-known teahouse. Chinese teahouses would be the equivalent of French cafes and English pubs. People come here not just for tea, but also to discuss local news or to have furious political debates.

【27】据最近的一项网上调查显示，55%的中国青年认为自己对生活缺乏热情，71%的人认为他们承受着巨大的压力。焦虑普遍存在于当今的中国年轻人中。名车、豪宅和优越的生活（live a privileged life）是人们追求的目标。然而，与高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用相比，他们的工资过低且增长缓慢，看不到脱离困境的希望，焦虑因此而产生。

A recent online survey found that 55 percent of young people in China thought they ware lacking enthusiasm for life, and 71 percent considered themselves under heavy pressure. Anxiety is a common phenomenon among young Chinese today. Brand-name cars, luxurious houses and living a privileged life are people’s driven goals. However, compared with the high housing prices, education expenses and medial costs, their income is too low with slow growth and they see little hope for escaping, so anxiety occurs. 【28】传统中国绘画是一门独特的艺术，无论是风格还是技巧都与世界其他艺术门类迥然不同。传统的日本绘画可能算是例外，但是不要忘了，它是深受中国文化影响的。中国绘画采用毛笔（brush）蘸墨汁或颜色，灵巧地挥洒（wield）在纸上。画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一幅图画。在优秀画家的手里，毛笔和墨汁不仅是绘画的工具，也是画家艺术追求的象征。

Traditional Chinese paintings constitute a unique school of art, a school that, in style and techniques is widely different from any other art school in the world. Traditional Japanese art may be the only exception, but it has to be remembered that it has been heavily influenced by the Chinese culture. The Chinese do paintings with brushes, dipping their brushes in ink or paint and then skillfully wielding them. Painters produce on the paper pictures with lines and dots-some heavy, and some light, and some deep, and some pale. In the hands of a good painter, brushes and ink are not only tools for drawing pictures, but also the symbol of his or her artistic pursuit.

【28】二十四节气（solar terms）的划分起源于黄河流域一带（Yellow River area），是中国古代历法（calendar）特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在古代中国，人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先在长期的农业生产实践中，逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来，甚至直到今天，二十四节气在中国的农牧业生产（agricultural and animal husbandry production）中一直起着重要的作用。

The twenty-four solar terms is a unique component and creative invention of the Chinese traditional calendar, first originating from the Yellow River area. It was used to indicate the alternation of seasons and climate changes in ancient China. The establishment of solar terms reflected our ancestors’ knowledge about climate changes during their long history of farming activities. Over years, it has played an important role in China’s agricultural and animal husbandry production even to this day.

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【29】在媒介文化高度发展的今天，年轻人接触外来文化的方式越来越多。根据中国互联网信息中心（CNNIC）的统计，截止到 2004年6月30日，中国上网用户总数达到8,700万人，其中多数是年轻人。现代社会的开放性、多样性，是的年轻人不得不在西方文化的冲击中寻找自己的文化定位。实际上，现在很多年轻人在很多生活方式上已经很难分清它是来自西方还是东方。

In the era of highly developed media culture, young people have more contact than ever with foreign culture. According to CNNIC statistics, by June 30, 2004, China had had 87milion Internet users, most of whom are young people. Coupled with the openness and diversity of modern society, young Chinese people now have to seek their culture orientation under the impact of Western culture. In fact, many aspects of the Western and Eastern lifestyle are so blended that many young people find it difficult to make those lifestyle distinguishable.

【30】刺绣（Embroidery）是中国艺术的一颗璀璨明珠， 在秦汉时期就已达到较高的水平。它是一门传统工艺，有各种样式，广泛分布于中国的各个地区。有些精致（elaborate）绣品需要花费几位熟练技工数月甚至数年才能完成。在服饰文化中，刺绣工艺占有重要地位。它不仅是中国传统艺术和手工艺的瑰宝，也是中华文化的重要组成部分。它代表了中国人民的智慧。

Embroidery which had already reached a high level in the Qin and Han dynasties is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. Embroidery is a traditional craft found in many styles in different parts of China. Some elaborate pieces require months or even years to be finished and call on the skills of several experienced craftspeople. In the costume culture, it occupies an important position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is also an important part of Chinese culture. It represents the wisdom of Chinese people.

【31】京剧在中国有200多年的历史。它源于华东地区的徽剧及华中地区的汉剧，后又汲取了昆曲、河北梆子两种地方戏的精华。由于这一表演艺术在北京兴起并繁荣，因此而得名。京剧是中国最有影响力的戏曲， 在社会各阶层中都有广大爱好者。晴天时，人们常常可以看到京剧票友（amateurs of Peking Opera performers）在街头（street corner）、公园或居民区周围练唱。观看京剧是到中国来的海外游客最喜爱的活动之一。 Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years in China. It started as a derivative of Hui Opera in eastern China and Han Opera in central China, absorbing valuable elements from two regional operas, Kunqu and HebeiBangzi. Since this performing art arose and flourished in Beijing, hence the name. Peking Opera is the most influential opera in China, claiming numerous enthusiasts in all segments of society. It can be often seen that amateurs of Peking Opera performers sing in street corners, parks or residential areas on fine days. Watching Peking Opera is one of the most popular events among overseas tourists to China.

