最新中英对照联合声明China--US joint statement

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

中美三個聯合公報是兩國關係發展的綱領性文件。1972年2月，美國總統尼克松應周恩來總理的邀請訪華，中美交往的大門重新打開。尼克松訪華期間，中美雙方於1972年2月28日在上海發表了《中美聯合公報》（「上海公報」）。

在1975年12月，美國總統福特應邀訪華。1978年12月16日，中美兩國發表了《中美建交聯合公報》。

在1979年1月，應美國總統卡特的邀請，中國領導人鄧小平訪美，揭開了中美關係史的新篇章。1982年8月17日，兩國政府發表《中美聯合公報》（「八．一七公報」）。

而在1997年10月，國家主席江澤民對美國進行國事訪問，這是中國國家主席12年來對美國的首次國事訪問。兩國發表了《中美聯合聲明》，其中決定共同致力於建立中美建設性戰略夥伴關係。

在2009年11月，美國總統奧巴馬對中國進行國事訪問。國家主席胡錦濤與他會談後，雙方在12年後再度發表《中美聯合聲明》，重申致力於建設二十一世紀積極合作全面的中美關係。

此外，中美兩國於2006年9月還曾在北京發表《中美關於啟動兩國戰略經濟對話機制的共同聲明》。 ■香港文匯報記者何凡 整理

U.S. - China Joint Statement

1. At the invitation of President Barack Obama of the United States of America, President Hu Jintao of the People’s Republic of China is paying a state visit to the United States of America from January 18-21, 2011. During his visit, President Hu met with Vice President Joseph Biden, will meet with U.S. Congressional leadership, and will visit Chicago.

2. The two Presidents reviewed the progress made in the relationship since President Obama’s November 2009 State Visit to China and reaffirmed their commitment to building a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive U.S. - China relationship for the 21st century, which serves the interests of the American and Chinese peoples and of the global

community. The two sides reaffirmed that the three Joint Communiqués issued by the United States and China laid the political foundation for the relationship and will continue to guide the development of U.S. - China relations. The two sides reaffirmed respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. The Presidents further

reaffirmed their commitment to the November 2009 U.S. - China Joint Statement.

3. The United States and China committed to work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit in order to promote the common interests of both countries and to address the 21st century's opportunities and challenges. The United States and China are actively cooperating on a wide range of security, economic, social, energy, and environmental issues which require deeper bilateral

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

engagement and coordination. The two leaders agreed that broader and deeper collaboration with international partners and institutions is required to develop and implement sustainable solutions and to promote peace, stability, prosperity, and the well-being of peoples throughout the world.

Strengthening U.S. - China Relations

4. Recognizing the importance of the common challenges that they face together, the United States and China decided to continue working toward a partnership that advances common interests, addresses shared concerns, and highlights international responsibilities. The two leaders recognize that the relationship between the United States and China is both vital and complex. The United States and China have set an example of positive and cooperative relations between countries, despite different political systems, historical and cultural backgrounds, and levels of economic development. The two sides agreed to work further to nurture and deepen bilateral strategic trust to enhance their

relations. They reiterated the importance of deepening dialogue aimed at expanding practical cooperation and affirmed the need to work together to address areas of disagreement, expand common ground, and strengthen coordination on a range of issues.

5. The United States reiterated that it welcomes a strong, prosperous, and successful China that plays a greater role in world affairs. China welcomes the United States as an Asia-Pacific nation that contributes to peace, stability and prosperity in the region. Working together, both leaders support efforts to build a more stable, peaceful, and prosperous Asia-Pacific region for the 21st century.

6. Both sides underscored the importance of the Taiwan issue in U.S. - China relations. The Chinese side emphasized that the Taiwan issue concerns China’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, and expressed the hope that the U.S. side will honor its relevant commitments and appreciate and support the Chinese side’s position on this issue. The U.S. side stated that the United States follows its one China policy and abides by the principles of the three U.S.-China Joint Communiqués. The United States applauded the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait and welcomed the new lines of communications developing between them. The United States supports the peaceful development of relations across the Taiwan Strait and looks forward to efforts by both sides to increase dialogues and interactions in economic, political, and other fields, and to develop more positive and stable cross-Strait relations.

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

7. The United States and China reiterated their commitment to the promotion and protection of human rights, even as they continue to have significant differences on these issues. The United States stressed that the promotion of human rights and democracy is an important part of its foreign policy. China stressed that there should be no interference in any country’s internal affairs. The United States and China underscored that each country and its people have the right to choose their own path, and all countries should respect each other's choice of a development model. Addressing differences on human rights in a spirit of equality and mutual respect, as well as promoting and protecting human rights consistent with international instruments, the two sides agreed to hold the next round of the U.S.- C hina Human Rights Dialogue before the third round of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue (S&ED).

