浙江大学 2007年 攻读博士研究生入学考试题

浙 江 大 学

2007年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试题

考试科目________英语______________ 编号_____________

注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

Section Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)

Part A

Directions: You will hear a passage about camping. Listen and complete the sentences in questions 1-5 with the information you’ve heard. Write no more than 3 words in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.

Part B

Directions: You will hear a conversation between two speakers, Jack and Mary. Answer the questions 6-10 while you listen. Use no more than 5 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the questions.

Part C

Directions: Questions 11-13 are based on the following passage about Bruce Lee 15 seconds to read questions 11-13.

11. When Bruce Lee was young, he __________

A. was strong as a little dragon.

B. was often sick.

C. was a opera singer.

D. was like his nickname.

12. Bruce was given a girl’s name__________

A. because a son died before him.

B. for his American certificate.

C. so that his mother could pierce his ear.

D. so that the spirits would not harm him.

13. Which of the following is not true about young Bruce?

A. He was always in trouble.

B. He was expelled from school.

C. He played many roles in movies.

D. He lived a happy life as a child movie star.

Directions: Questions 14-16 are based on the following passage about musical instruments for boys and girls. You now have 15 seconds to read questions 14-16.

14. Why did Susan and Michael interview children aged between 9 and 11?

A. To find out whether they take music lessons in their spare time.

B. To find our whether they can name four different musical instruments.

C. To find out whether they enjoy playing musical instruments in school.

D. To find out whether they differ in their preference for musical instruments.

15. Why do many of the boys avoid certain instruments?

A. They find them too hard to play.

B. They think it silly to play them.

C. They find it not challenging enough to play them.

D. They consider it important to be different from girls.

16. Which group of children has a bias when choosing musical instruments?

A. Children who have private music tutors.

B. Children who are 8 or older.

C. Children who are between 5 and 7.

D. Children who are well educated.

Directions: Questions 17-20 are based on the following passage about suicide. You now have 20 seconds to read questions 17-20.

17. Why does the passage mention suicide rates among people with different martial status? ______

A. To show that social bonds can influence suicide rate.

B. To prove that suicide rates are not affected by social bond.

C. To demonstrate the significance of social values.

D. To indicate the danger of a sudden change in status.

18. Who have lower suicide rates?

A. Widowed people.

B. Single people.

C. Married people.

D. Divorced people.

19. When did suicide rates decline?

A. During the Great Depression of the 1930s.

B. After Word War Ⅰ

C. After Word War Ⅱ

D. After the Great Depression of the 1930s.

20. How did people in ancient Egypt feel about suicide?

A. A coward act in the face of danger or pain.

B. A foolish way to deal with life.

C. A brave way to defy challenges.

D. A humane way to escape intolerable conditions.

(Please remember to put your answer on Answer Sheet Ⅰ)

Sections Ⅱ Vocabulary (15 marks, 1 mark each)

Directions: There are 15 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best

completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰwith a single line through the center.

21. Immigrants of all races in these areas are demanding that they receive ______ treatment from the authorities.

A. unique B. united C. uniform D. universal

22. Women want the same pay if they hold the same jobs as men. At home, however, they do not except their husbands to _____ in the housework.

A. do B. have C. share D. divide

23. In the past, consumers were often cheated or _______ into buy goods by business firms and they could hardly do anything about it.

A. confused B. misled C. forced D. puzzled

24. You may have ever entered a bookstore just to take ______ from a sudden shower, but you find time spent there was very enjoyable.

A. shield B. shelter C. avoidance D. protection

25. A lot of people worked long hours because high unemployment meant that they could easily be ______

A. distributed B. appointed C. transferred D. protection

26. With its stock price rising by 20 percent, the company becomes the second most ________ technology firm in the country.

A. valuable B. worthwhile C. priceless D. precious

27. It is astonishing to know that children and youth ______the biggest segment of the country’s homeless populations.

A. substitute for B. make out C. make up D. make up for

28. Many of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ______ of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.

A. profit B. advantage C. favor D. adventure

29. If the investment tax credit is ______ as a part of tax reform plan, the capital-intensive businesses such as steel-makers and airliners will face a hard time.

A. repealed B. inferred C. induced D. appealed

30. While Apple was coming under increasing pressure form lower cost PC clones,

the company’s initial response was to develop even more ______ high-end computers.

