口译笔译

篇一：口译与笔译之区别

口译与笔译之区别

来源：中国论文下载中心 [ 09-12-03 10:33:00 ] 作者：孙素茶 编辑：studa20

【摘 要】口译表达并不是笔译的简单等同，一个好的笔译工作者不一定能胜任口译工作。这就有必要明确笔译和口译两者之间的区别。本文从工作方式和语言运用两个方面简析下两者的区别，以书译者更好的游刃与其中，以促进两者在中国的发展。

【关键词】笔译 口译 区别

口译又称为“通译”，为互译两方语言，在增进我国与世界各国人民的交往起到了重要的作用。随着我国与外界的交往越来越多，在政治、经济、科学、文化等各个领域与世界组织的关系愈益密切，各地对口译工作者的需求日益迫切，而我国懂外语的人为数不少，杰出的口译工作者也在随之增多。但是口译人员却不可由笔译人员简单代替，口译和笔译之间有一定的区别。

“Like any other language, the material elements spoken English are sounds, which speak to the ears, while those of written English are written types or figures, which speak to the eyes. According to B.I.Evans, so far apart that they almost constitute two different language.”

根据伊万斯所言，笔译和口译几乎是像二种不同的语言。伊万斯的话或许夸张了点，但毕竟说出了要点，笔译和口译是有很大的区别。本文从两个方面略议下两者之区别。

一、工作方式上的区别

1.口译工作总是在很短的时间内完成的，有时甚至是同步进行的。口译人员的主要任务是把讲话人的思想正确地传递给听众，使交谈双方能互相沟通。因此，译员往往会选择第一个映入脑海的词汇，所用的句子结构、表达方法都比较简单，译员受时间的限制，不能参考任何文件或资料，不能向任何专家、学者求救，而且还必须让听众马上理解讲话人的语言。笔译人员由于不受时间的限制，可以借助工具书等，选择最恰当的措辞。从句子结构来说，笔译人员为了美化译文，常采用并列句、复合句以及比喻、排比等修辞方法，笔译人员还可以有时间与别人讨论，求得他人的帮助，然后再写出译文，译文还能请教资深的专家校正。由此可见，口译人员必须独立工作，而笔译人员的工作却可与人合作完成。

2．由于口译工作总是在公众场合，如会场等地方进行，口译工作者要面对众多的听众；笔译人员可以随心所欲地选择场所，可以在图书馆、资料室、书房等处静心地工作。因此，口译工作与笔译工作的另一个不同点是口译人员必须有从容面对听众的良好的心理素质，克服怯场心理。具体方法是平时多加锻炼，会前尽量找机会与会议的组织者、发言人有所接触，尽可能多地了解会议的背景知识，如果对专业性较强的会议翻译，可以事先阅读一些这方面的资料，会前做到心中有底，以防情绪过分紧张而影响翻译质量，当然，译员面对观众，也有其有利的一面，译员可以根据讲话人语调的变化，深入理解讲话的内在含义，也可以用迂回法意译，如果听众还是听不懂，译员还可以换个说法或加些解释，这在笔译中是做不到的。

二、语言运用不同

1.用词上的区别

如：①某一商业街一家鞋店曾挂有一块牌子，上面写道：“这里的鞋子全为逛街者准备，

不妨进来试试”。外国旅游者问译员牌子上说啥。译员顺口译出：“Shoes for street walking. Come in and have a fit”。外国游客一听戛然止步，一个个快步逃离这家鞋店。这是为什么呢？原来译员说的“Street walking”在英语里意为“在街头拉客的妓女”，可想而知，该译员回公司定必被炒鱿鱼不可。

②在大连一次国际服装节开幕式上。来宾们就坐后，主持人首先致词“女士们，先生们。大家晚上好，大家请坐好，大会马上开始”。来宾们中不乏有外国人。译员马上译成英语“Ladies，Gentlemen，please be seated.”咋听并没有什么错，其实这是笔译的译法，这一说不打紧，但却弄得在座位上的外国人坐立不安茫然不知所措。他们在想：“不都坐好了吗？难道还起身再找位置坐不成？”其实，上句话正确口译是：“Attention please。”

2.句法上的不同

口说和书写是完成不同的两回事，而且各有各的特点。通过比较，我们发现两者在句法上，即句子结构上存在许多不同。

（1）结构

笔译一般讲句子结构的完整性；笔译一句话常常是要求句子成分的到位。相反，口译时常常力求简单明快；于是口译中能减则减，能缩则缩。请看下面例子：

①患难见知己。

A：A friend in need is a friend in deed.