8. The United States and China agreed to hold the next round of the resumed Legal Experts Dialogue before the next Human Rights Dialogue convenes. The United States and China further agreed to strengthen cooperation in the field of law and exchanges on the rule of law. The United States and China are actively exploring exchanges and discussions on the increasing role of women in society.

9. The United States and China affirmed that a healthy, stable, and reliable military-to-military relationship is an essential part of President Obama’s and President Hu’s shared vision for a positive, cooperative, and comprehensive U.S.-China relationship. Both sides agreed on the need for enhanced and substantive dialogue and communication at all levels: to reduce misunderstanding, misperception, and miscalculation; to foster greater understanding and expand mutual

interest; and to promote the healthy, stable, and reliable development of the military-to-military relationship. Both sides noted the

successful visit of Secretary of Defense Robert Gates to China earlier this month, and that the United States welcomes Chief of the PLA General Staff General Chen Bingde to the United States in the first half of 2011. Both sides reaffirmed that the Defense Consultative Talks, the Defense Policy Coordination Talks, and the Military Maritime Consultative Agreement will remain important channels of communication in the

future. Both sides will work to execute the seven priority areas for developing military-to-military relations as agreed to by Secretary Gates and General Xu Caihou, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission in October 2009.

10. The United States and China agreed to take specific actions to deepen dialogue and exchanges in the field of space. The United States invited

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

a Chinese delegation to visit NASA headquarters and other appropriate NASA facilities in 2011 to reciprocate for the productive visit of the U.S. NASA Administrator to China in 2010. The two sides agreed to continue discussions on opportunities for practical future cooperation in the space arena, based on principles of transparency, reciprocity, and mutual benefit.

11. The United States and China acknowledged the accomplishments under the bilateral Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology, one of the longest-standing bilateral agreements between the two countries, and welcomed the signing of its extension. The United States and China will continue to cooperate in such diverse areas as agriculture, health, energy, environment, fisheries, student exchanges, and technological innovation in order to advance mutual well-being.

12. The United States and China welcomed progress by the U.S.-China Joint Liaison Group on Law Enforcement Cooperation (JLG) to strengthen law enforcement cooperation across a range of issues, including

counterterrorism. The United States and China also agreed to enhance joint efforts to combat corruption through bilateral and other means. Promoting High-Level Exchanges

13. The two sides agreed that high-level exchanges are indispensable to strong U.S.-China relations, and that close, frequent, and in-depth dialogue is important to advance bilateral relations and international peace and development. In this spirit, both Presidents look forward to meeting again in the coming year, including in the state of Hawaii for the U.S.-hosted 2011 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders’ meeting. China welcomed Vice President Biden for a visit in 2011. The United States welcomed a subsequent visit by Vice President Xi Jinping.

14. The two sides praised the S&ED as a key mechanism for coordination between the two governments, and agreed to hold the third round of the S&ED in Washington, D.C., in May 2011. The S&ED has played an important role in helping build trust and confidence between the two countries. The two sides also agreed to hold the second meeting of the High-Level Consultation on People-to-People Exchange in the United States in the spring of 2011, and the 22nd meeting of the U.S.-China Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade (JCCT) in China in the second half of 2011. The two sides agreed to maintain close communication between the foreign ministers of the two countries through mutual visits, meetings, and other means.

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

15. The two sides emphasized the importance of continued interaction between their legislatures, including institutionalized exchanges

between the National People’s Congress of China and the U.S. Senate and House of Representatives.

Addressing Regional and Global Challenges

16. The two sides believe that the United States and China have a common interest in promoting peace and security in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond, and agreed to enhance communication and coordination to address pressing regional and global challenges. The two sides undertake to act to protect the global environment and to work in concert on global issues to help safeguard and promote the sustainable development of all countries and peoples. Specifically, the United States and China agreed to advance cooperation to: counter violent extremism; prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons, other weapons of mass destruction, and their means of delivery; strengthen nuclear security; eliminate infectious disease and hunger; end extreme poverty; respond effectively to the challenge of climate change; counter piracy; prevent and mitigate disasters; address cyber-security; fight transnational crime; and combat trafficking in persons. In coordination with other parties, the United States and China will endeavor to increase cooperation to address common concerns and promote shared interests.

17. The United States and China underlined their commitment to the eventual realization of a world without nuclear weapons and the need to strengthen the international nuclear non-proliferation regime to address the threats of nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism. In this regard, both sides support early entry into force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), reaffirmed their support for the early commencement of negotiations on a Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty in the Conference on Disarmament, and agreed to work together to reach these goals. The two sides also noted their deepening cooperation on nuclear security following the Washington Nuclear Security Summit and signed a Memorandum of Understanding that will help establish a Center of Excellence on Nuclear Security in China.

