高考英语第二轮专题情态动词和虚拟语气专题资料

情态动词和虚拟语气

第一部分 近年高考题荟萃

2009年高考题

1. (09安徽29)

Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.

A. must B. may C. should D. would 答案 B 2. (09北京25)

One of the few things you ____ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.

A. need B. must C. should D. can 答案B 3. (09福建35)

But for the help of my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.

A. would not win would have won 答案B

解析 虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have done结构，故选B。 4. (09湖南30)

— It’s the office! So you know eating is not allowed here. — Oh, sorry. A. must 答案A

B. would not have won C. would win D.

B. will C. may D. need

解析 句意为：这是办公室！因此你必须知道吃的不允许带到这里。must表示“绝不”的意思。

5. (09海南25)

What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve A. should 答案 A

解析 你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗?应该有十二人。should表示“应该，应当”。 6. (09上海27)

It_____ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 答案 C 7. (09四川13)

—I don’t care what people think. —Well, you _______

A. could B. would C. should D. might 答案 C

解析 考查情态动词的用法。答话的人提了一个建议——你应该关注别人对你的评价的。should可以用来向别人提建议，所以答案为：C 8. (09天津15)

This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.

A. would B. should C. could D. might 答案 B 9. (09重庆32)

—Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?

—She_____in the classroom. I saw her there just now.

B. would C. will D. shall

A. shall be B. should have been C. must be D. might have been 答案C

10. (09全国Ⅱ20)

I can’t leave. She told me that I stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may 答案 B 11. (09江苏28)

He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed 答案 C

2008年高考题

1.(08全国Ⅱ17) Liza

well not want to go on the trip—

she hates traveling.

B.can

C.must

A.will 答案 D

D.may

解析 句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行——她讨厌旅行。may well很可能，极有可能，表示猜测。

当表示猜测时，will和can不能与well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。 2.(08北京21)

John promised his doctor he

A.might 答案 D

not smoke， and he has never smoked ever

since.

B.should C.could D.would

解析 句意为:约翰答应医生他不再吸烟，从那以后，他再也没有吸过烟。由句意可知空格处表示允诺，故应选 择D项。 3.(08天津6) She

have left school， for her bike is still here.

B.wouldn’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t

A.can’t 答案 A

解析 句意为：她不可能离开了学校，因为她的自行车仍然在这儿。can’t表示不可能；wouldn’t have done

表虚拟；shouldn’t have done本不该做(却已做了）；needn’t have done本没必要做(但已做了）。 4.(08江西26)

What a pity!Considering his ability and experience， he A.need have done done 答案 D

解析 句意为：太遗憾了！鉴于他的能力和经验，他本可能做得更好。need have done本来有必要做（而没做）；must have done是对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测，表示“过去一定做了”；can have done是对过去发生的事情的不肯定的推测；might have done表示“本来可以”。 5.(08湖南28)

You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book.You find the book by the title. A.must 答案 C

解析 句意为：要找到一本书你不一定非要知道作者的名字。你可以根据书的标题找到这本书。can表示“可以，能够”。 6.(08陕西9)

better.

B.must have done C.can have done D.might have

B.need C.can D.would

—

What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?—Well， it A.mustn’t 答案 B

be big—that’

s not important.

B.needn’t

C.can’t D.won’t

解析 句意为：“你想要什么样的房子？要大的吗？”“噢，它不需要很大，那不重要。”

由...that’s not important.

这一语境可知，空格处应表示“不需要”，故须用needn’t。 7.(08四川10) Although this A.must 答案 B

解析 句意为：尽管这听起来可能像一项简单的任务，但是需要非常仔细。must一定，必须；may可能，可以；

shall将要；should应该。各自表达的意义不同，选may最妥当。 8.(08重庆30)

—I can’

t find my purse anywhere.—You A.may 答案 A

解析 may表达推测之意，意为“可能……”。 9.(08浙江11) You

be hungry already—

you had lunch only two hours ago!

B.can’t

C.mustn’t

D.would

sound like a simple task，

great care is needed.B.may

C.shall

D.should

have lost it while shopping.