A. sophisticated B. luxurious C. philosophical D. sensitive

31. It is well known that the popular singer has a/an _______ broadcast for his breach of contract.

A. credible B. incredible C. believed D. inherent

32. Oriental Radio has decided to cancel this pop star from a/an ______ broadcast for his breach of contract.

A. lively B. alive C. live D. living

33. Firefighters were not attacking the major fires in Virginia directly but were putting out hot spots that could prove dangerous if winds _______

A. picked up B. picked out C. picked through D. picked in

34. The artist has made a _______ of combining the first-rate photography and design with advanced technology in every piece of work he produces.

A. discipline B. principle C. proposal D. principal

35. You are likely to get a promotion because of the profitable ______ you made for the company last month.

A. transition B. transfusion C. transfer D. transaction

Section Ⅲ Cloze Test (20 marks, 1 mark each)

Direction: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Ⅰ with a single line through the center.

Since the early 1930s, Swiss banks hand 36. A. resisted prided themselves on their system of banking secrecy and numbered accounts. Over the years, they had successfully C. withstood 37. A. in turn C. in case

B. endured D. opposed B. in return D. in all B. possessors D. holders B. while D. therefore B. irresponsible D. irrational

__36__ every challenge to this system by 38. A. owners their own government who, __37__, had been frequently urged by C. keepers

foreign 39. A. that C. which

governments to reveal information about

the financial affairs of certain account 40.A.disrespectful __38__. The result of this policy of secrecy was __39__ a kind of mystique had grown up around Swiss banking. 41.A.about There was a widely-held belief that Switzerland was __40__ to wealthy C. after C. irresistible

B. of D. for

foreigners, mainly because of its numbers 42. A. Contributed accounts and bankers’ reluctance to ask awkward questions__41__ depositors. C. Contributing

B. Having contributed D. contributed

__42__ to the mystique was the view that if this secrecy was ever give up, foreigners 43.A. exchange was fall over themselves in the rush C. deposit B. withdraw D. cash B. as a matter of act C. therefore D. of co

urse B. blue D. blew B. pretext D. contract B. to have prevented D. to prevent

to__43__ money, and the Swiss banking 44. A. nevertheless system would virtually collapse overnight. To many, __44__, it came like a bolt

out of the __45__, when, in 1977, the 45.A. shock Swiss banks announced they had signed a C. sudden

__46__ with the Swiss National Banks (the 46. A. pact Center Bank). The aim of the agreement C. proviso

was __47__ the improper use of the 47.A. prevent country’s banks secrecy laws, and its7

C. preventing

Section Ⅳ Reading Comprehension (20 marks, 1 mark each)

Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passages is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

Passage 1

Computers have aided in the study of humanities for almost as long as the machines have existed. Decades ago, when the technology consisted solely of massive, number-crunching mainframe computers, the chief liberal arts applications were in compiling statistical indexes of works of literature.

Mainframe computers helped greatly in the highly laborious task, which dates back to the Renaissance, of cataloging each reference of a particular word in a particular work. Concordances help scrutinize important texts for patterns and meaning. Other humanities applications for computers in this early era of technology included compiling dictionaries, especially for foreign or antiquated languages, and cataloging library collections.

Such types of computer usage in the humanities may seem limited at first, but they have produced some interesting results in the last few years and promise to continue to do so. As compute use and access have grown, so has the number of digitized texts of classic literary works.

The computer-based study of literary texts has established its own niche in academia. Donald Foster, an English professor at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York, is one of the leaders in textual scholarship. In the late 1980’s Foster created SHAXICON, a database that tracks all the ―rare‖ words used by English playwright William Shakespeare. Each of these words appears in any individual Shakespeare play no more than 12 times. The words can then be cross-referenced with some 2,000 other poetic texts, allowing experienced researchers to explore when they were written, who wrote them, how the author was influenced by the works of other writers, and how the texts changed as they were reproduced over the centuries.

In late 1995 Foster’s work attracted widespread notice when he claimed that Shakespeare was the anonymous author of an obscure 578-line poem, A Funeral Elegy (1612). Although experts had made similar claims for other works in the past, Foster gained the backing of a number of prominent scholars because of his computer-based approach. If Foster’s claim holds up to long-term judgment, the poem will be one of the few additions to the Shakespearean canon in the last 100 years.