B：A friend in deed…

②笑里藏刀。

A：Velvet paws hide sharp claws.

B：Velvet paws.

③小题大做。

A：Make a mountain out of a molehill.

B：Mountains of molehill. 从上面列举的几个句子中，不难看出，同一意思用口译或笔译表达出现了差异。不妨把这差异编成顺口溜：笔译长而完整，口译短而简洁。

又如：

①全对——It’s OK.

②为啥要这样？——Why so？

③现在怎么样?——How now？

（2）缩写

笔译的表达力求语法正确，结构完整，有时还要求修辞效果。所以在笔译中很少使用缩写，特别在一些正式的场合。口译则相反，缩写在口译中处处可见。

①A．I beg your pardon.

B．That’s all right.

②A. Are you not coming？

B. Aren’t you coming?

③A．Will you take a chair？

B．Won’t you take a chair？

又如：

① Today’s News.

② It’ll be done.

③ Don’t mention it.

（3）分词

口译与笔译另一差别是对分词短语在表达中的运用。

如：①我们事先得到警示，所以准备得充分。

A．Warned ahead of time，we went fully prepared.

B．We were Warned ahead of time，we went fully prepared.

②从窗户往里看，空荡荡的房子让他大吃一惊。

A．Glancing through the window，he was surprised to see the house empty.

B．He glanced through the window，he was surprised to see the house empty.

从上例我们得出结论：在多数情况下，外人都会使用简单句代替复杂句。

总而言之，既然口译与笔译有差异，为了避免产生一些不必要的误会，我们不妨按俗话说的“先三思而后行”，做到“先想后说”，而不是“先说后想”。随着我国与国外的联系，为了促进个人与个人、集团与集团之间的互相认识、互相了解、互相交往、互相尊重，口译起到了至关重要的作用。因此，更应区分开两者，以便更好的应用。

参考文献：

[1]刘和平.口译理论与教学.中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.

[2]刘和平.思维科学与口译推理教学法.中国对外翻译出版公司，2001.

[3]王斌华.口译：理论·技巧·实践，武汉大学出版社，2006.

[4]杨承淑.口译教学研究：理论与实践.中国对外翻译出版公司，2005.

[5]张文，韩常慧.口译理论研究.科学出版社，2006.

篇二：英语口译笔译资料全勤

2-1 机场迎宾

人力资源部经理

manager of human resources 顶尖的 top-notch 能够成行 make it

不辞辛劳 in spite of the tiring trip 百忙中抽空

take time of your busy schedule 下了暴雨 run into a storm 等待 be held up 天气好转 clear up 服务 attending service 倒时差 get over the jet-lag 行李齐了 get all the luggage 下榻宾馆

take you to the hotel for a good rest 设宴洗尘 host a reception lunch 总裁 chairman

杂技表演 acrobatic show

2-2 宾馆入住

登记住宿 check in 预定房间 reservation

确认函 confirmation letter 旅行社 travel agency 行程表 itinerary 住处 accommodation 双人间 double room 豪华套房 deluxe suite

8折优惠 have a rate of 20% off 叫醒 morning call 复印 photo-copy 快递 express mail 总台 front desk

餐饮部 catering services 洗熨部 laundry services 楼层服务台 floor service 健身 fitness exercise 教练 coach

合资/独资企业 joint venture 茅塞顿开 enlightening 顾问 consultant

3-1 欢迎光临

邮电 post and telecommunications 海外部主任

director of the overseas department 感到骄傲和荣幸

be very proud and honored 友好邀请 gracious invitation 杰出人士 distinguished group 寄托 have high expectations on 面对大海 look over the seas 外宾专用别墅

villas for overseas visitors 面对大海 look over the sea 字面意思 mean literally

国际机票 international flights 暑期 school break

3-2 投资意向

告诉我你的想法

share my thoughts with you 外国公司 foreign firm

投资目的 investment destination 翻了两番 quadrupled

投资热 rising investment boom

全面对外开放 open the whole country up to the outside world 沿海城市 costal cities

内地 inland cities inferior areas 有利可图 profitable 愿闻其详 I’m all ears to 最大程度 maximize