【32】中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。不同于西方人那种每人一盘事物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌事物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。

There are great differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat. This is a sign of politeness.

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★★★

徐霞客一生周游考察了十六个省，足迹几乎遍及全国。他在考察的过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上的结论。他发现前人研究地理的记载有许多很不可靠的地方。为了进行真实细致的考察，他很少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了弄清大自然的真相，他总是挑选道路艰险的山区，人迹稀少的森林进行考察，发现了许多奇山秀景；他常常选择不同的时间和季节，多次重游各地名山，反复观察变换的奇景。

Xu Xiake toured and investigated 16 provinces in his lifetime, covering almost the whole of China/ the whole country. When he was carrying out his investigations, he never took blind belief in the conclusions in the books. Instead he found a lot of unreliable points in the geographic records taken by his predecessors. In order to make his investigations reliable and thorough, he seldom traveled by carriage or boat. Instead, he took long, arduous trips on foot almost all the time, climbing mountains and hills. In order to learn about the truth of nature, he always chose to conduct investigations in mountainous areas with dangerous roads and in lonely / untraveled woods, where he discovered a lot of magnificent peaks and beautiful sights.

★★★

可是我却哭了。哭那陌生的、但却疼爱我的卖灶糖(candy)的老汉。

后来我常想，他为什么疼爱我呢？无非我是个贪吃的、因为丑陋而又少人疼爱的吧。 等我长大以后，总感到除了母亲，再没有谁能够像他那样朴素地疼爱过我——没有任何希求，也没有任何企望的。 我常常想念他，也常常想要找到我那个像猪肚子一样的烟荷包。可是，它早已不知被我丢到哪里去了。 But I cried for the strange old candy peddler who had been so fond of me.

Later on, I wondered why. For no other reason than that I was a foolish little thing who loved candy, with few to love me because of my plain face.

When I glow up, I could never forget that apart from my own mother, no one had loved me so fondly and so disinterestedly, with no expectations whatever.

I often think of him now, and have tried to find that tobacco pouch that had looked like a piece of pork liver. But I don’t know what became of it.

★★★

多少年来，我养成了一个习惯：每天早晨四点在黎明以前起床工作。我不出去跑步或散步，而是一下床就干活儿。因此我对黎明前的北京的了解是在屋子里感觉到的。我从前在什么报上读过一篇文章，讲黎明时分天安门广场上的清洁工人。那情景必然是非常动人的，可惜我从未能见到，只是心向往之而已。 For many years, I have been in the habit of getting up before daybreak to start work at four. Instead of going out for a jog or walk, I’ll set about my work as soon as I’m out of bed. As a result, it is from inside my study that I've got the feel of predawn Beijing. Years ago, I hit upon a newspaper article about street cleaners in Tian’anmen Square at daybreak. It must have been a very moving scene, but what a pity I haven’t seen it with my own eyes. I can only picture it in my mind longingly.

★★★

长沙是一个有3000多年历史的美丽古城。城市的西边是秀美的岳麓山，山下有千年书院?岳麓书院?等众多古迹。市区中心的古城楼天心阁，距今有1000多年的历史。千百年来水质清纯，终年不断的白沙古井也坐落在长沙城中。今天的长沙市民还常常在这里打水饮用。湘江中的橘子洲头，是当年毛泽东先生经常漫步思考的地方，后来还写了一首非常著名的诗来赞美她。

Changsha is a beautiful ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years. West of the city is the beautiful Yuelu Hill, at the foot of the hill, are many historic sites such as Yuelu Academy. In the center of the city is the ancient city gate tower --Tianxin Tower, which was first built 1000 years ago. Also located in the city is the ancient Baisha Well, from which clear and pure water has been gushing out nonstop throughout the year for thousands of years. Inhabitants in Changsha today still come here to fetch water for drinking. Orange Island in the Xiang River was where Mr. Mao Zedong often rambled and meditated. Later he wrote a very famous poem in its praise.

