04 现在分词功能 形式变化 思维导图（改进版）

舟楫英语课堂 精通句子结构 非谓语动词（四） 动词的ing形式的句法功能 Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 Traveling abroad can be very exciting. 出国旅游是很激动人心的。

ing形式 + 谓语动词 Learning new words is very important. 学习新的单词是非常重要的。 1． 作主语 as the It's nice talking to you. 和你谈话很高兴。 It's good hearing English spoken. 听到人家在讲英语，我很高兴。

It's+ 形容词（附表1） + ing形式 subject It's dangerous your drinking so much liquor. 你喝那么多酒，真危险。 ['s?bd?ikt] It's no use arguing about it. 争论那件事毫无用处。 It's been a lot of fun meeting you. 见到你真是太有趣了。

It's + 名词（附表2） + ing形式 It's a waste of time your talking to him. 你跟他说话，真是浪费时间。 2. 作宾语 as the object ['?bd?ikt] 1. I enjoy working with you. 我喜欢和你共事。 Pardon my asking, but is that your husband? 请原谅我多问，那位是您的先生

有些动词（附表3） 2. Would you mind filling out this form? 请你填这张表格好吗？ She admitted having driven the car without insurance. 她供认驾驶了这辆没有保险的轿车。

只能接ing形式作3. He avoided giving us definite answer. 他避免给我们作明确的回答。 He can’t endure being defeated.他无法忍受失败。 4. You mustn't delay sending the letter. 你不要耽误了送信。 Excuse my interrupting you. 对不起，打扰你一下。 宾语，不能接不定5. He left off playing the piano to answer the door.他停止弹钢琴，前去开门。 Do you fancy going out this evening? 今晚你想不想出去？ 6. Lentils ['lentil] do not require soaking before cooking.小扁豆在烹饪前不必浸泡。吗？ He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 式作宾语 7. I’d advise buying your tickets well in advance if you want to travel in August. She narrowly missed hitting him. I'm thinking of visiting these cities. 我在想游览这些城市。 She was tired of drawing. 她厌倦画画。 He's fond of swimming in deep water. 他喜欢在深水游泳。 作短语动词的宾语 I object to being jumped upon for trivial matter like this. 我讨厌因这种小事而受人责备。 She isn’t used to living in the countryside now她不习惯在乡下生活。 包括含介词to的动Reporters should stick to investigating the facts. 记者应该坚持调查事实真相。 I've been looking forward to coming to Beijing. 我一直盼望来北京 词短语（附表4） I like your method of doing the work. 我喜欢你做这工作的方法。 After playing chess, we watched TV. 下完象棋之后，我们看电视。

作介词的宾语 Thanks for coming to see me. 谢谢你，来看我。 Instead of going home, he went to see a film. 他没有回家而是去看电影。 3. 作宾补 as the 动词 ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在We saw them . 我们看见他们穿过那条马路。 I heard a woman . 我听见一个妇女在楼下叫喊。 object complement 进行。感觉到的动作不是全过程。 I felt something . 我感到有东西爬上我的双腿。She is listening to her sister . 她正在听她妹妹唱歌。 4. 作定语 as the 作名词的前置定语（附表5） There is a (swimming) pool in the building. attributive ing形式短语作后置定语 Do you know the man( standing at the entrance)? 你认识站在入口处的那个人吗？ There were a lot of people (boating on the lake.) 湖上有许多正在划船的人。 [?'tribjutiv] 动词ing形式作表语表示泛指意义的动作 His hobby is collecting stamps. 他的爱好就是集邮。 My hobby is growing flowers. 我的爱好是种花。 5. 作表语 as the My favourite sport is playing tennis. 我喜爱的运动是打网球。 predicative 在句型\主 + 系 + 表\中，若主语和表语都是非谓语形式时，主语和表语要取得一致。如：主语 是ing形式表语也应是ing形式，主Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 ['predi.keitiv] 语是不定式时表语也应是不定式。 To see is to believe. 作时间状语 [Crossing the road], he was run over by a car. [Having done their homework], the students played football. 作原因状语 [Not knowing English], he couldn't understand the film. [Having lived in Shanghai for years], he knows the place very well. 6. 作状语 as the 作条件状语 [Working hard], you will do well in the exam. [Turning to the left], you will see the post office. adverbial 作结果状语 [?d'v?:bi?l] His parents died in the war, [leaving him an orphan]. The child fell, [striking his head against the door and cutting it]. 作让步状语 作伴随状语

[Working or reading], she always did her best. [Not being a rich man himself], he helped the poor generously. The children went into the classroom, [talking and laughing]. She sat there, [staring at the ceiling （['si:li?]天花板）].

