人教版八年级历史下册复习提纲完整版

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service positio n-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some h umble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points t o, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

八（下）复习提纲

第一单元中华人民共和国的成立和巩固

第一课中国人民站起来了

1、第一届政治协商会议：（1）时间：1949年9月。地点：北平。

（2）内容：通过了《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》，，在《中华人民共和国宪法》制定以前，它起临时宪法作用；

选举毛泽东中央人民政府主席，决定以五星红旗为国旗，以《义勇军进行曲》为代国歌，以北平为首都并改名为北京，采用公元纪年，还决定在天安门广场建立一座人民英雄纪念

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumptio n use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, pu blic servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' d uty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse , corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First , the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145

vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one -third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine -tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the 2 碑。以表示对革命先烈的无限崇敬和缅怀 备

注

第一届中国人民政治协商会议代行全国人民代表大会职权

2、中华人民共和国成立（1949年10月1日下午，在天安门广场隆重举行开国大典。毛泽东向全世界宣告：“中华人民共和国中央人民政府今天成立了！”）

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or （1）时间：1949年10月1日。（2）成立标志：开国大典。（3）历史意义：①开辟了历史新纪元。从此，中国结束了一百多年被侵略被奴役的屈辱历史。真正成为独立自主的国家；中国人民从此站起来了，成为国家的主人。（国内）

②壮大了世界和平，民主和社会主义的力量。鼓舞了世界被压迫人民争取解放的斗争。（国际）

（中国半殖民地半封建社会历史结束，开始由新民主主义向社会主义过渡。）

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the3

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

3、西藏和平解放：

（1）时间：1951年。西藏地方政府派出以阿沛阿旺晋美为首席代表的代表团与中央人民政府达成了和平解放西藏的协议。

（2）历史意义：标志着祖国大陆获得了统一，各族人民实现了大团结。

第二课最可爱的人

1.抗美援朝战争：

时间：1950年10月——1953年7月

原因：（1）美国出兵侵略朝鲜，严重威胁中国的安全。（2）朝

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the4

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

鲜政府请求中国政府派兵援助。

2 .美国哪些侵略活动威胁到中国的安全？

①以美军为主的所谓联合国军越过三八线一直打到中国鸭绿江边；②美军飞机入侵中国领空，轰炸扫射中国东北边境城市；③美军第七舰队入侵中国台湾海峡，阻止人民解放军解放台湾

3 .目的：抗美援朝、保家卫国

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the5

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

4 .性质：反侵略的正义战争。5军队：中国人民志愿军，总司令员是彭德怀。

6 .过程：五战五捷

7 .结果：1953年7月，美国被迫在停战协定上签字，中朝人民取得反侵略战争的胜利。

8 .意义：巩固了新生政权，提高了中国的国际地位，打击了美国的侵略政策，为我国的经济建设提供了一个相对稳定的

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the6

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

国际环境。

9 .英雄人物：

黄继光是上甘岭战役中的一位战斗英雄。他用身躯堵住敌人的机枪射口，掩护战友夺回阵地，自己壮烈牺牲。

邱少云在潜伏时，遭到敌人炮火的袭击，火烧到他身上，为了保证战斗的胜利和潜伏部队的安全，邱少云严守潜伏纪律，纹丝不动，壮烈牺牲。

为什么称志愿军为“最可爱的人”？──中国人民志愿军在抗美援朝战争中表现出了高度的爱国主义、国际主义和

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the7

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

革命英雄主义精神。他们不畏艰险，英勇顽强，最终赢得了战争的胜利，为国家和民族赢得了荣誉。

第三课土地改革1．土地改革的原因：①封建土地制度严重阻碍农村经济和中国社会的发展。②新中国成立后，占全国三亿多人口的新解放区还没有进行土地改革，广大农民迫切要求进行土地改革，获得土地。

2．法律依据：1950年，中央

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the8

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

人民政府颁布《中华人民共和国土地改革法》，它规定废除地主阶级封建剥削的土地所有制，实行农民的土地所有制

3 . 做法：从1950年冬起，全国分批进行土地改革，没收地主的土地，分给无地少地的农民耕种。同时也分给地主应得的一份，让他们自己耕种，自食其力。

4 . 结果：到1952年底，除

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the9

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

部分少数民族地区外，全国大陆基本上完成了土地改革。近三亿无地少地的农民，分到了土地和大量的农具、牲畜和房屋等；还免除了向地主缴纳的地租。农民真正获得了解放。

5.（1）时间：1950年，中央人民政府颁布《中华人民共和国土地改革法》。1952年底，全国大陆基本完成了土地改革。（2）内容：废除地主阶级的土地所有制，实行农民的土地所

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the10

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

有制

（3）意义：①彻底摧毁了存在两千多年的封建土地制度，地主阶级也被消灭。②农民翻了身，成为土地的主人。③使人民政权更加巩固。④大大解放了农村生产力，农业生产获得迅速恢复和发展，为国家的工业建设准备了条件。