B.can

C.should

A.wouldn’t 答案 B

D.needn’t

解析 句意为：你不可能饿了，你两个小时之前才吃的午饭！can’t指不可能；mustn’t表猜测时，不能用于否定句；

Needn’t指没有必要。 10.(08福建24)

It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it sometimes. A.must 答案 B

解析 must必然，一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将，总会。本题提供的语境是“有时可能会……”。 11.(08辽宁22) Peter general. A.shall 答案 C

解析 句意为：虽然彼得总体上来说是一个好人，但有时真的难以相处。can在这里不表示主观的推测，而表示 客观的可能性。 12.(08江苏35) —I’m sorry.I

at you the other day.

be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in

B.can

C.should

be

rather

cold

D.would

B.should C.can D.must

—

Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldn’

t shoutC.mustn’

t shout答案 B

B.shouldn’

t have shoutedD.mustn’t have shouted

解析 句意为：“对不起，几天前我本不应该朝你大喊大叫的。”“不要放在心上。我自己有

点情绪失控。” shouldn’t have done sth.本不应该做某事(但已经做了)。 13.(08山东24)

Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we

it without

you.

B.could have managed

A.can manage

C.could manage 答案 B

D.can have managed

解析 could have done本能够做某事（但没做）。

2004-07年高考题

A组

1.(07全国Ⅰ27)

—How’

s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?—It

be，

but it is now heavily polluted.

B.would

D.must

A.will 答案 C

C.should

解析 考查情态动词的区别。will可用来表示“意愿；客观必然性等”；would可表示“意愿；过去常常（现

在也可能是那样的）”；should表示“应该，理应”；must表示“必然；一定，准是”。结合语境可知，此处用should表示虚拟。句意为：“这本来应该是美丽的，但是现在它被严重污染了。” 2.(07北京26)

In crowded places like airports and railway stations， you of your luggage.A.can B.may C.must 答案 C

解析 句意为：在像飞机场和车站这样拥挤的地方，你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示“必须，一定”符合句意。 3.(07上海29)

—Guess what？

I have got A for my term paper.—Great!You

take care D.will

read widely and put a lot of work into it.

A.must 答案 C

B.should C.must have D.should have

解析 由“have got A”可知是对过去发生事情的推测，故用“情态动词+have done”结构。must have done表示“必定做过某事”，符合题意。 4.(07安徽23) The teacher time on him， I suppose. A.should 答案 D

解析 must have done表示对过去所做事情的肯定判断，表示“一定……”。 5.(07江西27)

—

Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday.—You

it in the wrong place.

B.should have put

C.might put

D.might have

B.can

C.would

D.must

have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn’t have wasted

A.must put put 答案 D

解析 考查情态动词表推测的用法。由yesterday可知A、C两项错误；should应该，理应；might或

许，可能，显然D项正确。 6.(06全国Ⅰ24)

There’s no light on—they A.can’t 答案 A

解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：（家中）没有亮灯，——他们肯定不在家。此处要用情态动词表推测，

且用于否定句表示“肯定不……”，故can’t符合要求。must表推测时不用于否定句，mustn’

be at home.

D.shouldn’t

B.mustn’

tC.needn’t

t表示“禁止，

不许”；needn’t表示“不需要”；shouldn’t表示“不应当”，故A项符合要求。 7.(06全国Ⅰ31)

Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it A.was happening 答案 D

解析 考查虚拟语气的用法。as if仿佛，好像，其后的从句可出现虚拟语气。句意为：Eliza清楚地记得每一件事，仿佛它是昨天发生的！句中remembers为一般现在时，故as if从句中用一般过去时来表示虚拟语气。 8.(06全国Ⅱ10)

We hope that as many people as possible

A.need 答案 D

解析 句意为：我们希望尽可能多的人能参加我们明天的野餐。用can.表示可能性。 9.(06北京25) — What’

s the name?— Khulaifi. A.Shall 答案 A

解析 shall在问句中征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称。答语句意为：“我给你拼写一下好吗？” 10.(06天津11)

We have proved great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the

past ten years.A.needn’t

B.may not

C.shouldn’t

D.mustn’t

yesterday.

D.happened

B.happens C.has happened

join us for the picnic tomorrow.

B.must C.should D.can

I spell that for you?

