中考英语情态动词专题复习

中考英语情态动词专题复习

一、考点分析

1）对情态动词提问的回答

2）情态动词否定形式的意义区别

3）情态动词表推测的用法差异

二、专题详解

一、情态动词的语法特征

1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。

2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。

3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。

4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。

常见的情态动词有：can (could) ,may (might), must ,shall (should), will (would), dare (dared) , need等,另外，have to、had better也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。

二、情态动词的分类

1、只做情态动词：must, can(could), may(might)……

2、可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare

3、具有情态动词特征：have (had, has )to, used to, ought to

4、情态动词表猜测：must, can, could, may, might

注：mustn't代表强烈禁止must表示主观，have to表示客观

二、情态动词的用法

中考常见情态动词中英对照表

must必须、一定can能够、可能shall应该、将要

need需要、必要could能够、可能should应该

have to 不得不may许可、可以will决心、将要

ought to应该might许可、可以would愿意

知识点1：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答

1.对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：

Yes, you may. / Yes, of course./ Yes, certainly./ Sure.

No, you mustn’t. / No, you can’t.

2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为：

Yes, …must.

No, … needn’t. / No, …don’t have to. / No, …don’t need to.

3. Could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。

如:Could you do me a favour? 你能帮我个忙吗？

—Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗？

—Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）

4. Would you…的回答方式有以下几种：

Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)

All right/ OK/ With pleasure.Certainly. (No, thank you .)Yes, please.

5. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。

其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right.No, thank you.

典型例题

1.—Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily?

—________.

A.That’s right

B. With pleasure

C. It doesn’t matter

D. No trouble

2. –Must I return the magazine to you right now, Sandy?

--No, you______. You may keep it until next Wednesday.

A needn’t

B can’t

C must

D may

3. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. needn't

D. can't

4. ---Must we finish the poster in class?

---No, you . You can finish it after class. （2012 普陀二模）

A．Mustn’t B. needn’t C. shouldn’t D. can’t

1 A.意为“对了”，B.意为“乐意效劳”, C.意为“没关系” D.意为“不费事”。答案：B

2 A

3 D

4 B

知识点2:不同情态动词的否定意义差异（比较）

1. can’t

①can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。

②当句子表推测时，否定句和疑问句中用can/could ,肯定句中用must

?He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.他不可能病了，他正和Tom下

棋呢。

?I saw her just now. She must be in the office. 我刚才看到她了。她一定在办

公室

③can’t还可用来回答“ May I …? ”这样的问句。

?May I come in ? 我可以进来吗？

?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.不，你不能。

④can’t还可用于固定习语中。can’t help doing禁不住，情不自禁

?can’t wait to do something迫不及待地要做…

?She can’t help crying. 她不禁大哭起来。

2. may的否定式为may not，译成“可能不”，

?He may not be at home. 他也许不在家。

3. mustn’t

①mustn’t表示不许，不可。

?He mustn’t leave his room. 他不许离开他的房间。

?You mustn’t talk in class. 你们不可以在课上说话。

②mustn’t也可用于以may表示要求时的否定回答中。

?—May I stand here? 我可以站在这里吗？

—No, you mustn’t (can’t).不，不行。

4. needn’t

①needn’t意为“不必”。

You needn’t meet him unless you’d like to. 你不需要见他，除非你愿意。

②needn’t + have+动词的过去分词，表“不需要完成但已完成的动作”，暗含时间或

精力上的浪费。

?You needn’t have bought it.你没必要买它（但你却买了）。

又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，

need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。

1）实义动词(多用于肯定句)：need（需要, 要求）need to do sth / need + n.

2）情态动词(多用于否定句&疑问句)：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。

?Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？

Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/ 不，不急着走。

needn’t have done和didn’t need to do区别：

?We didn't need to go．我们没有必要去。（所以也就没有去）

?We needn't have gone．（其实）我们是没有必要去的。（但事实上已去过了）

?Mary need not have done it．玛丽本来不必去做那件事。（言外之意是：她

已经做了）

needn’t have done，表示“已做了原来无需做的行为”之意。

should have done: 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来能够做某事而

没有做”含有指责对方或自责的含意.

?Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆,你

太懒惰了,这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的.