发挥有关双方的优势 the strengths on both parties concerned 幅员辽阔 massive land 熟练工 skilled labor 税收 taxation

消费者市场 consumer market 基础设施 infrastructure 诱人的投资政策

attractive investment policies 资金 funds

管理知识 managerial expert

4-1 行在美国 在最后期限前完成 meet the deadline

转换措辞 rephrase

据说 It’s said that 由汽车驱动的国家

a country driven by automobiles 夸张的说法 exaggeration

正确的看法 correct observation 生活方式 way of life

免下车银行 driven-in bank

国际驾照 international driver’s license 行车限速speed limit

洲际高速公路 federal expressway 租车服务业 car rental service 付款方式 pay for 信用卡 credit card 万事达 MasterCard 威萨 Visa

美国运通 American Express 押金 deposit

自行销价 special offer

全国客运火车 passenger rail service 灰狗 Greyhound

长途汽车公司 long distance coach 月票 monthly pass

统一定价 regulate price 较低的利率 lower rates 穿梭两地的距离

shuttle/commuter flight

不尽如人意 be not desirable 地铁 subway 出租车 cab/cabby 黄页 Yellow Pages

电话簿 telephone directory

4-2 话说口译

目标听众 target audience

口译模式 mode of interpretation 轮流… take turns doing sth 有耳机的音频系统

Audio system with headsets 隔音的厢 soundproof booth 收听的频率 tune in to listen 对话 open avenue of dialogue

精细的活儿 work in nuance 润色 fine-tune

舍前取后 skip to the end of speech 精神压力 mental strain/fatigue 因而人异 highly individualistic 像冲刺般快速消耗 Fast drain like sprinting 记忆能力和思维能力

stretch both memory and intellect 个人看法 personal observations 接通费 connection fee 咨询的 advisory

仔细确认 double-check 祝你们好胃口 Bon appétit

5-1 故地重游

举世闻名的 world-renowned 多样性 diversity 充满活力 dynamism

对…有特殊的敬爱 a special regard for 怀旧的 nostalgic 难忘的 memorable

最大的礼貌 utmost courtesy 大范围的 extensive 幼稚的 native

使…乌云密布 overshadow

非政府行业 non-governmental sector 互惠 mutual benefit 良好诚意 good faith

战略兼备 strategic relationship 持续发展 flourish

5-2 愉悦之旅

阁下 Your Excellency

文明摇篮 cradle of civilization 重温旧情 renew old friendships 结交新友 establish new contacts 至关重要 vital 始终鼓励

constant source of encouragement

追求 in the pursuit of

共同愿望 common aspiration 努力 endeavor

造福 in the service of

在我讲话结束之前 in closing 荣幸 privileged 祝酒 propose a toast 干杯 cheers

6-1 新春联欢

嘉宾 distinguished guests 繁星满天 moon-lit 全体同仁

all my colleagues of the company

从百忙中拨冗光临

Take the time off busy schedule to come 新春联欢晚会 Chinese New Year’s party 远道而来 come here all the way from 尽情品尝 enjoy…to your heart’s content 美酒佳肴 the unique wine and delicious food 才华横溢 talented 纯正 authentic

无所拘束 in a more casual way 中华民族伟大复兴

The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation 热门话题 the hot topic

至高无上的愿景 utmost wishes 几代人的夙愿

long-cherished hope of several generation 新生 new birth

万事如意 the very best of luck in everything 美梦成真 wish your dream come true

6-2 圣诞晚会

董事长 chairman

装饰华丽 magnificently decorated 良辰佳时 wonderful time 魅力 charm 融洽 harmony 奉献 dedication

全年的亮点 a high point of the year 生活的真谛 some key to life

信念 faith

尽兴尽致 enjoy every minute of it 销售额 sales 务实 pragmatic

辉煌业绩 fruitful achievement

年终岁末之际 at the end of the year

1-1 美国的国土和人民

多种多样的 varied

温带 temperate zone 阿拉斯加 Alaska 夏威夷Hawaii

阿巴拉契亚山Appalachian Mountains 大草原prairie 坎坷起伏的 rough

放牧的cattle-grazing 峰峦积雪的 snow-topped 落基山脉 Rocky Mountains 山脉 range 加利福尼亚 California 是…的后裔 descend 移居者；移民settler 后裔；子孙 descendant 那瓦霍部落 Navaho 分散；散居 scatter 讲西班牙语的Hispanic 源头；出身 origin 血统；出身 descent 白种人Caucasian 波利尼西亚的Polynesian 菲律宾的 Pilipino