7. 新中国成立后，为巩固新生政权进行了那些努力？各有何重要意义？

（1）和平解放西藏。祖国大陆获得统一，各族人民实现大团

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the11

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or 结。

（2）抗美援朝。中国人民志愿军和朝鲜军民共同奋战，迫使美国在停战协定上签字。巩固了新生政权，提高了中国的国际地位，打击了美国的侵略政策，为我国经济建设提供了一个相对稳定的国际环境。（3）土地改革。土地改革的完成，彻底摧毁了我国存在两千多年的封建土地制度，地主阶

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the12

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

级也被消灭；农民成为土地的主人。这使人民政权更加巩固，也大大解放了农村生产力，农业生产获得迅速恢复和发展，为国家的工业化建设准备了条件。

注：1. 1950－1952年土地改革是中国历史上几千年来一次最大、最彻底的改革，标志着中国民主革命任务彻底完成；这次土地改革与过去土地改革

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the13

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

所不同的特点是保存富农经济。

第二单元社会主义道路的探

索

第四课工业化的起步1、第一个五年计划

（1）背景：新中国建立后，国民经济得到根本好转，但我国还是一个落后的农业国。我国的工业水平很低，工业基础薄弱，而且门类不全。许多重要工业品的人均拥有量远远低于发达国家。

(2)时间：1953年－1957年

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the14

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

（3）一五”计划的目的：为了有计划的进行社会主义建设。（4）基本任务：集中力量发展重工业，建立国家工业化和国防现代化的初步基础；相应地发展交通运输业、轻工业、农业和商业；相应地培养建设人才。

（5）主要成就：a、工业：鞍钢、沈阳机械、长春汽车、东北工业基地形成；b、交通运输：武汉长江大桥、川藏、青藏、新藏公路。

（6）意义：从此，我国开始改变了工业落后的面貌，向社会

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the15

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

主义工业化迈进。

2．我国开展“一五”计划建设的重要条件有哪些？取得了哪些成就？简析取得重大成就的原因。

（1）条件：①新中国成立，祖国大陆获得统一；②抗美援朝的胜利；③土地改革的完成，为国家的工业化准备了条件。（2）成就：①1953年底，鞍钢轧钢厂等三大工程建成投产；②1956年，长春第一汽车

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the16

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

制造厂生产出中国第一辆汽车；③中国第一个飞机制造厂试制成功地一架喷气式飞机；

④沈阳第一机床厂建成投产；

⑤1957年，武汉长江大桥建成（“一桥飞架南北，天堑变通途”，第一座长江公路铁路大桥）；⑥川藏、青藏、新藏公路建成，密切了内地与边疆的联系。⑦我国以苏联帮助兴建的156个项目为中心，形成了以

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen

supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the17

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

鞍钢为中心的东北重工业基地；⑧华北和西北也建立了一批新的工业基地。

（3）原因：①党的正确领导；

②完成了社会主义改造；③全国人民的支持和艰苦努力；④苏联的帮助。

2、共和国第一部宪法：

（1）时间：1954年。地点：北京（2）名称：《中华人民共和国宪法》（起宪法作用的有

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the18

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or 《中国人民政治协商会议共同纲领》和《中华人民共和国宪法》）

（3）颁布机构（会议）：第一届全国人民代表大会。

（4）主要规定（内容）：我国坚持人民民主专政，坚持社会主义道路，一切权利属于人民。（5）意义：它是我国第一部真

正反映人民利益的社会

主义类型的宪法。也是

我国有史以来真正反映

人民利益的宪法。

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the19

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty c onsumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption cau sed by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, seri ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions con sumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s pers onal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) the official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until November 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or （6）性质：社会主义性质的宪

法（这是我国第一部社会主义

类型的宪法，也是我国有史以来真正反映人民利益的宪法。）

第五课三大改造

三大改造起止时间：1953—1956年

三大改造的内容：对农业、手工业、资本主义工商业的社会主义改造

三大改造完成的时间──1956年底。

三大改造的实质：生产资料私

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd people pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unif ied of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform sup port of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, system, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of pu blic servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. NPC deputies and CPPCC m embers a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the20

positi on-related consum ption of civil serva nts ha s bee n swe pt by fina nce, consumer, regardl ess of cost, extravagance and waste in t he civil service position-relate d consumption, abuse, corr upti on a nd embe zzleme nt, corrupti on i s important. The n, under t he conditions of market econom y, how t o reform the existing civil duty consumpti on manageme nt, expl ores a source to preve nt and cur b the post consumpti on corr uption way, i s currently a major issue faced by honest work. Recently, I conducte d research on this i ssue, this problem on some humble opi nions. First, the existing publ ic servants ' duty consumpti on the main pr oblems seen from the investigation and reasons, i n rece nt years, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption caused by the abuse s and not a person of integrity, is one of the major problems i n the party i n Gover nment, its operation or der have a negative effect on the party and Gover nment orga ns, ser ously damagi ng the image of the party and t he Gov ernment, undermini ng the relationship betwee n party and the masses, effect, ope ning up and economic constructi on. From I County in re cent years of governa nce situation see