D.Might

B.Would C.Can

答案 B

解析 句意为：我们或许还没有证明是伟大的探险者，但我们已取得了在过去的10年里的最伟大的进展。故应用may not。 11.(06浙江19)

— Could I have a word with you，mum?— Oh dear，if you A.can 答案 B

解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：妈妈，我可以和你说句话吗？”“噢，亲爱的，如果你非要说的话。”must表示必须要做的事。 12.(06福建27)

If it were not for the fact that she party. A.couldn’t 答案 C

解析 考查情态动词的用法。题中that引导同位语从句。“she can’t sing”是一个事实，是指在能力、技能等方面不能、不会。 13.(06湖南32)

Some aspects of a pilot’s job work at

inconvenient hours.A.can;have to to;must 答案 A

解析 考查情态动词的用法。句意为：飞行员工作的某些方面可能是令人厌倦的，并且飞行员经常在不方便的时候工作。第一空表示的是客观的可能性，应用can；而第二空说在不方便的时候还要干，因此表示客观上的必须，用have to，意为“不得不”。 14.(05全国Ⅰ26)

.

C.may

D.should

B.must

sing，I would invite her to the

B.shouldn’

t C.can’t D.might not

be boring，and pilots often

B.may;can

C.have to;may

D.ought

Tom，you

leave all your clothes on the floor like this!

B.mustn’

t

C.needn’t

D.may not

A.wouldn’t 答案 B

解析 考查情态动词。wouldn’t用以提示客气的请求；mustn’t表示禁止，不允许；needn’

t表示没必要；may not表示不可以。根据语境要求Tom不许把衣服放在地板上。 15.(05全国Ⅲ19)

John，look at the time. A.Must 答案 A

解析 must在此处显示出说话人的不快，有“难道非要”的意思。 16.(05北京26)

He have completed his work；otherwise，he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A.should 答案 B

解析 考查情态动词表猜测的用法。由句意 “他一定是已经完成工作了；否则，他就不会在海边玩得那么高兴。”可知是对过去发生事情的肯定推测。 17.(05上海27)

There be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in

the driving school.A.mustn’t 答案 C

解析 句意为：因为你在驾校已经训练了这么多，通过路考一定没有什么困难。本句中表达出劝慰对方的语气。mustn’t表示“禁止，不允许”，表示警告或命令; shan’t表示“将不会”；shouldn’t表示据情况推测“理应……”；needn’t表示“不必……”。 18.(05天津14)

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you play the piano at such a late hour?

C.May

D.Need

B.Can

B.must C.wouldn’t D.can’t

C.shouldn’t

D.needn’t

B.shan’t

I have been more than six years old when the accident happened.

B.couldn’

t

C.mustn’t

D.needn’t

A. shouldn’t 答案 B

解析 考查对过去发生的情况的推测。couldn’t have done是对过去发生情况的否定推

测，其肯定形式同样是对过去发生情况的推测，意为“可能已……”。shouldn’t have done本来不应该……，但实际已经……；needn’t have done本来不需要……，但实际上已经……；must表示推测时，只用在肯定句中。故选B项。 19.(05辽宁26)

This cake is very sweet.You A.should put put 答案 D

解析 句意为：这蛋糕，非常甜。你一定放了许多糖在里面。 20.(05浙江9)

The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it

be very slow. A.should 答案 D

解析 此处表达一种可能性，要用can， 其他三项都表示主观情态。should应该，义务，must必须，一定，will将会，都与句意不符。 21.(05福建31)

—Catherine，

I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks.You A.needn’t do have done 答案 B

解析 考查情态动词的完成式和一般式的区别。needn’t do不需要做……；mustn’t禁止做……，都用于现在的动作；needn’t have done表示做了本来不必去做的事；shouldn’t have done是本不该做却做某事。

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a lot of sugar in it.

C.might put

D.must

have

B.could have put

B.must C.will D.can

D.shouldn’t

it.I could manage it myself.B.needn’t have done

C.mustn’t do

—Lucy doesn

’t mind lending you her dictionary.—She

A.can’t 答案 C

解析 考查情态动词的辨析。根据后面的句子“I’ve already borrowed one”说明她没必要借字典给我了，故选C项。 23.(05湖北32)

—Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere. —Well，he

have gone far—his coat

’s still here.

B.mustn

’t

C.can’t

D.wouldn’t

.I have already borrowed one.