1-2 美国的教育

小学 elementary school 中等学校 secondary school 高中 high school

初中 junior high school 两年制专科学校 junior college 职业学校 vocational school 学校教育的；上学 schooling 义务的；必须的 compulsory 管理 administer

学校管理委员会 school board 教育总监 superintendent 课程 curriculum 学区 school district 学期 semester 职业 vocation

本科生（的）undergraduate 文学士Bachelor of Arts 理学士Bachelor of Science 大学文科 liberal arts

文学硕士 Master of Arts(M.A.) 博士 Doctor of Philosophy 人文学科 humanities 联系；从属关系 affiliation

2-1 美国梦

看上去；表面上 seemingly 神话；没有根据的信念 myth 衣衫褴褛的 ragged 孤儿 orphan 便士；分 penny 信息；主旨 message 坚持不懈 perseverance 盛行的；流行的 prevalent 失去控制的 out-of-control 消费主义 consumerism 物质至上主义materialism 温和的；良性的 benign 标志；特征 hallmark 有主动精神的人 self-starter 把…联系在一起 associate 寻求 quest 迷住；强烈吸引 fascinate 公民的权利 civil rights 修辞；言语 rhetoric 种族的；种群的 ethnic 性别 gender

2-2 美国人对待体力劳动的态度荒野 wildness 仰慕 look up to 真正的genuine

豪华地 luxuriously 陈设；布置furnish

职业（性）的 professional 家务活 chores 需要；成为必要 entail 低下的；卑贱的 humble 园艺gardening 速记员 stenographer 木工手艺 carpentry 为沙发等装套子 upholstering

室内装潢 interior decorating 缝；做针线活 sew 上油grease 县展评会 county fair 度假屋 vacation house 对…作景观美化 landscape

3-1 混合经济：美国的经济制度公有制 public ownership 生产资料 means of production 实行；运行operate 管制；调节regulate 互动interaction 运转function 主要的 primary 通常，一般来说 as a rule

同时地 simultaneously 动态的 dynamic 静态的 static

大幅度地；戏剧性地dramatically 超过outnumber 统计数据 statistics 惊人的 startling

个体经营 self-employment 企业家 entrepreneur 合伙企业 partnership[ 公司corporation 股东shareholder

3-2 证券交易所

股票stock

证券交易所stock exchange

确实地literally 上市 list

股票经纪人 stockbroker 梧桐树buttonwood 华尔街Wall Street 曼哈顿Manhattan

使…开始运转Set…in motion 不动摇的 unwavering 义务；奉献 commitment （证券）发行人 issuer

营业公司 operating company 上市的证券 listed securities 交易场所 trading floor 普通股common stock 优先股preferred stock

经济行 brokerage house/office 佣金 commission 执行 execute 电话、电报线路 wire

海上航游 ocean cruise 筹措资金 finance 股份；股 share

通用汽车公司General Motors 经纪人broker 交易 transaction 竞价 bid

妥协 compromise 机制；途径 mechanism

4-1 莎士比亚

莎士比亚 Shakespeare 诗人 poet 剧作家dramatist 少量的slight 引语 quotation 不知道的 unaware 使用 employment 欣赏 appreciate 似是而非的 paradoxical 比较而言的 comparatively 爱冯河畔的斯特拉特福 Stratford-on-Avon

杰作 masterpiece

关于事件的incidental 作理论上的说明 theorize 下……下面beneath 评论comment 评论家 commentator

4-2 福利国家

自雇的；个体的 self-employed 出资contribution 维持生活 subsist 退休金 pension （找医生）看病 consult 收费charge 专科医生 specialist 应支付的 payable 眼科医生 oculist 眼镜spectacles 眼镜配制技师 optician 牙科医生 dentist 托牙；假牙denture 相当大的 handsome 孕妇mother-to-be 津贴allowance 夸耀boast

残疾的；弱智的 handicapped 税收taxation

I-1 称谓口译

大学校长 president

中小学校长 principal, headmaster 省长governor

总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer

总编辑 editor-in-chief, managing editor 总经理general manager; managing director; executive head

总教练 head coach

总干事secretary-general; commissioner 总指挥 commander-in-chief; generalissimo

总领事 consul-general 总监 chief inspector; inspector-general

篇三：口译笔译练习

中译英：

6.中国的市场规模在今后20年中具有巨大的发展潜力，目前，中国钢铁制品和水泥的消费量分别占世界总产量的25%和40%。高速公路总里程达两万五千公里，居世界第二。电话用户超过4亿户，居世界之首。

China’s market scale in the next 2 decades will have huge potential of development. So far China’s steel and cement consumption accounted for 25% and 40% of world’s output respectively. Highway distance reach 25 thousands kilometers which ranks the second in the world. Telephone users rank the first in the world and the number is more than 400 million.