18. The United States and China agreed on the critical importance of maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula as underscored by the Joint Statement of September 19, 2005 and relevant UN Security Council Resolutions. Both sides expressed concern over heightened tensions on the Peninsula triggered by recent developments. The two sides noted their continuing efforts to cooperate closely on matters concerning the Peninsula. The United States and China emphasized the

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

importance of an improvement in North-South relations and agreed that sincere and constructive inter-Korean dialogue is an essential

step. Agreeing on the crucial importance of denuclearization of the Peninsula in order to preserve peace and stability in Northeast Asia, the United States and China reiterated the need for concrete and effective steps to achieve the goal of denuclearization and for full implementation of the other commitments made in the September 19, 2005 Joint Statement of the Six-Party Talks. In this context, the United States and China expressed concern regarding the DPRK’s claimed uranium enrichment program. Both sides oppose all activities inconsistent with the 2005 Joint Statement and relevant international obligations and

commitments. The two sides called for the necessary steps that would allow for early resumption of the Six-Party Talks process to address this and other relevant issues.

19. On the Iranian nuclear issue, the United States and China reiterated their commitment to seeking a comprehensive and long-term solution that would restore international confidence in the exclusively peaceful nature of Iran’s nuclear program. Both sides agreed that Iran has the right to peaceful uses of nuclear energy under the Non-Proliferation Treaty and that Iran should fulfill its due international obligations under that treaty. Both sides called for full implementation of all relevant UN Security Council Resolutions. The United States and China welcomed and will actively participate in the P5+1 process with Iran, and stressed the importance of all parties – including Iran – committing to a constructive dialogue process.

20. Regarding Sudan, the United States and China agreed to fully support the North-South peace process, including full and effective

implementation of Sudan’s Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The two sides stressed the need for all sides to respect the result of a free, fair, and transparent referendum. Both the United States and China expressed concern on the Darfur issue and believed that further, substantive progress should be made in the political process in Darfur to promote the early, comprehensive, and appropriate solution to this issue. Both the United States and China have a continuing interest in the maintenance of peace and stability in the wider region.

21. The two sides agreed to enhance communication and coordination in the Asia-Pacific region in a spirit of mutual respect and cooperation, and to work together with other Asia-Pacific countries, including through multilateral institutions, to promote peace, stability, and prosperity. Building a Comprehensive and Mutually Beneficial Economic Partnership

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

22. President Obama and President Hu recognized the vital importance of working together to build a cooperative economic partnership of mutual respect and mutual benefit to both countries and to the global economy. The two leaders agreed to promote comprehensive economic cooperation, and will develop further a framework of comprehensive economic cooperation, relying on existing mechanisms, by the third round of the S&ED in May, based on the main elements outlined below:

23. The two sides agreed to strengthen macroeconomic communication and cooperation, in support of strong, sustainable and balanced growth in the United States, China and the global economy:

The United States will focus on reducing its medium-term federal deficit and ensuring long-term fiscal sustainability, and will maintain vigilance against excess volatility in exchange

rates. The Federal Reserve has taken important steps in recent years to increase the clarity of its communications regarding its outlook and longer run objectives.

China will intensify efforts to expand domestic demand, to promote private investment in the service sector, and to give greater play to the fundamental role of the market in resource

allocation. China will continue to promote RMB exchange rate reform and enhance RMB exchange rate flexibility, and promote the transformation of its economic development model.

Both sides agree to continue to pursue forward-looking monetary policies with due regards to the ramifications of those policies for the international economy.

The two sides affirmed support for efforts by European leaders to reinforce market stability and promote sustainable, long-term growth.

24. The two countries, recognizing the importance of open trade and investment in fostering economic growth, job creation, innovation, and prosperity, affirmed their commitment to take further steps to liberalize global trade and investment, and to oppose trade and investment

protectionism. The two sides also agreed to work proactively to resolve bilateral trade and investment disputes in a constructive, cooperative, and mutually beneficial manner.

25. The two leaders emphasized their strong commitment to direct their negotiators to engage in across-the-board negotiations to promptly bring the WTO Doha Development Round to a successful, ambitious, comprehensive, and balanced conclusion, consistent with the mandate of the Doha

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

Development Round and built on the progress already achieved. The two sides agreed that engagement between our representatives must intensify and expand in order to complete the end game.

26. The two leaders agreed on the importance of achieving a more balanced trade relationship, and spoke highly of the progress made on this front, including at the recent 21st Meeting of the JCCT in Washington, D.C.