B.mustn

’t

D.shouldn’t

C.needn’t

A.shouldn’t 答案 C

解析 由句意可知，“他肯定没走远”，此处是对过去的否定推测，而且语气最强，故用can’

t have done。 24.(04福建32)

—I

’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.—You

her last week.

B.would have told

C.must tell

D.should have

A.ought to tell told 答案 D

解析 考查“情态动词+have done”构成的虚拟语气用法。答语句意为：你本该上周就告诉她(其实没告诉她)。 25.(04湖北26)

—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Summer Palace? —Sorry，I am not sure.But it A.might

B.will

be.

D.can

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C.must

答案 A

解析 “I am not sure”说明说话者对情况没有把握，推测语气较弱，使用might。

B组

1.(07湖南24)

The biggest problem for most plants，which threatened，

is that animals like to eat them.A.shan’t 答案 B

解析 句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能起来就逃跑的植物来说，最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。Sahan’t表将来;needn’t不必，mustn’t禁止，都不正确。 2.(07陕西14)

I told your friend how to get to the hotel，but perhaps I her there. A.could 答案 D

解析 本题考查情态动词。could have done（过去）可能做过；本能够做……；must have done（过去）肯

定做过；might have done（过去）可能做过；should have done本应该做（而事实上没做）。由句意“我

告诉你朋友该怎么去旅馆，但或许我应该开车送她去那儿。”可知应选D项。 3.(07四川24)

—

What does the sign over there read?—“No person area. A.will 答案 C

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just get up and run away when

B.can’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t

have driven

B.must C.might D.should

smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this

B.may C.shall D.must

解析 shall用于第二、三人称，表示命令、允许、警告等，此处表示警告。 4.(07重庆29)

—

What do you think we can do for our aged parents?—You

do anything except to be with them and be yourself.

B.oughtn’

t to

C.mustn’t

A.don’t have to 答案 A

D.can’t

解析 don’t have to不必；oughtn’t to不应当；mustn’t禁止，不允许；can’t不

可能。答语句意为：“除了 与父母呆在一起和做你自己以外，你不必做任何事情。因此A项符合题意。 5.(07浙江15)

—My cat’

s really fat.—You

D.mustn’t

have given her so much food.

B.couldn’

t

A.wouldn’t 答案 C

C.shouldn’t

解析 考查情态动词。句意为：——我的猫真胖。——你本不应该给她那么多食物。

s

h

o

u

l

d

n

’

t

h

a

v

e

d

o

n

e

s

t

h

本不应该做某事（暗含做了）。 6.(07福建25)

My MP4 player isn’t in my bag.Where A.can 答案 A

解析 考查情态动词。由句意“我的MP4不在我包里。我可能把它放哪儿了？”可知应选A。can have done

过去可能做过而must have done“过去肯定做过”，只能用于肯定陈述句；should have done本应该做过

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I have put it?

D.would

B.must C.should

（而事实上没做）；would have done只能用于虚拟语气。 7.(07江苏22)

—She looks very happy.She

have passed the exam.

D.might

—I guess so.It’

s not difficult after all.A.should 答案 C

B.could

C.must

解析 must have passed the exam肯定是通过考试了，由前句中的“happy”和下句中的“not difficult after all” 可以推知。 8.(07山东32)

They two free tickets to Canada，otherwise they’d never have been able to afford to go. A.had got 答案 B

解析 “otherwise they’d never have been able...”这一句用了与过去事实相反的虚拟语气；而“他们弄到了两张去加拿大的免费票”却是事实，故用一般过去时。 9.(06湖北31) off.

fired，your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut

B.got

C.have got

D.get

A.Would you be

you be 答案 B

B.Should you be C.Could you be D.Might

解析 句意为：如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反的假设，从 句用答案B项。 10.(06山东30)

—

May I smoke here?

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— If you A.should 答案 D

，

choose a seat in the smoking section.

B.could

C.may

D.must

解析 由本题语境可知，空白处应表示“非得……”之意，故须用must。 11.(06江西24)

The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I umbrella with me.