5. shouldn’t 表示不应该。

?You shouldn’t feel so unhappy over such little things. 对于这种小事，你不应

该感到这么不高兴。

典型例题

1.You ____ be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn’t

B. can’t

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

2. Christy has been in China for two years, but she still _______ speak Chinese.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

3. Tom, you mustn't play with fire. You hurt yourself if you don't stop.

A. may

B. can

C. should

D. need to

4. You ______ wash your car at the moment. It’s going to rain.

A. needn’t

B. mustn’t

C. shouldn’t

D. can’t

5. Can you speak louder, please? I ________ hear you clearly.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. needn't

D. can't

Keys: 1 B。表示对现在的肯定推测，常用must be来表示，表示对现在情况的否定推

测，常

用can’t be来表示。 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 D

知识点3: 情态动词表示推测的用法差异（比较）

初中英语里的情态动

词用法主要是如图所

示的六个。我们把他们

按照预期和推测可能

性从弱到强做了排列。

这样就一目了然！

语气

对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。

肯定的推测一般用must，should，may (might) 或can(could)，其中，

must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”；

should的语气次之，意为“很可能”、“应该”，指按常理推测；

may(migt)，can(could)的语气最弱，意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。

否定推测分为两种情况：

语气不很肯定时，常用may／might／could not，意为“可能不”、“也许不”；

否定语气较强时，则用can't，意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”，表示惊异、

怀疑的感情色彩。

【例题】

1.You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

2. — Look at the boy running on the ground．Is it Davis?

— It ____be him．I saw him go to the teacher's office just now．

A.must

B. can't

C. could

D. might

答案：C B

1）can/could 表示能力；可能（过去时用could）, 只用于现在式和过去式（could）。be able to可以用于各种时态。例如：

?They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。

2）只用be able to的情况：

a. 位于助动词后。

b. 情态动词后。

c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。

d. 用于句首表示条件。

e. 表示成功地做了某事时，用was/were able to，不能用could。例如：

?He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee

Europe before the war broke out.他在战争爆发之前逃离欧洲。

注意：could有时不表示时态

1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。例如：

?--- Could I have the television on? 我能看电视吗？

?--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't. 可以/不可以。

2）在否定句、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。例如：

?He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。

?He may be wrong , but I'm not sure.也许他错了，但我也不确定。

?Maybe he is still at home.

情态动词两要点;动词原形跟后面,说话语气较委婉；can表"能力"；may"许可"；must"责任"或"义务"；否定回答"needn't"换；should"应该"；would"愿。

1）两词都是'必须'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。例如：

?My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.

弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。（客观上需要做这件事）

?He said that they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。（主观上要做这件

事）

2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。

?He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。

3）否定结构中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。例如：

?You don't have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他。

?You mustn't tell him about it.你不得把这件事告诉他。

【例1】--Must we finish giving out the posters today?

--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. have to

【例2】--I didn't pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games

recently.

--I agree. You _____ play like that any more.

A. needn't

B. mustn't

C. may not

D. wouldn't

【例3】When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait.

A. may

B. can

C. must

D. might.

【例4】—I really like playing computer games!

—I'm afraid you ________stop，for your study and your health.

A. am

B. will C．may D．must

?She is used to eating meat. 她习惯吃肉。

?He wasn't used to eating in a restaurant.他不习惯在饭店吃饭。

? A knife can be used for cutting things. (刀可以用来割东西)

? A knife can be used to cut things. (刀可以用来割东西)

【考例】He used to ________ in the sun, but now he is used to at night.

A. read, read

B. reading, read

C. read, reading

D. reading, reading

答案：C

两者都可用来表能力，意为“能够，会”；可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、

惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。

【考例1】--Could I borrow your dictionary?

--Of course you ____________.

A. can

B. must

C. should

D. will

【考例2】--Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?

--No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris.

A. may not

B. needn't

C. can't

D. mustn’t

【考例3】—Mary，__________you speak Chinese?

—Yes，only a little．

A must

B need

C may D．can

答案：A C D

shall用于第一人称疑问句表示征求对方意：见；用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。

should用来表示建议、责任、义务时，可译为“应该，应当”，此时可用ought to替换；

可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中)；还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。

【考例】Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports.

A. would

B. might

C. should

D. could

答案：C

“had better + 动词原形”意为“最好做……”，否定句式为had better not。

?It is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat. 天相当冷。你最好穿上我的外套。

?She'd better not play with the dog. 她最好不要玩耍那条狗。

“would rather + 动词原形” 意为“宁可，宁愿”，否定句式为would rather not。would rather do / would rather not do

would rather… than…宁愿…而不愿。

?I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.

我宁愿呆在这儿，而

【考例1】

---Bob，may I __your MP4?

--Sure．But you'd better not _________it to others．

A. lend；lend

B. lend；borrow

C. borrow；borrow

D. borrow；lend

【考例2】

--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?

--I would rather _______ at home than football. It's too hot outside.

A. stay; playing

B. stay; play

C. to stay; to play

D. to stay; playing 答案：D B

总结：can/ may/ must/ should用法概览

情态动词专题练习

1. You _______ to tell him the news. It will make him sad.

A. needn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. couldn’t

D. don’t need

2. –Must I do all the housework, Mum?

--No, you _____. Just clean your bedroom.

A. mustn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. needn’t

D. can’t

3. Jack, you ______ ask a woman her age in England. It’s impolite.

A. needn’t

B. don’t have to

C. ought to

D. shouldn’t

4. We ______ hurry all the way to the airport, the flight was cancelled because of the foggy

weather.