7.国际货币基金组织最近指出，中国的外债是适度的，中国的外汇储备比去年增加了40%，在10月底达到了5500亿美元，仍仅次于日本，居世界第二位。中国的外汇储备是中国短期外债总额的10倍多。

IMF recently point out that China’s foreign debt is on moderate level. China’s foreign currency reserve has increased 40% last year to 550 billion USD at the end of October. It is still after Japan, ranking the second in the world. China’s foreign currency reserve is 10 times more than short-term foreign debt.

8.中国为世界的工商业带来了巨大的商机。到去年年底，在中国境内投资的外商企业达到45万家，合同外资金额8581亿美元，实际利用外资金额4715亿美元。目前，大多数外资企业运行正常，获利丰厚。

China has brought huge commercial opportunities to commerce and industry around the world. At the end of last year, foreign enterprises who invested in China were up to 450 thousand with a contractual value of USD 858.1 billion, of which USD 471.5 billion had been actually paid in. At present most of the foreign enterprises operate regularly and earn sufficient profits.

9.面对今年以来世界经济贸易增长减缓的局面，中国政府继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，努力扩大内需。我们有信心通过深化改革，扩大开放，促进国民经济取得新的发展。

To cope with the deceleration of world economy and trade growth, Chinese government will continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and the prudent monetary policy. Meanwhile we will also expand domestic demand. We believe that by deepening reform and opening up can we boost the economic development.

10.中国人民热爱和平，中国的发展需要和平，中国经济的发展不会对任何国家和地区构成威胁。无论是现在还是将来，中国始终是维持和平与稳定，促进共同发展与繁荣的重要力量。

Chinese people love peace, China cannot develop without peace. China's economic development will not threaten any country or region. No matter present or future, China is always an important country of keeping peace and stability as well as promoting common development and prosperity.

11.漫步上海，你仿佛走进了一个世界建筑博览会，上海以其建筑风格的多样性，在世界城市中独树一帜。这些建筑反映了中外建筑师，工程师和工人的智慧和努力，是世界文化的宝贵遗产。

Wandering around Shanghai, you may feel like visiting a World Building Expo. The diversity of Shanghai’s building style makes it a unique city in the world. These buildings are precious world heritages as they reflect the wisdom and effort of architects, engineers and workers in China or in foreign countries.

12.一些经济学家呼吁建立一个统一的社会保障体系。他们认为，这样可以减轻国有企业压力，加速国有企业改革，有利于社会稳定。而拥有社会保障体系已经被视为发达国家的一个象征。

Some economists suggest setting up a unified social security system. They think this can reduce the stress of state-owned enterprises and accelerate their reforms which will benefits social stability.

13.华东师范大学是教育部直属的全国重点综合性大学。拥有雄厚的师资力量和先进的教育设施。近年来，在保持传统人文社会科学和自然科学领域优势的同时，学校努力发展新兴学科。

East China Normal University is a national major comprehensive university which affiliated to Ministry of Education. It has outstanding teaching team and advanced educational facilities. In recent years, the school is taking efforts to develop emerging discipline while keeping the advantages in traditional humanistic and social science as well as in natural science.

14.数据显示，每年有11.1万中国人死于室内环境污染。去年，由于接触新装修居室内过多有害化学成分而导致疾病的人数上升到了430万。而由于室内污染所产生的经济损失每年超过10.7亿美元。

Data shows that there are 111 thousand Chinese people died of indoor environmental pollution annually. Last year the number of people who got sick because of harmful chemicals in newly decorated house has increased to 4.3million. Economic loss due to the indoor pollution is over 1.7 billion USD annually.