27. China will continue to strengthen its efforts to protect IPR, including by conducting audits to ensure that government agencies at all levels use legitimate software and by publishing the auditing results as required by China’s law. China will not link its innovation policies to the provision of government procurement preferences. The United States welcomed China’s agreement to submit a robust, second revised offer to the WTO Government Procurement Committee before the Committee’s final meeting in 2011, which will include sub-central entities.

28. The two leaders acknowledged the importance of fostering open, fair, and transparent investment environments to their domestic economies and to the global economy and reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing bilateral investment treaty (BIT) negotiations, recognizing that a successful BIT negotiation would support an open global economy by facilitating and protecting investment, and enhancing transparency and predictability for investors of both countries. China welcomed the United States’ commitment to consult through the JCCT in a cooperative manner to work towards China’s Market Economy Status in an expeditious manner. China welcomed discussion between the two sides on the ongoing reform of the U.S. export control system, and its potential implications for U.S. exports to its major trading partners, including China, consistent with U.S. national security interests.

29. The two sides further acknowledged the deep and robust nature of the commercial relationship, including the contracts concluded at this visit, and welcomed the mutual economic benefits resulting from the relationship.

30. The two sides agreed to continue working to make concrete progress on the bilateral economic relationship through the upcoming S&ED and the JCCT process.

31. The United States and China recognized the potential for their firms to play a positive role in the infrastructure development in each country and agreed to strengthen cooperation in this area.

32. The two countries committed to deepen bilateral and multilateral

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

cooperation on financial sector investment and regulation, and support open environments for investment in financial services and cross-border portfolio investment, consistent with prudential and national security requirements. The United States is committed to ensuring that the GSEs have sufficient capital and the ability to meet their financial obligations.

33. The United States and China agree that currencies in the SDR basket should only be those that are heavily used in international trade and financial transactions. In that regard, the United States supports China’s efforts over time to promote inclusion of the RMB in the SDR basket.

34. The two countries pledged to work together to strengthen the global financial system and reform the international financial

architecture. The two sides will continue their strong cooperation to strengthen the legitimacy and improve the effectiveness of the International Monetary Fund and Multilateral Development Banks

(MDBs). The two sides will jointly promote efforts of the international community to assist developing countries, in particular the Least Developed Countries to achieve the Millennium Development Goals

(MDGs). The two sides will also, in partnership with the Multilateral Development Banks, explore cooperation that supports global poverty reduction and development, and regional integration including in Africa, to contribute to inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

35. The two countries reiterated their support for the G-20 Framework for Strong, Sustainable and Balanced Growth and reaffirmed their

commitments made in the Seoul Summit Declaration, including using the full range of policies to strengthen the global recovery and to reduce excessive imbalances and maintain current account imbalances at

sustainable levels. The two sides support a bigger role for the G-20 in international economic and financial affairs, and pledged to strengthen communication and coordination to follow through on the commitments of the G-20 summits and push for positive outcomes at the Cannes Summit. Cooperating on Climate Change, Energy and the Environment

36. The two sides view climate change and energy security as two of the greatest challenges of our time. The United States and China agreed to continue their close consultations on action to address climate change, coordinate to achieve energy security for our peoples and the world, build on existing clean energy cooperation, ensure open markets, promote mutually beneficial investment in climate friendly energy, encourage

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

clean energy, and facilitate advanced clean energy technology development.

37. Both sides applauded the progress made in clean energy and energy security since the launch of the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center, Renewable Energy Partnership, U.S.-China Joint Statement on Energy Security Cooperation, and Energy Cooperation Program (ECP). Both sides reaffirmed their ongoing exchanges on energy policy and cooperation on oil, natural gas (including shale gas), civilian nuclear energy, wind and solar energy, smart grid, advanced bio-fuels, clean coal, energy

efficiency, electric vehicles and clean energy technology standards.

38. The two sides commended the progress made since the launch of the U.S.-China Ten Year Framework on Energy and Environment Cooperation (TYF) in 2008. They agreed to further strengthen practical cooperation under the TYF, carry out action plans in the priority areas of water, air, transportation, electricity, protected areas, wetlands, and energy efficiency, engage in policy dialogues, and implement the EcoPartnerships program. The United States and China were also pleased to announce two new EcoPartnerships. The two sides welcomed local governments,

enterprises, and research institutes of the two countries to participate in the TYF, and jointly explore innovative models for U.S.-China energy and environment cooperation. The two sides welcomed the cooperation projects and activities which will be carried out in 2011 under the TYF.

39. The two sides welcomed the Cancun agreements and believed that it is important that efforts to address climate change also advance economic and social development. Working together and with other countries, the two sides agreed to actively promote the comprehensive, effective, and sustained implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, including the implementation of the Cancun agreements and support efforts to achieve positive outcomes at this year’s conference in South Africa.

