2017--2018学年译林版必修七unit 3 the world online grammar an

unit 3 the world online grammar and writing学案

助动词

[语法初识]

原句感知 ①I am speaking in favour of the Internet. ②There are two main points which must be included when we analyse the Internet. (1)按英语词类划分，以上各句中黑体部分的词均为助动词。 自主探究 ③With the touch of a button or the click of a (2)以上各句中黑体部分的词均无词汇意义，mouse, a student will find abundant 不能单独作谓语。 information. (3)②⑤句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词④These problems do not occur as often when 一起构成被动语态。 people use traditional reference materials. (4)①③⑥句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动⑤To help solve this problem, a special clinic 词一起构成时态。 was opened in Beijing in 2005. (5)④句中黑体部分的词在句中与实义动词⑥One university did a study about the students occur一起构成否定。 who had dropped out. [语法剖析]

语法点一 助动词的概念 协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词(Main Verb)。助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉语翻译，用于构成时态、语态。

语法点二 类别 基本助 动词 例词 特点 无词汇意义，只有语法作用，协be, do, have 助主要动词构成时态、语态、否定句、疑问句等 助动词的分类 be about to, be due to, be going to, be likely to, be meant to, be 助动词短语(半助动词) supposed to, be willing to, have to, seem to, be unable to, be unwilling to 其他助 动词 [即时演练1] 用适当的助动词填空

①In the past, many students did not know the importance of English. ②I haven't (not) seen him for a long time.

③Only when we began our college life did we realize the importance of English. ④I bought this watch here yesterday, but it doesn't work. ⑤He will come to the office this afternoon.

⑥These books are not supposed to be taken out of the reading-room.

语法点三 1. 助动词be的用法 用法 be ＋现在分词，构成进行时态 be ＋过去分词，构成被动语态 表示最近、未来的计be ＋ 动词不定式 [即时演练2] (1)完成句子

①她现在正在写一本书。 She is_writing a book now. ②当我到达那里时，他们正在看电视。 They were_watching_TV when I got there. ③很多人在地震中丧生。

Many people were_killed in the earthquake. 划或安排 表示命令 例句 English is becoming more and more important. They were having a meeting. English is taught throughout the world. The window was broken by Tom. He is to go to New York next week. You are to explain this. 基本助动词的用法 shall, will, should， would 无词义，主要用来构成将来时 在功能上介于主要动词和助动词之间的一类结构 ④下午2点你到老师办公室。

You are_to_get to our teacher's office at 2 o'clock. (2)(重庆高考)James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday. A．will come B．was coming C．had come D．came

解析：选B。考查时态。前一句说James已经到了，然后用but语意一转说直到昨天才知道他要来，据此可知应该填表示将来含义的时态。A项虽然表示将来，但是因为主句用了过去时，从句不能用一般将来时，因此只能选择B项，用过去进行时表将来。

(3)(北京高考)—Hi, let's go skating.

—Sorry, I'm busy right now. I________ in an application form for a new job. A．fill B．have filled C．am filling D．will fill

解析：选C。考查时态。句意：“嗨，我们去滑冰吧。”“对不起，我现在很忙。我正在填一份新工作的申请表。”由答句中的时间状语right now和上下文语境可知，此处表示正在发生的事，应用现在进行时，故选C项。

(4)(大纲卷)Unless some extra money ________， the theatre will close. A．was found B．finds C．is found D．found

解析：选C。考查动词时态和语态。句意：除非找些额外的资金，否则这个剧院就要倒闭。状语从句遵循“主将从现”的原则，同时money与find之间是动宾关系，故选C。

2．助动词have的用法

用法 have/had ＋过去分词，构成完成时态 have ＋been ＋现在分词，构成现在完成进行时 have ＋ been ＋过去分词，构成完成时态的被动语态 [即时演练3] (1)完成句子

①那不可能是约翰，他进城了。 It can't be John. He has_gone to town. ②我一上午都在修理冰箱。

I have_been_fixing the fridge all this morning. 例句 By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. I have been studying English for ten years. English has been taught in China for many years. ③英语在我国已被广泛使用了。

English has_been_used widely in our country. (2)(天津高考)We won't start the work until all the preparations ________． A．are being made B．will be made C．have been made D．had been made

解析：选C。考查时态和语态。句意：在所有准备工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。在时间、条件状语从句中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的动作make要先于主句谓语动词的动作start之前发生，应用现在完成时表将来。故选C项。

(3)(湖南高考)Since the time humankind started gardening, we ________ to make our environment more beautiful.

A．try B．have been trying C．are trying D．will try

解析：选B。考查动词的时态。句意：自从人类开创园艺工作以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更加美丽。根据前面的时间状语从句可知，try这一动作从过去一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去，故主句应用现在完成进行时。

(4)(江苏高考)—How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing?

—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms. A．cover B．will cover C．have covered D．covered

解析：选C。考查时态。根据两人的对话及句中的in a variety of forms可知，媒体已经以多种形式对南京青年奥运会进行了报道，因此选择C。

3．助动词do的用法

用法 构成一般疑问句 do＋not构成否定句 构成否定祈使句 放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气 用于倒装句 代替实义动词以避免重复 [名师点津] (1)构成否定祈使句只用do，不用did和does。

(2)加强动词语气，应在具备以下两个条件时使用：①只用于一般时；②只用于肯定句。 (3)用于倒装句，应具备副词 never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so等位于句首的条件。

例句 Do you want to pass the CET？ I do not want to be criticized. Don't be so absent-minded. Do shut up！ Little did I know about the city when I was young. She works harder than he does.

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