★★★

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洞庭湖是中国第二大淡水湖。洞庭湖畔的岳阳楼，是中国三大名楼中唯一保持原址原貌的国家重点保护文物。岳阳楼所处的位臵极好，它屹立于岳阳古城之上，背靠岳阳城，俯瞰洞庭湖，遥对君山岛，北依长江，南通湘江。自古以来，就是人们观光旅游的好地方。 Lake Dongting is China’s second largest freshwater lake. Yueyang Tower, which is located on its shores, is a national key cultural relic for protection as the only one of China’s famous towers that is kept in its original condition at its original site. The tower is very favorably located, standing as it does on Yueyang’s ancient city wall with the city behind and overlooking Lake Dongting to the distant Junshan Isle; to its north is the Yangtze River and to the south the Xiang River. Since ancient times, the tower has been a good place for sightseeing and touring. (Picture)

★★★

正当这位美军飞虎队员一筹莫展眼看只能坐以待毙时，两名中国男孩从杂草丛钻出出现在他的面前，男孩一样个头，都才十二、三岁年纪。

他如遇救星，立刻打手势让他们过来。

两个男孩稍作迟疑，立即来到了他的身边。在他的指点下，男孩利索地帮他解开了降落伞，并一边一个迅速扶起他往前走。才走不到200米，已经看到了挂太阳旗的日军汽艇，两个男孩简短地商量了几句，就果断地把这名飞虎队员推到山坡边的一丛很深的杂草中，并扯来一大把芦苇将四周盖严后，箭似般消失在树林中。

This American ?Flying Tiger? was at a loss, thinking that he could do nothing but await his doom, when out of the jumble of rank grass emerged two Chinese boys, both of the same height and just a dozen years old.

As if seeing his saviors, he signed to them to come nearer.

The boys hesitated a little and came over to him. With his instructions, they dexterously unfastened his parachute, and helped him along with one of them on each side. But before they had walked 200 m, they saw Japanese motorboats come flying their sun flags. The boys talked a moment and then, without delay, hid the ?Flying Tiger? in a thick growth of grass by the hillside, and putting around him more reeds they had quickly pulled out, they vanished swiftly into the wood.

★★★

现在我自己已是几个孩子的父亲了。我爱孩子，但我没有前一辈父亲的想法，帮孩子一直帮到老，帮到死还不足。我赞美前一辈父亲的美德，而自己却不能跟着他们的步伐走去。

我觉得我的孩子累我，使我受到极大的束缚。我没有对他们的永久的计划，甚至连最短促的也没有。 ?倘使有人要，我愿意把他们送给人家!?我常常这样说，当我厌烦孩子的时候。

唉，和前一辈做父亲的一比，我觉得我们这一辈生命力薄弱得可怜，我们二三十岁的人比不上六七十岁的前辈，他们虽然老的老死的死了，但是他们才是真正活着到现在到将来。 而我们呢，虽然活着，却是早已死了。

Now I myself am a father of several children. Though I love my kids, still I do not share the idea of father and people of his time that one can never do too much in his lifetime to help his children. Much as I admire father and people of his time for their moral excellence, I can never follow in their footsteps.

I think of my children as an encumbrance to me. I haven't worked out a long-term plan for them, nay, not even a short-term one.

\I am fed up with them.

Alas, compared with father and people of his time, the present generation, I think, have regrettably low vitality. We in our twenties or thirties prove inferior to our elders in their sixties or seventies. Today they may be advanced in years or even no more, but they will, nevertheless, live forever and ever.

As for us, though still alive, we have long been dead.

★★★

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为了把女人吃惊时的样子演活，梅兰芳曾花费了不少心思，但总是找不到感觉。一天，他从剧场回到家里，见妻子正聚精会神地整理衣服，他忽然灵机一动，抄起身旁的一个兰花瓷盆，使劲摔在地上。?哐?的一声，瓷盆粉碎。妻子大吃一惊，惊慌地转过身来。就在这一瞬间，梅兰芳及时地捕捉住了妻子的表情和动作，并牢牢地记在了心里，经过反复练习，然后运用到戏里，终于把女人吃惊的样于演得活灵活现。

Mei Lanfang took great pains to act an astonished woman in a lifelike way, but he could never find the right feel. One day, when he came home from the theater, he saw his wife absorbed in tidying up clothes. He hit upon a bright idea, and, seizing a porcelain pot with designs of orchid he smashed it onto the floor. With a crash the pot broke into pieces. Astonished, his wife turned around in panic. In this instant, Mei Lanfang captured her expression and actions and kept them firmly in his mind. After repeated practice, he employed them in his acting, and at last succeeded in vivid acting of an astonished woman.