positi ons consumption in the produced of "two not" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a i s positions consumpti on system l ost has due of binding, rig ht is greater than r ules, a nd rig ht is greater than met hod of phe nome non more hig hlight; II is in positions consumpti on in t he Camera Obscura operation, using terms, w ill positions consumpti on i nto ha s personal consumption, will corporate points to i nto per sonal points to, makes positions consumption in some aspect s has i nto positi ons e njoy and self-de aling of means; thre e is to positi ons consum ption for name, fraud, false impersonat or, Trend of negative corruption phe nome na such as corruption a nd misappr opriati on; four pala ces, foll ow the fashion, rivalries, wa steful, and post consumption be came a symbol of showi ng off their inpidual capacities. Ca used by publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on of many "two" phenomenon in whi ch people reflect the biggest pr oblems ar e: (a) t he official car probl ems. Mai nly in thre e aspects: one is the larger buse s cost expe nditur e. Accordi ng to statisti cs, until N ovember 2003, XX County townshi p De partment bus 159 cars, w hich de partment ow ns t he bus 145 vehicle s, and showed a n increasi ng trend. Fina nci al expenses cost per bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact every cost up to 50,000 yua n. Some units al so hiring temporary drivers a nd expenditure on wages a nd subsidie s. Ne cessary to "keep a car", but also "dependants", lea ding to larger expenses. Second, gongchesiyong bree d unhealt hy tendencies. Some people believe that now some bus driv ers use one-t hird, one-third lea ding private one-t hird used for official pur pose s. Some public servants, e spe cially lea ding official s motori ng, cars for private pur poses, violati ng the self-di sci pline re gulations, and even lea d to traffic accide nts. Accor ding to statisti cs from related department s, since 2004, the corre ct investigation in our County serves nearly 30 cars for private purposes, only the first half of this year, cars for private purpose s or

有制转变为社会主义公有制。三大改造完成的意义：到1956年底，国家基本上完成了对农业、手工业和资本主义工商业的社会主义改造，实现了把生产资料私有制改为社会主义公有制的任务，我国初步建立起社会主义的基本制度，从此进入了社会主义初级阶段。（标志着我国初步建立社会主义制度，进入社会主义初级阶段。）一、对农业的社会主义改造

eaders drivi ng a vehi cle a cci dent ca use d by roa d accide nts, 1, 1 pe ople kill ed and dire ct economic losse s amounting to more t han 100,000 yua n. Thir d, hig h efficiency and l ow cost of the bus. Surveys show that, the operati ng costs of taxis for the 8200/... Is a fundame ntal pri ority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must be solved in t he reform process. Clearl y, the post consumpti on averages t hree years before as a ba se and fine-tuned on the basis of this si ngle pra ctices m ust be impr oved. Improveme nts to adhere to t hree pri nci ples: first, under the existing poli cy provi sions a pprove d for publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, calibrati on, is not contrary to poli cy. Se cond, a ccordi ng to the l ocal fina nci al situati on a nd people's sustainabilit y, publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds approve d, both fina ncial rea ch, a nd peo ple pa ssi ng through. T hird, a ccordi ng to the operational needs of civil serva nts responsi ble for aut horize d publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on sta ndar ds, both high a nd low positions, but also the nature of the w ork and the w orkloa d. In reform of method Shang, a pprove d civil servants positions consumption

standar d to "big unified, and small dispersed" suitable, t hat most positi ons consum ption project should a ccor ding to poli cy pr ovides propose d unified sta ndard, consi der to rank s, and units and the w ork task of difference s sex, unified of sta ndard shoul d has el astic of a nd dy namic of, makes regions, and units i n implementati on unified sta ndar d Shi ha s must of flexible disposal rig ht; but since set of standar d must after financial, and audit, se ctor audit approve d Hou to impleme ntation. (C) reform package. Publi c servant s ' duty consumpti on ela sticity of consumpti on to limit consumpti on, t ur ning mess i nto kitchen after di nne r, follow the civ il servant wit h a how to use per sonal title subsi dies, or how to manage a personal duty consumption use of subsi dies. T herefore, we m ust establi sh a nd perfect with public se rvants ' duty consumption moneti zation reform support of the series of governa nce system s such as t he civil service examination of responsibilit y, syst em, low fault investigation system, the re port sai d. While other measures to kee p up. Discipline inspe ction and supervision organs, financial, a uditing departme nts should stre ngthen supe rvision and inspe ction of public servants ' duty consumpti on monetizatio n reform progress, to stre ngthen t he reform of public servants ' duty consumption monetization system, measures to develop an d monitor t he impleme ntation of inspecti on, not consumpti on as re quire d, eve n shifting consumer be havior to st op, serious ca ses to deal with. Three i deas, public servants ' duty consumpti on monetization reform of politi cs, the economy and the dee peni ng of the reform, publi c serva nts ' duty consum ption as some where betwee n a reform also demonstrated its importance and urgency. First of all, civi l servants e spe cially party and Governme nt leader s and public servants ' duty consumpti on there are big draw back s. N PC deputies and CPPCC members a nd t he br oad masse s are concerne d about. Se condl y, the21

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