A.should have takenC.needn’

t have taken答案 C

解析 句意为:昨天天气不错，我本没有必要不怕费事带把伞。could have done表示“本能够做而未做”；should have done表示“本应该做而未做”；mustn’t表示“禁止，不许”；needn’t have done表示“本不必做而做了”。take the trouble to do sth.表示“不怕费事或困难尽力做某事”。 12.(06江苏21)

— I think I’

ll give Bob a ring.— You A.will 答案 D

解析 本题考查情态动词的基本用法。will用于第二人称常用来表示命令、指示，意为“务必，必须”；may表示“可能，也许”，常用于请求许可；have to表示“不得不”；should可用于表示主观看法、建议、劝说，意为“应当，应该”。在此句中，答话者表示同意对方的想法。答语句意为：你应该（打个电话），你好长时间没与他联系了。故D项符合情景要求。 13.(06广东22)

—

Must he come to sign this paper himself?— Yes，he A.need

.

C.may

D.will

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the trouble to carry my

B.could have taken

D.mustn’t have taken

.You haven’

t been in touch with him for ages.

B.may

C.have to

D.should

B.must

答案 B

解析 表示要求时，肯定回答用must， 否定用needn’t。 14.(06四川32)

—

Is Jack on duty today?—It

C.can’t

D.needn’t

be him.It’

s his turn tomorrow.

B.won’t

A.mustn’t 答案 C

解析 can’t表示否定推测，must表示肯定推测。 15.(06陕西19)

As you worked late yesterday，you A.mayn’t 答案 D

解析 句意为：既然你昨天工作得那么晚，今早上你就没必要来了。从意思上显示选择项表示“没必要……”。 16.(05湖北33)

If I plan to do anything I wanted to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would 答案 B

解析 句意为：如果我能计划做任何想做的事，我想去西藏尽可能地游览一番。观察一下句中的时态，因为都是过去时，句意表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，因此此处应用情态动词的过去时，表示的意思是“假如我们现在能够……”，could表示不存在的可能性。 17.(05重庆33)

I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They at least

150 kilometers an hour.

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have come this morning.C.mustn’t

B.can’t D.needn’t

B.could C.had to D.ought to

A.should have been doing C.could have done答案 B

B.must have been doing

D.would have done

解析 must have done用于肯定句中，表示对过去事情的推测，意为“想必是，一定是”。否定句、疑问句中对过去情况的推测，要用can/could have done的形式。 18.(05山东34)

He paid for a seat，however，he A.could 答案 A

解析 paid暗示时间上指的是过去，could have done用于肯定句中表示本可以做而未做的事情；肯定句中不用need have done; must have done与语境不吻合。 19.(05江西22)

—Tom is never late for work.Why is he absent today? —Something

to him.

B.should have happenedD.must have happened

B.would

have entered free. C.must

D.need

A.must happen

C.could have happened 答案 D

解析 本题考查情态动词的用法。must have done的意思是“一定发生了某事”。由对话所提供的情景可知：汤姆从不迟到，所以他“一定有事”。因此D项正确。 20.(05安徽26) Helen A.shall 答案 C

解析 此题考查情态动词的用法。may表示一种可能性。如果没有具体的语境的话，B、D两项也可以选，但是意思就不同了。 21.(05江苏31)

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go on the trip with us，but she isn’

t quite sure yet.

B.must

C.may

D.can

—The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. —Oh，dear!She A.may go through

a lot of difficulties!

B.might go through

C.ought to have gone through答案 D

D.must have gone through

解析 考查“情态动词+have done”。从语境分析，表示某人一定干过某事，而且是对过去情况肯定的推测，故应用must have done。C项相当于should have done表示对对方的责备，意思是“应该做而未做”，在此不符合题意。 22.(05江苏33)

—Don’t you think it necessary that he —I agree，but the problem is A.will not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what答案 B

解析 not be sent是虚拟语气，相当于should not be sent。 23.(04重庆24)

“The interest be divided into five parts，according to the agreement made by both sides，”declared the judge. A.may 答案 D

解析 考查shall的习惯用法。shall与第二、三人称名词连用，表示义务，责任，决心，许诺，它可以用于条文中；should/must用于口语中。 24.(04重庆29)

There are eight tips in Dr.Roger’s lecture on sleep，and one of them is: to bed early

unless you think it is necessary.

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to Miami but to New York?

he has refused to.

B.not be sent;that

D.should not send;what

B.should C.must D.shall

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