15.科学研究表明，包括人类在内的所有生物的特征，在本质上都是由储存在DNA里的信息所决定的。外表不同，或有不同特征的生物具有不同的DNA序列。生物的差异越大，DNA序列的差异就越大。

Scientific study shows that both human beings and all kinds of creatures are essentially determined by information reserved in DNA. Creatures have different appearance or characters have different DNA sequence. The bigger the difference of creatures is, the bigger the difference of DNA sequence is.

16.第10届上海国际汽车工业展吸引了来自23个国家和地区的730多家参展商。通用，福特，大众，宝马，丰田和本田等国际汽车巨头的展览面积达三万五千平方米，分别展现了他们最新的车型与技术。

The 10th Shanghai International Auto Industry Expo attracted exhibitor from 23 countries and regions. International auto giants such as GM, Ford, Volkswagen, BMW,

Toyota and Honda were showcased on the 35 thousand Square Kilometer exhibition area with their new vehicle type and technology.

17.作为中国金融中心的上海，已形成以中央银行为监管，以国有商业银行为主体，各种金融机构并存，发展比较健全的金融市场体系。包括证券市场，外汇市场，保险市场和金银买卖市场等。

As the financial center of China, Shanghai has formed a wholesome financial market system in which central bank plays a regulatory role with the state-owned commercial banks remain dominant and various of financial organizations coexist

18.今年头两个月中国的进口增长了57.1%，达548亿美元。按此推算，中国的进口商品将在今后的3年中达到1万亿美元，相当于过去5年进口量的总和。中国对世界经济发展的推动力将得到进一步提升。

In the first two months of this year, China’s import has increased by 57.1% to 54.8 billion USD, indicating that China’s imported commodities will up to 1000 billion USD in the coming 3 years which is equivalent to the sum of past 5 years. China’s motive force to world economic development will be improved.

19.进入新世纪以来，中国科技体制改革取得实质性进展。近5年来，中国科技工作围绕提高科技创新能力，采取了一系列重大改革措施。在促进科技与经济结合方面取得了突破性进展。

Since we enter the new century, China’s technical system reform has achieved substantial progress. In the recent 5 years, China has adopted a series of reform measures to improve high-tech innovation ability. It has made the breakthrough in combining technology and economy.

20.在具体外交政策上，欧美双方存在着明显的分歧。美国力图在最短时间内建立起以西方，实质上是以美国为主导的新的世界体系。而欧洲国家的外交重点则首先在于欧洲内部的整合。

Europe and America has distinct disagreement on specific diplomacy. United States try to set up a system dominated by western and substantially led by America. On the contrary European countries put emphasis on Europe’s inner integration.

英译中：

6. The World Bank expect that the short term damage from the severe acute respiratory syndrome（SARS）to East Asia be estimated at point 3 percentage points of its economic growth. Fears about SARS have sent tourism and retail businesses tumbling and cause cancelations of business meetings and trade shows in Asia. However, the damage will likely be temporary and the regional growth is expected to rebound to close to 6 percent next year.

世界银行预计，非典型肺炎(沙士)短期里会使东亚的经济增长放缓3个百分点。沙士所造成的恐惧使亚洲的旅游业和零售业遭受重创，商务会议和贸易展览掀起暂停潮。但是这种经济损害很大可能是暂时性的，地区的明年的经济增速预计将会反弹到将近6%。

7. Launched on financial market on January the 1st, 1999. The Europe started out trading at 1.18 US dollars, but soon sunk as investors’ poured money into the US to get a piece of the unprecedented stock market boom there. Yesterday the Europe edged near 1.05 US dollars and increased of nearly 16% against the dollar since last New Year when it began trading at 90.38 US cents. And the 22% climb since its lowest point at around 86 US cents.

7. 1999年1月1日，在金融市场里欧洲一开始报1.18美元，但不久后汇率下降。这是由于投资者把大量资金投入到前所未有般繁荣的股票市场里所导致的。昨天欧元对美元上升到将近1.05元，比去年新年以90.38美分的汇率进行贸易上升了约16%。比历史最低的86美分攀升了22%.

8. Since the mid 1980s, spur by China’s preferential policies for foreign investment, world auto giants such as Volkswagen, GM, Ford and Toyota have established joint ventures in China, indicating good prospects for the Chinese auto industry. Since the middle and latter part of the 1990s, stimulated by fierce competition, various auto joint ventures have developed lines in economy cars to suit the Chinese market and have meanwhile in hands production localization.