Foster’s work gained further public acclaim and validation when he was asked

to help identify the anonymous author of the best-selling political novel Primary Colors (1996). After using his computer program to compare the stylistic traits of various writers with those in the novel, Foster tabbed journalist Joe Klein as the author. Soon after, Klein accounted that he was the author. Foster was also employed as an expert in the case of the notorious Unabomber, a terrorist who published an anonymous manifesto in several major newspapers in 1995.

56. This paper will mainly discuss_______

A. advantage of computer usage in the study of humanities

B. the application of computers to compiling statistic indexes of literary works

C. the application of computers to compiling dictionaries

D. contributions of computer-based study of literary texts

57. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. A Funeral Elegy was an authentic work from Shakespeare.

B. Computer utilization made Forster’s claim more convincing.

C. In the last 100 years, additional works of Shakespeare have been accepted as authentic.

D. There are still many works whose authors are unknown.

58. Forster identified the author of an anonymous manifesto by _____.

A. studying the writing characteristic of the suspects

B. cross-referring the manifesto with other terrorists

C. gain the support of well- known scholars

D. applying computers to the study of its style

59. Which of the following can most probably be inferred from the passage?

A. In the past, mainframe computers were used to handle numbers.

B. Computers usage in liberal art is narrow.

C. Humanities applications for computers might produce unexpected results.

D. Computers are best in dealing with foreign or antiquated languages.

60. By ―access have grown‖ in paragraph 3, the author probably means that____

A. more people are able to log on to computer system.

B. means of approaching a computer system are expanded.

C. technologies of computers have been upgraded.

D. areas where computers can be applied have upgraded.

Passage 2

As is the case in many cultures, the degree to which a minority group was seen as different from the characteristics of the dominant majority determined the extent of that group’s acceptance. Immigrants who were like the earlier settlers were accepted. The large numbers of immigrants with significantly different characteristics tended to be viewed as a threat to basic American values and the American way of life.

This was particularly true of the immigrants who arrived by the millions during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most of them came from poverty-stricken nations of southern and eastern Europe. They spoke languages other than English, and large numbers of them were Catholics or Jews.

Americans at the time were very fearful of this new flood of immigrants. They were afraid that these people were so accustomed to lives of poverty and dependence that they would not understand such basic American values as freedom, self-reliance and competition. There were so many new immigrants that they might even change the basic values of the nation in undesirable ways.

Americans tried to meet what they saw as a threat to their values by offering English instruction for the new immigrants and citizenship classes to teach them basic American beliefs. The immigrants, however, often felt that their American teachers disapproved of the traditions of their homeland. Moreover, learning about American gave them little help in meeting their most important needs such as employment, food, and a place to live.

Far more helpful to the new immigrants were the ―political bosses‖ of the larger cities of the northeastern United States, where most of the immigrants first arrived. Those bosses saw to many of the practical needs of the immigrants and were more accepting of the different homeland traditions. In exchange for their help, the political bosses expected the immigrants to keep them in power by voting for them in elections.

In spite of this, many scholars believe that the political bosses performed an important function in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They helped to assimilate large numbers of disadvantaged white immigrant into the large American culture. The fact that the United States had a rapidly expanding economy at the beginning of the century made it possible for these new immigrants, often with the help of the bosses, to better their standard of living in the United States. As a result of these new opportunities and new rewards, immigrants came to accepted most of the values of the large American culture and were accepted by the great majority of Americans. For white ethnic groups, therefore, it is generally true that their feeling of being a part of the large culture. That is, ―American‖ is much stronger than their feeling of belonging to a separate ethnic group – Irish, Italian, Polish, etc.

61. A minority group’s acceptance to the country was determined by _______.

A. the difference they showed from the majority.

B. the time when they arrive at the new land.

C. the background conditions they came from.

D. the religions group to which they belonged.

62. The immigrants’ flushing in was considered a threat to American value mainly because ______ .

A. the immigrants came from poverty-stricken nations of southern and eastern Europe.

B. the immigrants had been accustomed to poverty and dependence.

C. the immigrants had different homeland traditions and other particular characteristics.

D. the immigrants did not speak English.

63.‖ Citizenship classes‖ (Para.4) were offered because Americans _________.

A. wanted to help the immigrants to solve their practical needs.

B. would not accept any group with different traditions.

C. wanted the immigrants to deal with the threat to American values.

D. wanted the immigrants to learn about and to keep the American values.

64. The political bosses helped the new immigrants for the main purpose of _____.

A. showing off their political power and advantages.

B. getting support in elections.

C. assimilating the minority into the majority.

D. showing their generosity.

65. The living standards of the new immigrants were improved in the late nineteenth and early twentieth mainly because______ .

