虚拟语气讲解及专项练习题

高三语法复习专用 分类 有讲解 有练习 有答案

虚拟语气

一．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

1.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果

如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If she had time, she should go with you. 2.表示与过去的事实相反的假设和结果

如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. 3.表示与将来事实相反的假设和结果

如: If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.

4.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时（表示错综时间的虚拟语气），动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：

If I were you, I would not have missed the film last night.

If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. (从句---用过去,主句---用现在) 5. 虚拟条件句可以转换成下列形式:

(1) 用介词代替条件状语从句, 常见的介词有with , without, but for(若/要不是)

有时假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。 如: Without air (If there were not air), there would be no living things. But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help) I couldn’t have done it. What would you do with a million dollars (if you had a million dollars?) (2) 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。

如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadn’t been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)

I would have finished the work, I was ill. (If I hadn’t been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。

6. If虚拟条件句的倒装

省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可 把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。

如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up.

Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it.

Had he taken my advice(If he had taken…), he would have succeeded.

二．虚拟语气用于名词性从句

1. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是 就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如：

I wish it were spring all the year round.

I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词insist、 command、order、 suggest、advise、should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如:She suggested we (should)leave here at once.

The doctor ordered she (should) be operated.

2.虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should） + 动词原形”。如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.

My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.

3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：

It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.

It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.

注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：

It is pity that you can’t swim.

三． 虚拟语气在其它场合的运用

1.虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。如：He did it as if he were an expert.

Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.

2. 虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该 ”。如：

It’s time that I picked up my daughter. It’s high time we3. 虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。如：

If only I were a bird. If only I had taken his advice.

4. 在一些习惯表达中 如：would rather+从句，是一个常用的虚拟语气句型。从句的谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。

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高三语法复习专用 分类 有讲解 有练习 有答案

其意为“宁愿 ,还是 好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。

如：I’d rather you left right away.

Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next weekend.

Frankly, I’d rather you had said nothing about it at the meeting yesterday.

5.用“may + 动词原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快乐！May good luck be yours.祝你顺利。

虚拟语气练习题

( A )

1. If I _____ you, I wouldn’t return the call. A. be B. am C. was D. were 2. If I _____ the way to New York, I _____.

A. knew ; would drive B. knew; will drive

C. knew; would have drive D. had known; would drive 3. Don't touch the sleeping tiger. If he woke up, he _______ you.

A. would attack B. should attack C. would have attacked D. will attack 4. If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.

A. was/ shall pay B. am/ will pay C. would be/ would pay D. were/ would pay

5. --- I thought you would come back tomorrow. --- I would if I _____ to attend a meeting. A. don’t have B. didn’t have C. will not have D. would not have 6. Mary is ill today. If she _____ , she ____ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn' t be B. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have been D. hadn't been ill; could be

( B )

7. If you had told me in advance, I ______ him at the airport.

A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet 8. If it ______ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off. A. had rained B. would had rained C. have seen D. did see 9. I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.

A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had

10. The Bakers arrived last night, if they’d let us know earlier, ______ at the station.

A. we’d meet them B. we’ll meet them C. we’d have met them D. we’ve met them 11. If I had known that, I ______ so.

A. wouldn’t do B. wouldn’t have done C. won’t do D. have not done 12. ---Helen couldn’t got to France after all.

---That’s too bad, I’m sure she would have enjoyed it if _______. A. she’s gone B. she’ll go C. she’d gone D. she’d go

13. She couldn’t have answered the question if she ______ a few books on world history.

A. hadn’t read B. hasn’t read C. wouldn’t read D. didn’t read 14. We might have failed if you _______ us a helping hand.

A. have not given B. would not give C. had not given D. did not give 15. You did not let me drive. If we _______in turn, you _______ so tired

A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get

C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven ; wouldn’t have got ( C )

16 If he ______ to the teacher attentively, he _______ the answer to the problem now.

A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know 17. If you were old enough, I ______ you to go there yesterday.

A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed 18. If it _____ for the snow, we ________ the mountain yesterday.

A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb ( D )

19. ______more careful, his ship would not have sunk.