【翻译题】

一、审题 用时：3-5分钟

审题的重点主要是以下几个方面: 1. 文章大意

2. 文章关键词，核心词 3. 文章时态分布 4. 文章中的生词 5. 文章的句型布局

面对一篇文章，先要了解文章大意，这一点是毋庸臵疑的。不过同学们在阅读中，最好顺便用笔把文中每个句子的主语标注出来，这样可以便于我们捋顺句子之间的逻辑关系，为全文的译文构架打好一个基础。千万不要抓起一篇文章就开始逐句地翻译起来，切记，切记。

把握全文关键词，核心词。这一条其实非常的简单，只有两点：正确使用关键词和正确替换关键词。如果关键词是你会写的词，那么在翻译中，要关注一下，在全文当中，是否会有关键词单、复数的转换使用。是否会有关键词用形式主语、指示代词替换的时候，是否会有省略的时候。反之，如果关键词是我们不会写的词，那该用什么同义词、近义词，甚至是同意短语和近义短语来进行替换？

时态一致，不是全文每一句话都用一致的时态。而是说要使句子的时态与它所发生的时间一致，与它所表达的动词含义一致。在一篇文章中，往往是现在时、过去时、将来时，时时都有；进行时、完成时，完成进行时，事事相关。同时还要注意主动语态与被动语态的转换，以及虚拟语气的使用。

文中的生词，没有别的办法，用相关的词汇和短语进行替换吧。尽量不要出现缺词，用拼音、汉字代替，甚至胡乱编造一个词的方式来敷衍了事。

句型布局，重点关注名词性从句的使用、倒装句结构、独立主格的使用，以及插入语的使用。 二、草稿 0—5分钟

千万注意，这里的草稿，不是说把全文初步翻译一遍，而是说在完成第一遍审题的时候，如果你发现了特别难翻译的句子和短语以及词汇，要把它们先翻译出来，并加以修改，以免在翻译中影响自己思路的整体性。 特别提示： 千万不要被出题人吓唬住！更不要过于推敲！

不论多么夸张的汉语，其实都可以用最简单的英文单词来解决。 你可以嫌它不准确，但没法说它不正确！

比如：题目的汉语写的是?冰清玉洁、沉鱼落雁、闭月羞花、冰清玉洁、倾国倾城、花容月貌、如花似玉、国色天香……?，想要在考场上那么紧张的气氛下，那么宝贵的时间里，把它翻译得信、达、雅……唉，臣妾做不到啊……怎么办？就翻译成?very beautiful,?！

虽然不完美，不准确，但是毕竟把意思表达出来了，总比不会扔着强。

反之，花上十多分钟绞尽脑汁地去考虑一个词儿，呜呜，咱有这时间多看两遍阅读文章好不好。 在为生词进行替换是，切记一个原则：?不咋地，能咋地！? 三、初稿 15—20分钟 完成全文。

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在具体动手翻译时，要注意一下几个方面的问题。 1. 句子的合并：两个或多个句子合为一句的情况。 2. 句子的拆分：一个句子拆成多个句子的情况。 3. 主语的省略、添加与替换

4. 语序的调整：切记不可一味地按照汉语的顺序，一一对应地翻译成英语。 5. 分词的使用 6. 独立主格的使用 7. 插入语的使用 8. 虚拟语气的使用 9. 从句的使用

完成全文时，一定要从文章整体着眼，有全局意识。 四、校对检查 5分钟

检查词汇拼写、时态应用以及句子完整性。重点检查一下项目： 1. 单词拼写错误：尤其别忘了看看原文中给出的单词，是否抄错 2. 动词形式的错误：过去式，过去分词，单数第三人称形式 3. 主谓一致

4. 名词复数的变法

5. 冠词的使用：季节前面加the吗？街道前面有the吗？最高级前加the了吗？ 6. 人称代词与物主代词：有木有第一句话还是she，到了后文一激动，就变成he了 这些小问题，其实只要稍加检查，就能修正过来。反之，则是白白的把分扔出去啊。 第三节：储备知识点 词汇准备：

1. 名词：可数名词与不可数名词、名词复数的常规变化与特殊变化、阳性名词与阴性名词

2. 形容词：重点看描述人、物的性质特征的静态形容词，如：tall, short, beautiful, shallow等3. 副词：重点看表示程度的副词，如growingly, increasingly, hardly, considerably等 4. 关系连接词：并列、递进、转折、因果、让步、条件、解释、顺承等 5. 动词：5.1看表示态度、观点的动词，如关注、认为、重视等 5.2与数字相关的动词：上升、下降、减少、增加、翻番……

6. 表达数量的词汇：既包括基数词、序数词等常规词汇，也要掌握?几番??几倍?之类的词。 更要掌握表示?时期?、?年代?、?时间?的词汇， 语法准备：

1. 时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，完成时，进行时，完成进行时

2. 语气：虚拟语气，尤其是would, should, could, might + have + done的用法，were的用法 3. 语态：主动语态与被动语态。 句型准备： 1. 倒装句 2. 主语从句 3. 宾语从句 4. 定语从句 5. 独立主格

第三节涉及的内容众多，这里实在无法一一列举了，大家参见我博客里的语法部分的讲稿吧。 第四节 实战演练

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