Expanding People-to-People Exchanges

40. The United States and China have long supported deeper and broader people-to-people ties as part of a larger effort to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. Both sides agreed to take concrete steps to enhance these people-to-people

exchanges. Both sides noted with satisfaction the successful Expo 2010 Shanghai, and the Chinese side complimented the United States on its USA Pavilion. The two sides announced the launch of a U.S.-China Governors Forum and decided to further support exchanges and cooperation at local levels in a variety of fields, including support for the expansion of the

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

sister province and city relationships. The United States and China also agreed to take concrete steps to strengthen dialogue and exchanges between their young people, particularly through the 100,000 Strong

Initiative. The United States warmly welcomes more Chinese students in American educational institutions, and will continue to facilitate visa issuance for them. The two sides agreed to discuss ways of expanding cultural interaction, including exploring a U.S.-China cultural year event and other activities. The two sides underscored their commitment to further promoting and facilitating increased tourism. The United States and China agreed that all these activities help deepen understanding, trust, and cooperation.

Conclusion

41. President Hu Jintao expressed his thanks to President Obama and the American people for their warm reception and hospitality during his visit. The two Presidents agreed that the visit has furthered U.S.-China

relations, and both sides resolved to work together to build a cooperative partnership based on mutual respect and mutual benefit. The two

Presidents shared a deep belief that a stronger U.S.-China relationship not only serves the fundamental interests of their respective peoples, but also benefits the entire Asia-Pacific region and the world. 中美联合声明

二00九年十一月十七日，北京

应中华人民共和国主席胡锦涛邀请，美利坚合众国总统贝拉克·奥巴马于二00九年十一月十五日至十八日对中国进行国事访问。两国元首就中美关系和其他共同关心的问题进行了深入、坦诚的会谈，成果丰富。双方积极评价中美建交三十年来两国关系取得的巨大发展，并就推进新时期中美关系发展达成一致。奥巴马总统将分别与中国全国人大常委会委员长吴邦国、国务院总理温家宝举行会见。奥巴马总统还与中国青年人进行了交流并回答他们的提问。

一、中美关系

双方认为，两国领导人保持密切交往对确保中美关系长期健康稳定发展至关重要。双方认为两国元首今年以来的三次会晤和两国其他重要双边交往加强了两国关系。奥巴马总统邀请胡锦涛主席于明年访问美国，胡主席愉快地接受了邀请。两国领导人将继续通过互访、会晤、通话、书信等方式保持密切沟通。

双方高度评价中美战略与经济对话机制的重要作用，认为对话为两国增进理解、扩大共识、减少分歧、寻求对共同问题的解决办法提供了独特的平台。双方认为今年七月在华盛顿举行的首轮对话成果丰硕，同意切实履行双方在首轮对话中所作承诺并将于二0一0年夏天在北京举行第二轮对话。双方同意继续利用高层领导人的直接联系渠道就重大敏感问题保持及时沟通，将两国外长年度互访机制化，并鼓励两国其他部门高级官员经常互访。

双方积极评价中国中央军事委员会副主席徐才厚上将今年十月访美成果，表示将采取具体措施推进两军关系未来持续、可靠地向前发展。双方将共同做好二0一0年中国人民解放

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

军总参谋长陈炳德上将访美和美国国防部长罗伯特·盖茨、美军参谋长联席会议主席迈克尔·马伦上将访华有关准备工作，积极落实两军已商定的各项交流与合作计划，包括提高两军交往的级别和频率。上述措施旨在加强双方开展务实合作的能力，增进对彼此意图和国际安全环境的理解。

双方同意在平等互利基础上深化反恐磋商与合作，加强执法合作。双方同意以对等的方式及时就执法事务交换证据和情报。双方将就共同关心的案件开展联合调查，并为对方提供调查协助。双方将加强在刑事调查方面的合作，深化在打击贪污、禁毒和前体化学品控制、打击非法移民活动方面的合作，加强在打击跨国犯罪和犯罪集团以及反洗钱和包括打击制造伪钞、追讨非法资金在内的反恐融资领域的共同努力，并打击走私和贩卖人口。 美方重申支持中国上海举办二0一0年世博会。

双方积极评价《中美科技合作协定》签署三十年来两国科技合作与交流取得的丰硕成果，同意通过中美科技合作联委会进一步提升两国在科技创新领域交流与合作的水平。

双方期待本着透明、对等和互利原则，就航天科学合作加强讨论并在载人航天飞行和航天探索方面开启对话。双方欢迎美国国家航空航天局局长和中方相应官员在二0一0年实现互访。