A. mustn’t

B. couldn’t

C. needn’t

D. shouldn’t

5. To our surprise, we enjoy a half month holiday hi January in 2018.

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. need

6. Can you speak louder, please? I hear you clearly.

A. mustn't

B. shouldn't

C. needn't

D. can't

7. All the parcels will be delivered to your home in two days. You ______ worry too much

about it.

A. mustn't

B. needn't

C. can't

D. shouldn't

8. It doesn’t look like rain, so you _______bring your umbrella with you.

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. needn’t

D. may not

9. Children be very careful when they go across the busy street.

A. shouldn't

B. needn't

C. must

D. may

10. I looked everywhere for the book, but I ______find it.

A. mustn't

B. needn't

C. may not

D. couldn't

11. Believe it or not, it's said that people born in the year of the rat _______ become excellent

writers.

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. need

12. — Must I finish my homework before I go to play basketball?

—Yes, you .

A. needn't

B. can't

C. must

D. may

13. You tell him the good news because he has already known it.

A. needn’t

B. may not

C. mustn’t

D. can’t

14. —Shall I tell Mike about it?

—No, you . He's already known it.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. must

D. may

15. — Can I take these magazines home?

— Yes, you ________ , but please return them in two days.

A. must

B. may

C. should

D. need

16. —Must I wash these plates?

—No, you . The machine can do it.

A. mustn't

B. can't

C. may not

D. needn't

17. Christy has had three jobs since college, and she still decide what she wants to do.

A. needn't

B. can't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

18. My parents often tell me we ____ care for small creatures.

A. can

B. should

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

19. Passengers ______ stay seated during the take-off and landing.

A) can B) may C) should D) must

20. Millie ______ come to attend your birthday party tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.

A) may B) must C) need D) has to

21. Computers __________solve many difficult problems quickly.

A) can B) must C) need D) should

22. Some Americans think if students chew gum（咀嚼口香糖）in class, they _______ focus on

their study.

A) may not B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t

23. There is still quite a lot of meat in the fridge, so you __________ buy any more.

A. mustn’t

B. needn’t

C. can’t

D. shouldn’t

24. The weather report says it won’t rain this afternoon, so you take an umbrella with you.

A) shouldn’t B) mustn’t C) can’t D) needn’t

25. Cathy has to do the same thing every day. She ______ be very bored with her job.

A) can B) need C) should D) must

26. —The manager says there’s no hot water after 8:00p.m.

—You mean we ________ go to bed without a shower. How terrible!

A) have to B) may C) must D) can

27. You ________ watch sports news for a while if you have finished your homework.

A) must B) need C) should D) may

28. On School Open Day, parents ________ know how colorful their kids’ school life is.

A) should B) can C) must D) need

29.For our safety, we ______ drive cars after drinking any wines.

A) can’t B) needn’t C) shouldn’t D) mustn’t

30. Plants and flowers __________ water and sun when they start growing.

A. need to

B. don't need

C. needn't

D. need

31. You have already tried your best, so you ________ worry too much about the exams.

A. can't

B. needn't

C. mustn't

D. shouldn't

32. Only you ________ do such a thing, I'm sure, and nobody else has such an ability.

A. must

B. should

C. may

D. can

33. You ______ worry about your son. He can take care of himself.

A. can’t

B. may not

C. mustn’t

D. needn’t

34 ---Mum, will you buy me the new iPad after the High School Entrance Examination?

--- I’m afraid I _______, dear. We are short of money now.

A can’t B. mustn’t C shouldn’t D needn’t

35. It ________ be fantastic if more students join in the charity show tomorrow.

A must

B need

C can

D may

36. Nowadays even a small personal computer _________ store huge amounts of information.

A. must

B. need

C. should

D. can

37. Every citizen ________ try his best to protect our environment. It’s our duty.

A. need

B. must

C. can

D. ma

38. Students________ be careful when they do chemical experiments in the lab.

A. can

B. must

C. need

D. may

39. My mother________ make rice dumplings. She'll teach me how to do it.

A. must

B. need

C. should

D. can

40.—________I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?

— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.

A. May

B. Can

C. Would

D. Must

41. We________ keep the new traffic law and learn how to protect ourselves.

A. may

B. should

C. can

D. need

42. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It________ be very expensive.

A. must

B. can

C. mustn't

D. can't

43. Cars, buses and bikes ________stop when the traffic lights change to red.

A. can

B. may

C. must

D. need

44. Computers ________ process difficult problems very, very quickly.

A. must

B. need

C. should

D. can

45. To everyone’s surprise, Alex ________play chess very well when he was only four.

A. might

B. should

C. would

D. could

46. Everyone __________go through the security check (安检) when entering the World Expo Park.

A .can B. may C. must D. ought

参考答案：

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