自20世纪80年代中期开始，中国的外商投资优惠政策激励了许多国外汽车巨头如大众，通用，福特和丰田在中国建立合资企业，预示着中国汽车产业的美好前景。自90年代中后期开始，激烈的竞争刺激了各类合资企业建立经济适用行汽车的生产线，以适应中国的市场并着手产品本地化。

9. In light of China’s WTO membership commitment, its financial market will open to domestic and overseas capital 5 years after its accession to this world trade club. Experts are convinced that this means the RMB exchange rate will be constrained to a regulated fluctuating range in this transition period. As result, it is imperative for the Chinese government to reform its exchange rate mechanism as soon as possible.

根据中国的入世承诺，中国的金融市场将在入世5年后对国内和国外的资本开放。专家相信这意味着在这过渡时期人民币汇率将局限在一定的浮动区间内。因此，中国政府要尽快改革汇率机制。

10. The deposit of rich petroleum and natural gas resources in central Asia and the Caspian Sea region are second only to those in the Middle East and new Siberia. The US intervention to exploit energy resources in the region can reduce risks of its dependent on petroleum from the Middle East and break Russia’s energy monopoly in this region. Most significantly, the US will pose forceful containment to energy security in this region.

拥有丰富石油和天然气储备的中亚和里海地区的储量仅次于中东和新西伯利亚。美国介入开发这里的能源资源可以减少对中东石油的依赖，打破俄罗斯在这地区的能源垄断。更重要的是，美国将会强有力地保障这地区的能源安全。

11. Washington may not have a nightlife scene on a par with New York or Miami, but this city still has a lot to offer. Washington always has scores of young people looking

for something to entertain themselves. More importantly, we have a diversity of huge dance clubs, cozy Irish pubs, Ethiopian nightclubs, places to watch European soccer, and country karaoke. It might some take some legwork, but is there, we promise.

华盛顿或许没有像纽约和迈阿密那样的夜生活场面，但这座城市仍有很多东西可供选择。华盛顿总是有很多年轻人寻找各种方式消遣。更重要的是，我们有各色各样的大型舞蹈俱乐部，舒适的爱尔兰酒吧，黑人夜总会，看欧洲足球的地方以及乡村卡拉OK。或许需要些时间去找，但我们保证你一定可以找得到。

12. The symptoms of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) are not like those of pneumonia. People get a very high fever at least 38.5 degrees have shortness of breath and the dry cough. Some people get other symptoms including a headache, stiff or ached muscles, a loss of appetite and fatigue. The incubation period is between 2 and 7 days after exposure, with most people getting symptoms in 3 to 5 days.

非典型肺炎（沙士）的症状不像其他的肺炎。 患者会发高烧至少到38.5度，并且会气促和干咳。还有的人有其他症状，包括头疼，肌肉僵硬疼痛，没胃口以及疲劳。潜伏期通常在感染后的2到7周，一些人3到5天出现病征。

13. ESL programs are growing fast due to the fact that the immigrant population is exploding in United States. According to the US Department of Education, there are more than 2 million adults eolled in state of minister classes. The young those federally-funded programs which are often taught in public schools and community colleges, ESL is also being offered in churches, community centers and homes by instructors with varying degrees of training.

因为美国移民人口增长非常快，所以ESL(英语为第二语言)课程也发展得很快。根据美国教育部统计，超过两百万成人在ESL课程注册。这个由联邦政府资助的课程通常在公立学校和社区大学开展但在教堂，社区中心和家庭，导师们也会用给人们提供各种训练。

14. The United States generates about 175 million tons of solid wastes every year, about 83% of which go to landfill dumps. But landfill poses a widespread pollution hazard. Since it not only pollutes land but also poisons underground reservoirs of water with metals and chemicals from packaging materials. With the annual disposal of more solid wastes by means of landfills, this form of water pollution is an increasing concern.

美国每年产生1.75亿吨固体废物，其中83% 会送去堆填区。但是堆填的方式会造成广泛的污染危害。这种方式会使包装材料里的金属和化学成分污染土地以及地下水。随着每年填埋的固体废物的增多，水污染的问题引发越来越多的担忧。

15. A professor of information system said, “Some people seem to trust the spell checking software too thoroughly.” A study found in some cases phrases or sentences flagged by the software as grammatically suspicious were correct. A Microsoft technical specialist said, “Grammar and spelling technology was meant to help writers and editors, not to solve all their problems.” A computer engineer said, “Grammar and spelling software would never approach the complexity of the human brain.”

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