双方同意加强民用航空领域合作，确认愿扩大《中国民用航空局与美国联邦航空局民航技术合作协议备忘录》。双方欢迎两国公共和私营机构在高速铁路基础设施建设方面进行合作。

双方承诺将落实最近签署的《中美两国农业部关于农业合作的谅解备忘录》。

双方同意就卫生健康领域进一步开展联合研究，包括干细胞联合研究等。双方将深化在全球公共卫生领域的合作，包括甲型H1N1流感的预防、监控、报告和控制以及禽流感、艾滋病毒及艾滋病、肺结核、疟疾。双方还将加强在食品安全和产品质量方面的合作。

双方强调各国及各国人民都有权选择自身发展道路。各国应相互尊重对方对于发展模式的选择。双方都认识到，中国与美国在人权领域存在分歧。双方本着平等和相互尊重的精神处理有关分歧，并按照国际人权文书促进和保护人权，决定于二0一0年二月底前在华盛顿举行下一轮中美人权对话。双方认为在法律领域促进合作并就法治问题交流符合两国人民和政府的利益和需要。双方决定尽早举行中美法律专家对话。

双方认为，人文交流对促进更加紧密的中美关系具有重要作用。为促进人文交流，双方原则同意建立一个新的双边机制。双方高兴地看到近年来在彼此国家留学的人数不断增加。目前在美国的中国留学人员已接近十万人，美方将接受更多中国留学人员赴美学习并为中国留学人员赴美提供签证便利。美国在华留学人员约有两万名。美方将启动一个鼓励更多美国人来华留学的新倡议，今后四年向中国派遣十万名留学人员。中方欢迎美方上述决定。双方同意加紧商谈并于二0一0年续签《中华人民共和国政府和美利坚合众国政府文化协定二0一0至二0一二年执行计划》，并适时在美合作举办第二届“中美文化论坛”。

二、建立和深化双边战略互信

双方认为，二十一世纪全球性挑战日益增多，世界各国相互依存不断加深，对和平、发展与合作的需求增强。中美在事关全球稳定与繁荣的众多重大问题上，拥有更加广泛的合作基础，肩负更加重要的共同责任。两国应进一步加强协调与合作，共同应对挑战，为促进世界和平、安全、繁荣而努力。

双方认为，培育和深化双边战略互信对新时期中美关系发展至关重要。在双方讨论中，中方表示，中国始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，致力于推动建立持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。美方重申，美方欢迎一个强大、繁荣、成功、在国际事务中发挥更大作用的中国。美方表示，美国致力于与其他国家共同努力应对所面临的最困难的国际问题。中方表示，欢迎美国作为一个亚太国家为本地区和平、稳定与繁荣作出努力。

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

双方重申致力于建设二十一世纪积极合作全面的中美关系，并将采取切实行动稳步建立应对共同挑战的伙伴关系。

双方强调台湾问题在中美关系中的重要性。中方强调，台湾问题涉及中国主权和领土完整，希望美方信守有关承诺，理解和支持中方在此问题上的立场。美方表示奉行一个中国政策，遵守中美三个联合公报的原则。美方欢迎台湾海峡两岸关系和平发展，期待两岸加强经济、政治及其他领域的对话与互动，建立更加积极、稳定的关系。

双方重申，互相尊重主权和领土完整这一根本原则是指导中美关系的中美三个联合公报的核心。双方均不支持任何势力破坏这一原则的任何行动。双方一致认为，尊重彼此核心利益对确保中美关系稳定发展极端重要。

双方认为，中美两国在共同应对全球挑战方面开展合作，有助于促进世界繁荣与安全。双方重申一九九八年六月二十七日作出的关于不把各自控制下的战略核武器瞄准对方的承诺。双方认为，两国在推动和平利用外空方面拥有共同利益，双方同意采取步骤加强外空安全。双方同意通过中美战略与经济对话、两军交往等渠道就具有战略重要性的问题进行讨论。

双方同意通过现有磋商和对话渠道，根据国际法准则，在相互尊重管辖权和利益的基础上妥善处理军事安全和海上安全问题。

三、经济合作和全球复苏

双方决心共同努力，推动全球经济实现更加可持续和平衡的增长。为此，双方注意到彼此强有力和及时的政策措施有助于遏制全球产出下降和稳定金融市场。双方同意延续现有举措以确保强健、可持续的全球经济复苏和金融体系。双方重申将继续在宏观经济政策领域加强对话与合作。双方承诺履行在首轮中美战略与经济对话、二十国集团峰会和在新加坡举行的亚太经合组织会议中作出的所有承诺。

双方积极评价二十国集团三次金融峰会在应对国际金融危机方面所发挥的重要作用，愿与二十国集团其他成员一道努力提高作为国际经济合作主要论坛的二十国集团的效力。双方同意共同努力，包括通过合作推动二十国集团的“相互评估进程”，推动二十国集团“为了实现强有力、可持续、平衡增长框架”取得成功。双方欢迎二十国集团近期达成的共识，即确保国际金融机构享有充分资源，改革其治理机制以提高国际金融机构的可信性、合法性和有效性。双方强调应及早落实国际金融机构份额和投票权量化改革目标，按照匹兹堡峰会领导人声明增加新兴市场和发展中国家在这些机构中的发言权和代表性。双方同意共同加强这些国际金融机构的能力，以防范和应对未来的危机。

