CET-4作文方法与技巧

CET-4 作文方法与技巧

---写作考试是9:10--9:40，共30分钟，分数所占比例为15%。

---四级作文的满分标准：

要求120字的作文，要写150字左右，另外 1. 卷面整洁，书写清楚 2. 高级词汇，句式多变 3. 中心突出，结构分明 4. 语法拼写，极少错误 5. 固定经典，名言注目

---四级写作的七大原则：

一、 长短句原则。

工作还得一张一弛呢，老让改卷子的老师读长句，累死人!写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat；as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite

similar. 如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉?牢记!强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短 在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉!

二、 主题句原则。

国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成\群龙无首\之感!相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事!特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的! To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.

三、 一二三原则。

领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、

第二部分、第一点... 如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的\标签\来判

定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。

1)first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：不是一般的俗)

2)firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：相当俗)

3)the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：非常俗)

4)in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：比较俗)

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not the least(强烈推荐)

8)most important of all, moreover, finally 9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚!

四、 短语优先原则。

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个

好处：

其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点--精彩的单词和短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。

其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办?用短语是一个办法!比如： I can’t bear it. 可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。

五、 多实少虚原则。

原因很简单，写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。我这里所说的虚词就是指那些比较大的词。比如我们说一个很好的时候，不应该之说good 或者nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous,

interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted,

hospitable(好客的) 之类的形象词。再比如： 走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip（溜，悄悄地走） out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail（以优美地姿态走） out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance（蹦，跳） out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger（蹒跚） out of the room 所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩!

六、 多变句式原则。

1)加法(串联)。都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加词, 但最好是前后的句子有先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： Not only the fur coat is soft, but also it is warm. 其它的短语可以用： besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover

2)转折(拐弯抹角)。批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接

受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。

▲ The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.

▲ The coat was thin, but it was warm. 更多的短语： despite that, still, however, nevertheless,

in

spite

of,

despite,

notwithstanding（尽管）

3)因果(so, so, so)。昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友...可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系! The snow began to fall, so we went home. 更多短语： then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that

4)失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)。有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让改卷者看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从

句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。举例：This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分： When to go, Why he goes away...

5)附加(多此一举)。如果把一些更具体，更详细的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句或者同位语从句或者是插入语。

★ The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.

★ I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. ★ Mr. Liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.

其实很简单，这些成份删除后，并不影响整个句子的构成。

6）排比（排山倒海句）。文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个的对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！

◆ Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.

◆ Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. ◆ We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.

七、 挑战极限原则。

既然是挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非高不可攀！原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：

■ The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.

■ Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.

独立主格的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语

与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。

2）名词与后面的分词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即逻辑主语为动作执行者。

3）独立主格结构一般有逗号

与主句分开。

---四级高分词汇搭配： 经济的快速发展

the rapid development of economy

人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长

the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people’s living standard

先进的科学技术

advanced science and technology

面临新的机遇和挑战

be faced with new opportunities and challenges

人们普遍认为

It is commonly believed/ recognized that…

社会发展的必然结果

the inevitable result of social development

引起了广泛的公众关注

arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention

不可否认

It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…

热烈的讨论/ 争论

a heated discussion/ debate

有争议性的问题 a controversial issue

完全不同的观点

a totally different argument

有充分的理由支持

be supported by sound reasons

发挥着日益重要的作用

play an increasingly important role in…

正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes

对…产生有利/不利的影响

exert [ig‘z?:t] (施加) positive/ negative effects on…

利远远大于弊

the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

导致，引起

lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in

复杂的社会现象

a complicated social phenomenon

责任感 / 成就感

sense of responsibility / sense of achievement

竞争与合作精神

sense of competition and cooperation

开阔眼界

widen one’s horizon / broaden one’s vision / enlarge one’s view

学习知识和技能

acquire knowledge and skills

经济 / 心理负担

financial burden / psychological burden

考虑到诸多因素

take many factors into account/ consideration

从另一个角度

from another perspective

做出共同努力 make joint efforts

为社会做贡献

make contributions to the society

打下坚实的基础

lay a solid foundation for…

综合素质

comprehensive quality

致力于/ 投身于

be committed / devoted to…

不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty

满足需求

satisfy/ meet the needs of...