A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been

C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been

20. _____it rain tomorrow， we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 21. ______, I would take an umbrella with me.

A. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you 22. ______ no air or water, there would be no life in the world. A. Were there B. There are C. There was D. Is there 23. Had I known her name, ________.

A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?

C. she would be beautiful D. I would have invited her to lunch 24. ______ today, he would get there by Friday.

A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leaves 25. _____ it _____ for your help, I couldn’t have made any progress.

A. Were; not B. Had; not been C. Should; not been D. Did; be

26. ______ for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the film so often.

A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 27. ____ I to tell her about it, she would be very glad.

A. Should B. Would C. Were D. Might

( E )

28. Without your help, I _____ in my English study.

A. would not have succeeded B. hadn’t succeeded C. will not succeed D. won’t have succeeded 29. Without electricity, human life _____ quite different today.

A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be

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高三语法复习专用 分类 有讲解 有练习 有答案

30 . Without sunlight or water or air, there _____ no life on the earth. A. come B. to come C. came D. will come A. will have B. would be C. should be D. must be 50. Frankly, I’d rather you ______ nothing about it at the meeting yesterday. 31. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat,the earth at night___,too cold for us to live. A. said B. had said C. said D. should A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 32. But for your advice, I_____ into trouble. A. would get B. got C. might have got D. should get 33. But for the snow, we _______ earlier. A. will arrive B. should have arrived C. arrive D. arrived 34. ---Where have you been? ---I got caught in the traffic; _____ I could have been here soon. A. otherwise B. however C. though D. anyway 35. John was very busy last week, otherwise, he _________ to attend the meeting. A. would have come B. would come C. should come D. came 36. I would have come earlier, but I ______ that you were waiting for me. A. didn’t know B. hadn’t know C. would have known D. haven’t known 37. I would have gone there with you but I _____ too tired then. A. were B. had been C. was D. have been 38.I should very much like to have gone to the party but I ______. A. am not invited B. was not invited C. shall not be invited D. am not being invited (F) 39. The boy acted ______ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since 40. I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _______ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known

41. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.

A. breaks B. has broken C.were broken D. had been broken

42. The thief closed his eyes _____ he _____ dying.

A. even if; was B. even though; would be C. when; had been D. as if; were

43. The sun rises in the east and sets in the west, so it seems as if the sun ________round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling 44. If only I _____ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 45 If only I _____ your advice! A. had taken B. took C. would take D. have taken 46. She wishes she ____ to the theatre last night.

A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going

47. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he ________ be tall when he grows up.

A. could B. should C. would D. were able to

48. I’d rather you ______ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave

49. Don’t come this afternoon. I’d rather you _____ tomorrow.

51. She would rather _______ more money on books _______ on clothes. A. cost; not B. to spare; don’t C. pay; than D. spend; than 52. Isn’t it about time that you ________ to pick up the visitors from New York? A. went B. shall go C. go D. will go 53. It is high time we ___ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum

( G )

54. I recommended that the student ________ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. should finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing 55. The Law requires that everyone ______ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C will have D. have 56. He demanded that the laboratory report ____ immediately after the experiment was done. A. was written B. be written C. must be written D. would be written. 57. She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. A. hadn’t spoken B. shouldn’t speak C. wouldn’t speak D. not speak 58. The librarian insists that John _______ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes 59. The young man insisted that he ______ nothing wrong and ______ free immediately. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 60. My sister advised me that I _____ accept the invitation. A. could B. must C. should D. might 61.Our monitor requested that ________.

A. all the class studied more carefully the problem B. the problem was more carefully studied C. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully 62. It was ordered that no smoking _____ in the library. A. is allowed B. be allowed C. should allow D. will be allowed 63. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _____ two weeks to prepare for the exam. A. give B. should give C. be given D. would be given

64. The old professor gave orders that the experiment _____ before 6. A. was finished B. will finish C. be finished D. shall be finished 65. The secretary suggested that they _____ the men in at once. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring 66. His silence at the meeting suggested that he ________ to your plan. A. didn’t agree B. hadn’t agreed C. wouldn’t agree D. not agree 3

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