双方将进一步加强宏观经济政策的沟通与信息交流，共同努力采取调整国内需求和相关价格的政策，促进更加可持续和平衡的贸易与增长。中方将继续落实政策，调整经济结构，提高家庭收入，扩大内需，增加消费对国内生产总值的贡献，改革社会保障体系。美国将采取措施提高国内储蓄占国内生产总值的比重，推动可持续的、非通货膨胀式的增长。为此，美方致力于将联邦预算赤字降到一个可持续发展的水平并采取措施鼓励私人储蓄。双方将采取前瞻性的货币政策，并适当关注货币政策对国际经济的影响。

双方认识到开放贸易和投资对本国经济和全球经济的重要性，并致力于共同反对各种形式的保护主义。双方同意本着建设性、合作性和互利性的态度，积极解决双边贸易和投资争端。双方将加快《双边投资协定》谈判。双方承诺推动多哈发展回合在二0一0年达成一个积极、富有雄心、平衡的最终成果。

双方积极评价第二十届中美商贸联委会会议成果。双方重申在会议中所作承诺并期待其得到全面落实。

四、地区及全球性挑战

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

双方认识到，在当前国际形势发生复杂深刻变化的情况下，中美在合作应对地区和全球安全挑战方面拥有共同责任。双方强调中美在亚太地区拥有广泛共同利益，支持构建和完善开放、包容、共赢的地区合作框架。双方将努力推动亚太经合组织在促进地区贸易投资自由化和经济技术合作以及东盟地区论坛在促进地区安全合作方面发挥更有效作用。

双方认为遵守《不扩散核武器条约》、国际原子能机构相关规定以及实施联合国安理会所有相关决议对两国合作阻止核武器扩散的努力取得成功至关重要。两国元首忆及二00九年九月二十四日出席联合国安理会核不扩散与核裁军峰会，表示欢迎峰会成果并坚决支持联合国安理会一八八七号决议。

双方重申继续推动六方会谈进程并落实二00五年“九·一九”共同声明的重要性，包括朝鲜半岛无核化、关系正常化及在东北亚地区建立永久和平机制。双方表示，愿与有关各方共同努力，通过协商对话，全面实现六方会谈宗旨和总体目标。中方对美朝开始高级别接触表示欢迎。双方希望六方会谈多边机制早日重启。

双方关切地注意到伊朗核问题的最新动向。双方同意，伊朗根据《不扩散核武器条约》拥有和平利用核能的权利，同时伊朗也应履行该条约规定的相应国际义务。六国与伊朗于十月一日在日内瓦举行的会晤对解决国际社会对伊朗核项目的关切是一个有希望的开端，双方对此表示欢迎，并表示愿尽快继续此类接触。双方强调应全力采取建立信任措施，呼吁伊朗对国际原子能机构总干事的提议作出积极反应。双方重申大力支持通过谈判寻求全面、长期解决伊核问题的办法，呼吁伊朗继续与六国进行建设性接触，并与国际原子能机构全面合作，以取得令人满意的结果。

双方欢迎一切有助于南亚和平、稳定、发展的努力，支持阿富汗、巴基斯坦为打击恐怖主义、维护国内稳定、实现经济社会可持续发展作出的努力，支持印度和巴基斯坦改善和发展关系。双方愿就南亚问题加强沟通、对话与合作，共同促进南亚和平、稳定和发展。

双方强调致力于最终实现无核武器世界。双方重申反对大规模杀伤性武器扩散，将共同维护国际核不扩散体系。双方同意在相互尊重和平等的基础上加强防扩散领域的合作。双方将共同努力确保二0一0年《不扩散核武器条约》审议大会取得成功。双方致力于尽早批准《全面禁止核试验条约》，并将共同努力推动该条约早日生效。双方支持日内瓦裁谈会尽早启动“禁止生产核武器用裂变材料条约”谈判，愿加强在核安全和打击核恐怖主义领域的沟通与合作。中方重视美方有关于二0一0年四月举行核安全峰会的倡议，将积极参加峰会筹备进程。

双方还讨论了联合国维和行动对维护国际和平与安全的重要性。

双方同意就发展问题加强对话，探讨双方就此开展协调与合作的领域，并确保两国有关努力有利于取得可持续成果。

五、气候变化、能源与环境

双方就气候变化问题进行了建设性和富有成效的对话。双方强调气候变化是我们时代的重大挑战之一。双方认为应对这一挑战需要强有力的回应，国际合作是不可或缺的组成部分。双方相信，应对气候变化应该尊重发展中国家把经济和社会发展作为优先事项，并相信向低碳经济转型是促进所有国家经济持续增长和可持续发展的机会。