A. they kept the political bosses in power.

B. the political bosses gave them a lot of practical help.

C. they had a much stronger feeling of being a part of the larger culture.

D. there was a rapid growth in American economy at that time.

Passage 3

This speculation (a course taught with technology helps students learn more than the one taught in live classroom) course offerings are beginning to appear with regularity, and technology is looking better all the time. Universities that specialize in distance education are learning how to use multimedia courseware and the Internet effectively and the quality of them offering is gaining increasing recognition. When students in the near future have a choice between (a) attending passive lectures at fixed locations and times in a campus-based curriculum and (b) completing interactive multimedia tutorials at any convenient place and time in a distance-based curriculum, guess which alternative more of them will begin to choose.

This is not to say that technology is a panacea. Passive instructional technology –e.g., simply pointing a video camera at a conventional lecture or using the Web only to display text and pictures—does not promote much learning, no matter how dynamic the lecturer or how colorful the graphic images. Moreover, even at its best technology will never be able to do some things that first-rate teachers do routinely, such as advising, encouraging, motivating, and serving as role models for students, helping them develop the communication and interpersonal skills they will need to succeed in their careers, and getting them to teach and learn from one another. Most

successful people can think back to at least one gifted teacher who changed their lives by doing one or more of these things, it is unlikely that anyone will ever be able to do the same for a software package.

Here, then, it what our crystal ball says about the future of higher education. An increasing share of undergraduate degrees will be earned in well- designed distance-based programs at conventional universities and institutions without walls like the British Open University, and an increasing number of people will bypass college altogether and seek competency-based certification in fields like information technology. Some highly ranked research universities will still teach traditionally and continue to attract undergraduates by virtue of their prestige, serving primary as training grounds for graduate schools. Many of the much greater number of less prestigious universities will try to keep doing business as usual, but having to compete for a shrinking pool of undergraduates will force them to either change their practices or close their doors. And a growing number of universities will systematically incorporate interactive multimedia-based instructional software in their live classroom-based courses, making sure that the courses are taught by professors who sever as true mentors to their students and not just transmitters of information. These universities will continue to thrive – and they will provide the best college education.

66. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that _______.

A. technology based courses look better than traditional courses.

B. the quality of multimedia courseware is not clear.

C. more students will choose technology- based distance learning.

D. some universities will specialize in distance education while other won’t.

67.‖a panacea‖(Line 1,2nd paragraph) probably means________.

A. a solution to all problems.

B. a wonderful invention.

C. a machine teacher

D. a useful facilitator.

68. It is implied in the second paragraph that_______.

A. qualified teachers play a vital role in shaping student’ life

B. it’s teachers’ job to build a career for their students.

C. a sophisticates software package is likely to replace a teacher.

D. a conventional lecture is always passive.

69. What does the author say about the future of most universities?

A. They have to close their doors and turn to business.

B. They will provide the best college education.

C. They will shrink because of less students.

D. They have to change or they will be out of business.

70. Which of the following best describes the role of a professor in the future classroom?

A. An adviser B. A transmitter

C. An instructor D. A trainer

Passage 4

In March 1974, one of the most astonishing archaeological discoveries of twentieth century was unearthed in the county of Lintong, Shaanxi Province. An entire army of life-sized warriors and horses, buried for more than 2,200 years, began to be uncovered. These replicas had been place in trenches around the still-unexcavated tomb of Qinshihuang, the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty(221-207 B.C.), Each of the many hundreds of life-sized warriors was constructed of baked clay and painted with a variety of colors. Most were obviously intended as individual portraits.

The head shapes of these figures and the expressions on their faces were, more or less, individualized, and so each man could be identified as to his place of regional origin. The square-faced, broad-fore headed, prominent-cheekbone, heavy-featured, big-mouthed and wide-cheeked ones were modeled after natives of central Shaanxi. The shorter, round-faced, sharp-chinned, and thin-lipped soldiers were modeled after persons from the province of Sichuan. Others were clearly from Gansu, and there were some who appeared to be members of various minorities in northwestern china. Each had its own hairdo: the ones with long hair had this knotted at right side of the

head because the Qin people esteemed the right.