可靠的信息源

a reliable source of information

宝贵的自然资源

valuable natural resources

方便快捷

convenient and efficient

在人类生活的方方面面

in all aspects of human life

社会进步的体现

a symbol of society progress

对这一问题持有不同态度

hold different attitudes towards this issue

支持前/后种观点的人

people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion

在一定程度上

to some extent/ degree / in some way

理论和实践相结合

integrate theory with practice

日益激烈的社会竞争

the increasingly fierce social competition

眼前利益

immediate interest/ short-term interest

长远利益

interest in the long run

有其自身的优缺点

… has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages

对…有害

do harm to / be harmful to

交流思想/ 情感/ 信息

exchange ideas/ emotions/ information

跟上…的最新发展

keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast [?'brest] with the latest development of …

采取有效措施来…

take effective measures to do sth.

…的健康发展

the healthy development of …

对…观点因人而异

Views on …vary from person to person. 重视

attach great importance to…

社会地位 social status

把时间和精力放在…上 focus time and energy on…

扩大知识面

expand one’s scope of knowledge

身心两方面

both physically and mentally

有直接/间接关系

be directly / indirectly related to…

提出折中提议

set forth a compromise proposal

保障社会的稳定和繁荣

guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society

更多地强调

put more emphasis on…

适应社会发展

adapt oneself to the development of society

实现梦想

make one’s dream come true

主要理由列举如下

The main reasons are listed as follows

我们还有很长的路要走

We still have a long way to go

---四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式 1．表示原因

1）There are three reasons for this． 2）The reasons for this are as follows． 3）The reason for this is obvious．

4）The reason for this is not far to seek． 5）The reason for this is that．．．

6）We have good reason to believe that．．． 例如：

There are three reasons for the changes that have

taken place in our life． Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like． Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．

2．表示好处

1）It has the following advantages． 2）It does us a lot of good． 3）It benefits us quite a lot． 4）It is beneficial to us． 5）It is of great benefit to us．

例如：

Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better， and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，

reading extensively is of great benefit to us．

3．表示坏处

1）It has more disadvantages than advantages ． 2）It does us much harm． 3）It is harmful to us． 例如：

However，everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful to us． It can do harm to our health and make us

lazy if we spend too much time watching television.

4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能

1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．

2）We think it necessary to do sth． 3）It plays an important role in our life． 例如：

Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon， computers will

be found in every home， too． We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．

5．表示措施

1）We should take some effective measures． 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．

3）We should do our utmost(极限，最大可能) in doing

sth．

4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with．

例如：

The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious． Therefore，we must take some effective

measures to solve it．

6．表示变化

1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years．

2）A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．

3）The computer has brought about many changes in education．

例如：

Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years． The major reasons for these changes are not

far to seek．Nowadays， more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein[‘pr?uti:n]（蛋白质） ， and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins[’vait?min]（维生素）．

7．表示事实、现状

1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．． 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．

5）However，that’s not the case． 例如：

We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution． To solve these problems，

we can start by educating the public about the hazards[‘h?z?d] （危险，危害） of pollution． The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．

8．表示比较

1）Compared with A，B．．．

2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV． 3）There is a striking contrast between them．

例如：

Compared with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleum[pi‘tr?uli?m]（石油）．Secondly， they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least， they contribute to people’s health by giving them due（应有的，到期的） physical exercise．

9．表示数量

1）It has increased（decreased）from．．．to．．． 2）The population in this city has now increased（decreased）to 800，000．

3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％ compared with that of January．

例如：

With the improvement of the living standard， the

proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．

From the graph listed above， it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than

two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000．

10. 表示看法

1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth．

2）People have different opinions on this problem． 3）People take different views of（on）the question． 4）Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．． 例如：

People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor.