关于即将召开的哥本哈根会议，双方同意，依据“巴厘行动计划”积极促进《联合国气候变化框架公约》全面、有效和可持续实施具有重要意义。双方决心根据各自国情采取重要减缓行动，并认识到两国在促成加强世界应对气候变化能力的可持续成果方面具有重要作用。双方决心支持这些承诺。

在此背景下，双方致力于在哥本哈根会议达成最终的法律协议，同时相信，在共同但有区别的责任原则和各自能力的基础上，达成的成果应包括发达国家的减排目标和发展中

中英对照版的最新发表的中美联合声明,供大家学习。

国家的国内适当减缓行动。该项成果也应实质性地增加给发展中国家的资金帮助，促进技术开发、推广和转让，尤其应该注意最贫穷国家和最脆弱国家适应气候变化的需要，促进保护和增强森林作用的措施，并在执行减缓措施以及提供资金、技术和能力建设支持方面保持充分的透明度。

双方将共同并与其他国家一道在未来几周内为哥本哈根会议的成功而努力。

双方一致认为，向绿色经济、低碳经济转型十分关键，未来数年清洁能源产业将为两国民众提供大量机会，欢迎在今年七月首轮中美战略与经济对话期间宣布并于奥巴马总统访华期间正式签署的《中美关于加强气候变化、能源和环境合作的谅解备忘录》基础上，双方为推进气候变化、能源和环境的政策对话和务实合作采取重要步骤。

双方认识到《能源和环境合作十年框架》的重要性，并致力于加强清洁的大气、水、交通、电力和资源保护领域的合作。根据在十年合作框架下新制订的中美能效行动计划，中美两国将通过技术合作、示范和政策交流，共同努力以成本效益高的方式提高工业、建筑和消费品领域的能效。注意到两国在能效领域的巨大投资，双方强调，通过能源节约将带来创造就业和促进经济增长的大量机遇。

双方欢迎《中国科技部、国家能源局与美国能源部关于中美清洁能源联合研究中心合作议定书》的签署。中美清洁能源联合研究中心将为两国科学家和工程技术人员从事清洁能源联合研发提供便利，并为两国研究人员提供交流平台。双方同意在未来五年对中美清洁能源联合研究中心投入至少1.5亿美元，两国各出资一半。中心在两国各设一总部。优先研究课题将包括建筑能效、清洁煤(包括碳捕集与封存)及清洁汽车。

双方欢迎启动中美电动汽车倡议，使两国在未来数年有几百万辆电动汽车投入使用。基于中美两国在电动汽车领域的巨大投资，两国政府宣布在十几个城市开展联合示范项目，并努力开发共同的技术标准以推动此产业规模快速增长。双方一致认为两国对清洁汽车的快速利用拥有很大的共同利益。

双方非常欢迎两国在发展二十一世纪煤炭技术方面的努力。双方同意促进大规模碳捕集与封存示范项目方面的合作，并就碳捕集与封存技术的开发、利用、推广和转让立即开展工作。双方欢迎中美两国企业、大学和研究机构最近就碳捕集与封存、煤炭高效利用技术开展合作达成的协议。

双方欢迎《中国国家发展和改革委员会与美国环境保护局关于应对气候变化能力建设合作备忘录》的签署。

双方欢迎中美可再生能源伙伴关系的启动。通过该伙伴关系，两国将就大规模利用风能、太阳能、先进生物燃料和现代电网制定路线，在设计和执行实现这一远景所需的政策和技术手段方面进行合作。鉴于两国相加市场规模巨大，中美可再生能源的加速利用将在全球范围内极大降低这些技术的成本。

双方欢迎建立中美能源合作项目——一种政府和产业间的伙伴关系，旨在加强能源安全和应对气候变化。该项目将利用私营部门资源和专长，加快清洁能源技术的应用。

双方对近期举办的第四届中美能源政策对话和第九届中美石油和天然气产业论坛表示赞许，并对加速中国非常规天然气资源发展的中美页岩气合作倡议的启动表示欢迎。该倡议旨在利用美国近期的经验，以提高中美两国能源安全，帮助中国向低碳经济转型。

双方同意促进核能和平利用的全球努力，并欢迎近期举行的全球核能伙伴关系第三次执行委员会会议，以及该伙伴关系寻求方法强化民用核能合作的国际框架的承诺。双方同意互相协商，以便寻找包括保障燃料供应和全程核燃料管理的办法，从而使各国在核扩散风险最小化的同时，能够和平利用核能。(完)

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