（附表1）It's+ 形容词 + ing形式 useless 无用的 nice 令人愉快的 good 好的 interesting 令人感兴趣的 dangerous 危险的 （附表2）It's + 名词 + ing形式 no use 没有用 no good\好处\没有好处 fun 乐趣 a waste of time 时间上的浪费 （附表3）有些动词只能接ing形式作宾语，不能接不定式作宾语 suggest 建议 delay finish 完成 practice avoid 避免 fancy can't help 忍不住 excuse mind 介意 pardon 原谅 get down to 着手，开始 admit 承认 advise 建议 lead to 导致 enjoy 喜欢 consider 考虑 leave off 停止 deny 否认 stick to 坚持 require 需要 endure 忍受 postpone 推迟 escape 逃 be used to 习惯于 put off 推迟 miss 未击中 get used to 习惯于 推迟 练习 想要 宽恕 （附表4）作短语动词的宾语包括含介词to的动词短语 devote …to 把……献于 object to 反对 pay attention to 注意 look forward to 盼望 （附表5）动词ing形式作名词的前置定语 swimming pool 游泳池 running shoes 运动鞋 dying words 遗嘱

teaching method 教学方法 jumping rope 跳绳 livingroom 客厅 washing machine 洗衣机 jumping board 起跳板 dining room 餐厅 walking stick 手杖 diving suit 潜水服 helping teacher 辅助老师 Sleeping Beauty 睡美人 laughing line 笑纹 killing house 屠宰场 sleeping bag 睡袋 crying shame 奇耻大辱 singing sand 鸣沙 running water 自来水 waking device 叫醒 dancing hall 舞厅

舟楫英语课堂 精通句子结构 非谓语动词（五） 动词ing形式的复合结构 动词ing形式的时态 动词ing形式的语态

ing形式的逻辑主语通常与句子的主语是一致的。但是，如果出现ing形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，则要在ing形式的前面加上一个物主代词，或名词所有格。在非正式语体中也可以用名词的通格或代词宾格代替。\形式的复合结构\在句子中可以作主语、表语和宾语： 一般式 ing形式一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是正在发生： 完成式 ing形式完成式表示的动作在谓语动词的动作之前： 作主语 Your coming to help us was a great encouragement. 你们来帮助我们是一种极大的鼓舞。 It is (of) no use your telling me not to worry. 你要我不要担心是没有用的。 My son staying up so late worried me. 我儿子老是熬夜令我担心。 作表语 Our only worry is your relying too much on yourself. 我们唯一担心的是你太倚重自己。 作宾语 Do you mind my smoking here? 我在这儿抽烟你介意吗？ I can't understand his thinking like that. 我不能理解他的这种想法。 I don't mind him going. 他去我没有意见。 She hates people losing their tempers. 她讨厌人发脾气。 I hate people being unhappy. 我不喜欢有人闷闷不乐。 [Arriving at the station], he found the train had left. 到达车站时，他发现火车已经开了。（动作几乎同时） The man (planting trees in front of the building) is our schoolmaster. 在大楼前面种树的那个人是我们的校长。（正在发生） Locking the door, she went out. (locking 与went out 之间无时隔) [Having dressed myself], I went to the office. 我穿好了衣服就到办公室去。（ing形式的动作在先） [Not having tried his best], he failed in the exam. 由于没有尽力备考，他考试没能通过。（ing形式的动作在先） Having finished his pipe, he rose from the table. （having finished 与rose有时隔，以免唐突无礼） 被动态 当逻辑主语是ing形式的承受者时，ing形式应采用被动态。 主动的形式被动意义 表格中的动词后面接ing形式，用主动的形式表示被动的含义。 This question is far from being settled. 这个问题远没有解决。 I don't remember having been given a chance to have a try. 我记不起曾经有人给过我一个机会让我尝试一下。 Do you mind Jam's being left alone at home? 詹姆独自一个人在家你介意吗？ He has insisted on his being called Dr. Turner instead of Mr. Turner. 他强调过被称为特纳博士，而不是特纳先生。 want 需要 need 需要 require 需要 deserve 应得 The boy richly deserved whipping([wip] v. 抽打). 那个男孩着实得用鞭子抽一顿。 The plants want watering daily. 这些花草需要天天浇水。 This shirt needs washing 这件衬衫该洗了。

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