To the surprise of both Chinese and Western archaeologists, a few of the clay soldiers showed non-Chinese characteristics, possibly being persons from as far away as Arabia or Persia. This was particularly surprising because it had long been assumed that there were no persons from outside China living there in such ancient times.

Yet a century later the historical record does indicate limited contact with foreigners. There is one report in the Eastern Han Dynasty (A.D.25-220) of a Roman juggler who arrived in China by way of Burma in A.D.109. and another of the arrival of an envoy from Macedonia at about the same time. And the Roman historian Lucius Annaeus Florus mentions the coming of a Chinese envoy to Rome as early as the reign of Augustus (27 B.C.-A.D.14).

But extensive contacts between China and the West didn’t really begin until the northern Silk Road was gradually developed after 138 B.C. This overland route started at present-day Xi’an and passed though the Western Corridor beyond the yellow River, Xinjiang, Farghana(now Uzbekistan), Persia(Iran) and Taijik(Iraq) where it met western boundary of the Roman Empire.

For more than a thousand years this northern Silk Road provided a route for caravans that brought to China dates, saffron powder and pistachio nuts from Persia, glass bottles from Egypt, and many other expensive and desirable goods other parts of the world. And the caravans went home with their camels and horses loaded down by holts of silk brocade and boxes filled with lacquer ware and porcelains.

Another Silk Road, documented in the geography section of the History of Han Dynasty was a sea route that began at the ports of Xuwen and Hepu on the Reizhou Peninsula in South China(near which the city of Beihai is now located), passed though the Malacca Strait and ended in Burma or the Huangchi Kingdown of southern India.

More Chinese porcelains and silks reached European by this route than by the overland one because of pirates and storms at sea. Subsidiary branches of this Silk Road of the Sea reached such places as Korea, Japan, and the Philippines to allow for the exchange of various goods not really available over the land route. For example, as early as the third century A.D., the Philippines were shipping gold to China by this

route.

71. Each excavated warrior________.

A. was given a unique facial expression and hair style.

B. was made of some one color.

C. was painted with one color.

D. was modeled after natives of central Shaanxi.

72. Which of the following statement is NOT true?

A. The clay warriors were as big as real people.

B. Soldier’s long hair was knotted at the right side for convenience.

C. A soldier’s appearance could tell where he was from.

D. The soldier represented people of different nationalities.

73. Archaeologists were surprised by the exotic characteristics of the clay solder because_______.

A. no contact with foreigners at that time was known to them.

B. no one had ever seen foreigners.

C. no foreigners came to China before 138 B.C.

D. no record of foreign visits was available.

74. It could be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.

A. more merchants were killed on the sea route.

B. certain goods were too precious to be transported by land.

C. trade between China and Southeast Asia brought more money to the government.

D. the sea route was advantageous over the land route.

75. In the passage ―Silk Road‖ refers to ___________.

A. a land route by which silk brocade was transported to the West.

B. any route which connected China with other countries.

C. flow of goods from China to other countries.

D. Caravans that did business with China and other countries.

Section Ⅴ Translation (25 marks)

Directions: Translate the following into English. Write your English version on

Answer Sheet 2.

76. 现代城市对人来悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和尺寸形状恰好的地毯。此时此刻，他们沉醉在民主、小康、有车开的幸福中，生活从来没有这么好。

他们不愿意走路。统计表明：他们吧从停车场到购物中心的距离设计得很短，由于没有足够的远离街道的停车设施，城市到处是在马路随便停靠的汽车和停车计价表。拥挤成为影响环境的主要因素，从统计中看到：每个家庭拥有两辆车的状况会使事情更糟。

同时，―地价‖带来的不仅是伤害，还有侮辱。土地的价值缘于她的用途，它的收入来自它提供的服务。当它的用途被加强，它的收入和价值也就增加。―充分合理利用土地‖成为城市发展主要经济标准。这种投机的方法和人口增长带来的压力导致了城市的―垂直‖上升，人们也不得不适应这种拥挤来维持这些相对虚假的土地价值。荒谬的是试图消除拥挤的良方就是创造更多的拥挤。

部分的分散，或者叫虚假的分散，在远离传统市镇中心的地方大片开发，只是把疾病转移到市镇的周边。如果和市镇交通系统重建相结合的话，就无法治愈。对于这一点，铺设复杂的十字路口的必要性强烈影响工程解决办法，反过来，又被夸张的地价挫败。

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