However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.

11．表示结论

1）In short，it can be said that ．．． 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows． 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ．．．

例如：

From what has been mentioned above， we can come

to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved.

12．套语

1）It’s well known to us that ．．． 2）As is known to all，．．．

3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about． 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that ．．．

5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way．

例如：

As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus． The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer

an “ivory[‘aiv?ri] （象牙） tower.

---CET-4写作（开头，中间，结尾）常用句型： A. 开头

1、There is an interesting and instructive picture which goes like this: ______________.

2、_______ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.

3、Recently, _________ has been brought to such popular attention that _________.

(e.g. Recently, the problem of global warming has

been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.)

4、One of our ancient philosophers said,

______________. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.

5、No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that... 或：Everyone would agree that...

B. 中间

1．建议和解决方法

1）. A great number of solutions are being offered.

Some people suggest that ____________. Others argue that _____________.

2）. But I don’t think it is a very good way to

solve ________. For instance, _________. Worst of all, ___________.

3）. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,…. Secondly,…. Finally

4）. If we let the situation go as it is, …. By that time, …. 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，……。

5）. If……, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。

2. It 结构

1） It is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.

2） It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.

3） It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine. 4） It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate. 5） It seemed to me that the only thing that matters is to learn through failure.

6） It pays in the long run （从长远的角度看……）to introduce new technique.

3. 动名词或分词结构

1） Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young person's health. 2） The art of communication requires learning the

language and culture of the audience.

4. 递进式结构

1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they’re cheaper than frozen ones. 2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other people's lives，but also added happiness into our own.

5. 表示重要性或必要性

1） It’s important to set aside time for relaxation，hobbies ，and entertainment as well. 2） A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success. 3） Global warming can endanger our lives so much

that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it.

6. 表示目的

1） The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.

2） The intent is not to catch everyone but rather

to catch enough to spread the word.

3） Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.

7. 表示结果

1） Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health.

2） If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused.

3） By consistent hard work we will be able to achieve our objectives （目标）.

8. 表示对比和比较

1） Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. 2） Work is more than a necessity for most human

beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.

3） Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize one's potential. 4） The more scientists find out，the more questions

they are unable to answer.

9. 表示条件或假设的结构

1） Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner.

2） As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.

3） Were it left to me to decide whether we should _______, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

4） Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.

10. 表示举例

1） Take ______ for example，

2） An illustration（例证）may make the point clear.

11. 表示采取措施

1） The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties. 2） As college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olympic Games.

3） The school authorities should invest more

energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.

12. 表示让步关系

1） While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times. 2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.

13. 表示因果或前提关系

1） Because of (owning to) the pressure（压力）of examinations， many students are left with little or no free time.

2） Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.

3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。

4） The reason for this is that 。。。

14. 表示存在的问题

1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21 century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.

2） To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it.

3） Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.

4） Many people find it harder and harder to keep

up with the radical changes that characterize（显示。。。特征） our time.

15． There be结构

1） There are other techniques that might help you

with your studying.

2） There is much that we can learn from the Chinese

classic works.

3） There is no sense（道理）in leaving important

decisions to inexperienced people.

C. 结尾

1. Only in this way/Only when……/Only through……, will/can we……或：It is only if/when……that we

st

will……

It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.

2. As long as……we will be able to……/the problem is bound to……

As long as we persist in spreading scientific

knowledge

among

the

masses,

all

the

superstitions are bound to go out of our life.

3. With a constant/steady improvement in …… (或With the gradual worsening of……) sth. will…… With a steady improvement in our legal system, this problem will sure be solved earlier or later. 4.

In

a

word,

there

is

every/little

chance/probability/possibility that.……to come. In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese Tradition will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.

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